I-CPI: Isihluthulelo sokuqonda ukwehla kwamandla emali kwezomnotho

I-Consumer Price Index, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-CPI, iyithuluzi elibalulekile emhlabeni wezomnotho. Le nkomba idlala indima ebalulekile ekusinikezeni iwindi lokuguquguquka kwentengo yezimpahla namasevisi esiwasebenzisa nsuku zonke. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi iyini i-CPI, inhloso yayo eyisisekelo, ukuthi ibalwa kanjani, nokuthi isetshenziswa kanjani ukukala ukwehla kwamandla emali. Ukwengeza, sizodalula izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-CPI ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlaziya ukuguquguquka kwamanani ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zomnotho kanye nokuthi inabuphi ubuhlobo nezinga lokuntuleka kwemisebenzi.

Yini i-CPI

I-Consumer Price Index (CPI) iyisilinganiso esibalulekile emhlabeni wezomnotho. Kuyinkomba eyinhloko esiza ohulumeni, amabhizinisi nabathengi baqonde futhi bahlole ukuvela kwamanani entengo yezimpahla namasevisi emnothweni othile. I-CPI ihlinzeka ngemininingwane efingqiwe yokwehla kwamandla emali futhi iyithuluzi eliyisisekelo kwezomnotho elisivumela ukuba silinganise ukwehla kwamandla emali futhi siqonde ukuthi amanani entengo ezimpahla nezinsizakalo azithinta kanjani izimpilo zabantu zansuku zonke kanye nokuzinza kwezomnotho jikelele. Ukubala nokuhlaziya kwayo kubalulekile ekwenzeni izinqumo zezomnotho ezinolwazi.

Yenzelwe ini

I-CPI isetshenziselwa ukukala ukuhluka kwezinga lentengo likabhasikidi wezimpahla namasevisi amele abathengi abamaphakathi. Lokhu kuvumela osomnotho, abahlaziyi kanye nabenzi bezinqubomgomo zomphakathi ukuthi bahlole ukwehla kwamandla emali, okuwukunyuka okujwayelekile nokuqhubekayo kwamanani. Ukwehla kwamandla emali kungaba nomthelela omkhulu emnothweni, njengoba kungase kucekele phansi amandla abantu okuthenga futhi kuphazamise ukusimama kwezomnotho jikelele. Ngaphezu kokuhlola ukwehla kwamandla emali, i-CPI iphinde isetshenziswe ekukhombeni amaholo nezinkontileka, iqinisekisa ukuthi ukulungiswa kwenziwa ngokuhambisana nokukhuphuka kwamanani entengo. Kubalulekile futhi ekubaleni I-Gross Domestic Product (GDP) yangempela, okuyisilinganiso esiyisisekelo sokukhula komnotho.

Isebenza kanjani i-CPI

I-CPI ibalwa ngochungechunge lwezinyathelo:

Izinhlobo ze-CPI

Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa ze-CPI ezisetshenziselwa ukukala ukwehla kwamandla emali ezigabeni ezehlukene zomnotho noma ngezinjongo ezithile.

Ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-CPI nezinga lokungasebenzi

Ngomqondo obanzi, i-CPI namazinga okungasebenzi ngokuvamile ahlobene ngokuphambene. Lokhu akuhlali kunjalo kuyo yonke iminotho, kodwa i-Federal Reserve ivamise ukuzama ukwehlisa imethrikhi eyodwa ngenkathi ibhalansisa enye. Isibonelo, ekuphenduleni ubhubhane lwe-COVID-19, i-Federal Reserve yathatha izinyathelo zokuqondisa ezingakaze zibonwe ngaphambili ukuze ikhuthaze umnotho. Ngenxa yalokho, imakethe yezabasebenzi yaqina futhi yabuyela kumazinga angaphambi kobhubhane ngoMashi 2022; Kodwa-ke, lesi sikhuthazo siholele ekulinganisweni okuphezulu kwe-CPI emashumini eminyaka. Njengomphumela wezilinganiso ze-CPI ezingaphezu kwalokho ebezilindelwe, i-Federal Reserve yaqala ukukhuphula izilinganiso zenzalo nokunciphisa ukuthengwa kwempahla ethile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lezi zinyathelo zihlose ukwehlisa ukukhula komnotho, kwenze kubize kakhulu kubathengi ukuthola izikweletu futhi kubambezele ukukhula kokutholakala kwemali. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lezi zindleko ezengeziwe zingathwalisa imindeni futhi zenze amabhizinisi angabi nenzuzo encane. Zonke izinto ziyalingana, lapho i-Fed izama ukwehlisa i-CPI, ibeka ingozi yokwandisa izinga lokungaqashwa ngokungenhloso.