El IBhange Elikhulu lase-Argentina Republic (BCRA) Kwathatha isinyathelo esibalulekile ekuqaliseni ukuguqulwa kwezabasebenzi ngokuchaza izinga lenzalo okumele lisetshenziswe, ngokuphoqelekile, ukuze buyekeza amanani ezinkantolo zabasebenzi ezisalindileLena ipharamitha yobuchwepheshe esetshenziswa kabanzi ezinkantolo zabasebenzi futhi ithinta ngqo abasebenzi, izinkampani, kanye nohlelo lwezobulungiswa uqobo.
Ngalesi sinqumo, igunya lezezimali lifuna ukuletha ukuhleleka endaweni ebingalingani kakhulu kuze kube manjeUhlelo lwangaphambilini, lapho inkantolo ngayinye yasebenzisa khona amafomula nezinkomba ezahlukene zokubala inzalo, manje lusekelwe ochungechungeni lwezibalo olunesikhathi eside kanye ne-calculator yedijithali efinyeleleka emphakathini eyenzelwe ukuvumela noma ubani ukuthi alinganisele inani lamanje lesicelo sokuqashwa esiphikiswanayo.
Intela ephoqelekile engadingi ukukhokhelwa yamacala abasebenzi
Inhliziyo yesilinganiso ukulungiswa izinga lenzalo elithile elingasebenzi lamacala okusebenzaokuba yimpoqo emacaleni asalindile athintekile yizinguquko. Lesi sibopho sivela ku Isigaba 55 soMthetho 27.802 mayelana Nokuthuthukiswa Kwemisebenzi, eyanikeza iBhange Elikhulu incazelo yesibonakaliso esiqondile sokubuyekeza amakhredithi atholakala ebudlelwaneni bomsebenzi.
Njengoba kuchaziwe yi-BCRA, izinga lakhiwa kusukela ku- isilinganiso esilinganisiwe sesilinganiso esisebenzayo sansuku zonke ukuthi izikhungo zezimali zikhokhela Amadiphozithi esikhathi esinqunyiwe sezinsuku ezingama-30 kuma-pesosNgamanye amazwi, kuthatha njengereferensi imbuyiselo enikezwa amabhange kulabo abafaka imali yabo kumadiphozithi esikhathi esinqunyiwe, futhi kuyihumusha ibe yinkomba esebenza ezikweletini zabasebenzi ezinkantolo.
La Uchungechunge lwezibalo luqala mhla zi-3 kuNhlangulana 1993 futhi ibuyekezwa nsuku zonke. Lo mlando omude uvumela ukubalwa kwenzalo emalini mboleko endala kakhulu, okuyinto efanele ohlelweni lwezomthetho lapho amacala amaningi ethatha iminyaka ngaphambi kokufinyelela esahlulelweni sokugcina.
IBhange Elikhulu ligcizelele ukuthi ukushicilelwa kwalolu chungechunge kuhlose ukuhlinzeka ukuvumelana kanye nokubikezela ekubalweni kokubuyekezwa ezingxabanweni zabasebenzi. Kuze kube manje, uma kungekho mthetho othize, ukukhetha izinga kwakuvame ukushiywa kusinqumo senkantolo ngayinye, okuholela ekuhlukeni okukhulu phakathi kwamacala afanayo.
Uchungechunge lomlando kanye ne-calculator eku-inthanethi yemali mboleko yomsebenzi
Kanye nesilinganiso, i-BCRA ikhiphe uchungechunge oluphelele lomlando kanye ne-calculator yedijithali Ukuze kube lula ukusetshenziswa kwalolu hlelo olusha, ithuluzi eliku-inthanethi lenzelwe ukuthi ochwepheshe bezomthetho kanye nabantu abazimele bakwazi ukusebenzisa kalula ukulingisa.
Umsebenzi ulula: umsebenzisi kumele Faka inani lemali mboleko yokuqala kanye nesikhathi okufanele sicatshangelwe. Ngokusekelwe kulezi zingcezu ezimbili zolwazi, uhlelo lusebenzisa ngokuzenzakalelayo izinga elisemthethweni elingasebenzisi i-passive elishicilelwe yiBhange Elikhulu futhi ibuyisela inani elibuyekeziwe lesikweletu somsebenzi ngokwemithetho yamanje.
Ngaphezu kokubonisa umphumela ngesilinganiso esingasebenzi, isibali sihlanganisa imingcele emibili eyengeziwe enikezwe emthethweniNgakolunye uhlangothi, ukulungiswa okuvela ku- I-Reference Stabilization Coefficient (CER) kanye nesilinganiso sonyaka esisebenzayo esingu-3%, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-CER+3. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, okulingana ne- 67% walelo nani elifanayo, okusebenza njengereferensi encane.
I-CER iyinkomba ebalwa nsuku zonke yiBhange Elikhulu uqobo futhi Kubonisa ukwehluka kwe-Consumer Price Index (CPI) eyanyatheliswa yiNational Institute of Statistics and Censuses (Indec). Ngale ndlela, le ndlela ifaka isilinganiso esicacile sokukhuphuka kwamanani emali ekubuyekezweni kwezikweletu zabasebenzi, into ebaluleke kakhulu ezimweni zokwehluka kwamanani aphezulu.
Esikrinini semiphumela, isibali sivumela Qhathanisa umthelela wesilinganiso sokungasebenzi namafomula asekelwe ku-CER+3 kanye naku-67% walelo naniLokhu kuqhathanisa kubonisa indlela amanani ashintsha ngayo kuye ngemibandela esetshenziswayo, ngaphakathi kwemingcele ebekwe ngumthetho.
Isitezi nophahla: indlela isigaba 55 sokuguqulwa kwabasebenzi esisebenza ngayo
Umthetho 27.802 awugcini nje ngoku-oda ukukhetha izinga, kodwa kunalokho isungula ngokucacile ububanzi lapho izintshisekelo kufanele zitholakale khona emacaleni okusebenza asalindile. Ngakho-ke i-athikili 55 isungula uhlelo phansi nophahla ukuze kubuyekezwe amakhredithi avela ebudlelwaneni bomsebenzi womuntu ngamunye.
Lo mthetho ubeka ukuthi, ezinqubweni eziqhubekayo ngesikhathi sokuqala kwawo ukusebenza, amakhredithi abasebenzi azobuyekezwa yi- inzalo ezenzakalelayo ilungiswe ibe yisilinganiso esingasebenzi okunqunywe yiBhange Elikhulu ngesikhathi esifanayo. Lowo ngumthetho ojwayelekile okufanele, kusukela manje, abahluleli bezabasebenzi kanye neziphathimandla zokuphatha ezifanele bawulandele.
Kodwa-ke, umthetho ngokwawo ucacisa ukuthi umphumela wokusebenzisa leso silinganiso esingasebenzi ayikwazi ukudlula inani elitholiwe ngokungeza enhloko-dolobha yokuqala ukuhlukahluka kwe I-CPI kanye nesilinganiso senzalo sonyaka esingu-3%.Leyo nhlanganisela yokwehla kwamandla emali okusemthethweni kanye namaphuzu amathathu asebenzayo ngonyaka ibeka umkhawulo omkhulu wentshisekelo kulolu hlobo lwenqubo.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inani libuyekezwe ngesilinganiso esingasebenzi Akunakuba ngaphansi kuka-67% wenani elibaliwe. ngokusebenzisa ifomula esekelwe ku-CPI + 3% minyaka yonke. Ukuthi u-67% usebenza njengendawo esemthethweni, okuqinisekisa ukuthi isibuyekezo asiweli ngaphansi komkhawulo othile obhekwa njengofanelekile ukuze kulondolozwe inani lesikweletu sesisebenzi.
Izinhlinzeko zalesi sihloko zingokuka ukuhleleka komphakathiokusho ukuthi kumele zisetshenziswe ngabahluleli kanye neziphathimandla zokuphatha noma ngesicelo seqembungisho nasezimweni zezinqubo zokwehluleka kokukhokha izikweletu noma uma sekumenyezelwe ukuthi ukwehluleka kokukhokha izikweletu, okuhlanganisa nezici ze umthwalo osizayoNgakho-ke, uhlelo lwephansi nophahla lunobubanzi obujwayelekile ngaphakathi kwendawo yonke yezikweletu zomsebenzi ezingaphansi kokubuyekezwa kwenkantolo.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwezindlela zokuhlola ezinkantolo zabasebenzi
Enye yezinhloso eziyinhloko zalokhu kungenelela kweBhange Elikhulu ukuhlanganisa izindlela ezisetshenziswa yizinkantolo zabasebenzi lapho kubalwa inzalo. Kuze kube manje, ngenxa yokungabikho kwesiqondiso esithile somthetho, abahluleli abaningi basebenzise isigaba 768 se-Civil and Commercial Code, esishiya ukukhethwa kwesilinganiso kumantshi uma kungekho sivumelwano phakathi kwezinhlangothi noma umthetho othize osebenzayo.
Leyo mingcele yokuzikhethela yaholela, iminyaka eminingi, ekubeni imiphumela ehluke kakhulu Phakathi kwezinkantolo, ezinye zasebenzisa amazinga enzalo asebenzayo (aphezulu), ezinye amazinga enzalo angasebenzisi, kanti ezinye zasebenzisa inhlanganisela yezilinganiso zezimali kanye nezinkomba zamanani. Umphumela waba yilokho Izisebenzi ezimbili ezimweni ezifanayo zingathola amanani okugcina ahluke kakhulu. ngokusho kwenkantolo ezosingatha icala lakhe.
Ngalesi simiso esisha, uHulumeni kanye neBhange Elikhulu Bethula inkomba ethile yezingxabano zabasebenzikuyilapho lokho okubizwa ngokuthi Izinga Lenzalo Lokukhokha Sekwephuzile (i-TIM), eyadalwa yi-BCRA uqobo ngoJanuwari, isalokhu iyi- ipharamitha engaba khona yezinqubo zomphakathi noma zezentengiselwano ezingenayo imithethonqubo eqondile kangaka.
Ngokwendlela yeBhange Elikhulu, i-TIM ihlanganisa amazinga ediphozithi yesikhathi esinqunyiwe kanye nezindleko zezimali zemali mboleko yasebhangeInhloso ukunikeza inkomba ejwayelekile yokubuyekeza amanani esahlulelo ngama-peso. Uchungechunge lwayo luphinde luqale ngoJuni 1993 futhi luhambisana nesibali esithile kuwebhusayithi yenhlangano, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwayo akuphoqelekile ezinkantolo zabasebenzi.
Kulesi simo esisha, izinga lokungasebenzisi eliklanyelwe amacala abasebenzi liba umthetho oyinhloko walelo gunyaOkwamanje, i-TIM (i-Tax and Mediation Unit) ithatha indima eguquguqukayo, eqondiswe kwezinye izinhlobo zamacala. Ngale ndlela, iBhange Elikhulu lihlela kabusha imephu yezinkomba ezifanele ngaphakathi kohlelo lwezobulungiswa.
Umthelela ekuqalisweni kokuguqulwa kwezabasebenzi
Isinqumo seBhodi Yabaqondisi beBhange Elikhulu sihlanganiswe ngokugcwele nenqubo ukusetshenziswa koMthetho 27.802okwaguqula kabanzi uhlelo lwezabasebenzi lwase-Argentina. Lo mthetho, owaziwa ngokuthi uMthetho Wokuthuthukiswa Kwabasebenzi, wamiswa yiGatsha Eliphethe ngemuva kokuvunyelwa yiphalamende futhi waqala ukusebenza lapho ushicilelwa ku-Official Gazette.
Umbhalo wezomthetho, osatshalaliswa ngo- Izahluko eziyi-25, wethule izinguquko ezindaweni ezifana isinxephezelo, amaholo, amaholide, amahora okusebenza, amalungelo eqembu kanye nokusebenza kwezinyunyanaNgaphezu kokufaka izikhuthazo zokwenza umsebenzi ube semthethweni kanye nohlelo oluthile lokutshalwa kwezimali okuthile, inguqulo yokugcina ayikhiphanga ezinye izinguquko ezazihleliwe ekuqaleni mayelana nekhefu lezokwelapha.
Ngaphakathi kwalolo hlaka olubanzi, indima yeBhange Elikhulu hlinzeka ngengxenye yobuchwepheshe edingekayo Ukuze i-Athikili 55 ibe nemiphumela ebonakalayo ekusebenzeni, ukushicilelwa kwansuku zonke kwesilinganiso senzalo esingasebenzi kanye nochungechunge lwaso lomlando, kanye ne-calculator eku-inthanethi, kungamathuluzi avumela ukuguqulwa kokuguqulwa kube yizibalo ezingaqinisekiswa zecala ngalinye.
Uhlelo olusha lunikeza izinkampani, abasebenzi kanye nezinkampani zomthetho ukubikezela okukhulu lapho kubikezelwa izindleko noma umphumela ongaba khona wecalaUkuba nereferensi esemthethweni netholakala kalula emphakathini kwenza kube lula ukulinganisa ukuthi isikweletu somsebenzi singakhula kangakanani kuye ngesikhathi kanye nezimo zomnotho.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukwenziwa kwesilinganiso sokubala kunemiphumela ku- amandla okuxoxisana phakathi kwamaqembu. Ngesilinganiso esaziwayo kanye nemikhawulo ecacile, izingxoxo mayelana namanani zivame ukugxila kakhulu ku-principal eyaziwayo futhi zingagxili kakhulu ku-interest rate, okungasiza ekuxazululeni izivumelwano ngaphandle kwenkantolo noma kuzisheshise ngaphakathi kwenqubo ngokwayo.
Uma kubhekwa ndawonye, ​​​​ukubekwa kwezinga lokuqulwa kwamacala abasebenzi, ukuba khona kwe- uchungechunge lomlando kusukela ngo-1993 Ukutholakala kwamathuluzi okubala aku-inthanethi kudala uhlaka lapho ubuchwepheshe bezezimali kanye nomthetho wezabasebenzi kuhlangana khona ngokusobala. Ububanzi obuqondile balolu shintsho manje buzoncika ekutheni izinkantolo, ochwepheshe, kanye namaqembu aphikisanayo basebenzisa kanjani lezi zinkomba ezintsha ecaleni ngalinye.