Ngemuva kwempi ende yezomthetho e-United States, inkantolo kahulumeni eWashington ichithe icala le-Federal Trade Commission (FTC) lokulwa nokungathembani elibhekene ne-Meta. IJaji uJames Boasberg liphethe ngokuthi, kuze kube namuhla, inkampani ayinawo amandla okulawula imakethe yezokuxhumana.
Inqubo yezomthetho, eyaqalwa ukubuyekeza ukuthengwa kwe -Instagram (2012) kanye ne-WhatsApp (2014) , yayihlose ukuphoqa i-Meta ukuthi izihlukanise nalezi zinkundla. Lesi sinqumo siphetha ngokuthi ukuncintisana okuvela ku-TikTok kanye ne-YouTube kwanele ukuvimbela ukubusa okukhethekile ohlelweni olushintshe kakhulu eminyakeni embalwa nje.
Isinqumo senkantolo
IJaji uBoasberg uthi i-FTC kumele ibonise ukuthi iMeta okwamanje inamandla okulawula, hhayi nje ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi yayiwaphethe esikhathini esidlule. Ngokombono wenkantolo, le nhlangano yehlulekile ukwenza kanjalo. Imakethe efanele ayikwazi ukukhipha ngamabomu amapulatifomu ezincomo zevidiyo ne-algorithmic njengeTikTok ne-YouTube, ngoba abasebenzisi bayawasebenzisa njengezithasiselo eziqondile ze-Facebook ne-Instagram.
Lo mbiko uqokomisa ukuguqulwa komkhakha: izici ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Meta—njenge- Reels— zifana kakhulu nokuqukethwe okunikezwa yi-TikTok ne-YouTube. Lokhu kuhlangana kuye kwafiphaza isigaba esidala "semidiya yezenhlalo yomuntu siqu," ngokusekelwe kokuthunyelwe kwabangani nomndeni, i-FTC eyazama ukuzivikela ohlakeni lwayo lwecala.
Izimpikiswano eziphikisanayo
I-FTC ichaze imakethe encane "yezokuxhumana nabantu" lapho, ngokusho kwempikiswano yayo, i-Facebook, i-Instagram, i-Snapchat, ne-MeWe bekuncintisana khona, kuyilapho i-TikTok ne-YouTube zizobhekwa njengezinkundla zokuzijabulisa esigabeni esihlukile. Inkantolo ayivumelani: ekuhloleni ukuziphatha kwangempela kwabasebenzisi, ibona ukuthi abasebenzisi bathuthela phakathi kwalezi zinsizakalo ngokusekelwe ekutholakaleni kwezici nokuqukethwe.
Ubufakazi obuwusizo obusekelwe ebufakazini buvezwe ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa. Lokhu kwakuhlanganisa izinguquko emaphethini okusetshenziswa lapho iTikTok yayingafinyeleleki noma lapho i-Facebook ne-Instagram zihlangabezana nokungasebenzi, kanye nokuhlolwa okukala ukuthi yiziphi izinhlelo zokusebenza abasebenzisi abashintshela kuzo ngemva kwesikhathi eside. Iphethini yayicacile: izindawo eziyinhloko ezithatha indawo ye-Meta kwakuyiTikTok ne-YouTube , ngaphambi kwamanye amanethiwekhi omphakathi avamile.
Lesi sinqumo siphinde sicaphune izindlela zokulinganisa ukusetshenziswa: AbaseMelika sebevele bachitha ingxenye encane yesikhathi sabo bebuka okuqukethwe okuvela kubangani (cishe u-17% ku-Facebook kanye no-7% ku-Instagram ), kanti okunye kugxile kumavidiyo amafushane kanye nezincomo ze-algorithmic, okuletha ulwazi lwe-Meta eduze nolwabaphikisi bayo.
I-Instagram ne-WhatsApp: Impokophelo ye-FTC ehlulekile
Le nhlangano icele umyalelo wenkantolo wokuhlukanisa i -Instagram ne-WhatsApp, ithi ukuthengwa kwe-Instagram kwenziwe ukuze kuncishiswe izinsongo zokuncintisana. Ijaji alivumelananga nalesi siphetho esimweni samanje, liphawula ukuthi abalawuli abazange bavimbe ukuthengiselana ngaleso sikhathi.
Ifayela lalihlanganisa imiyalezo yangaphakathi—njengesisho esidumile esishiwo uMark Zuckerberg esithi “kungcono ukuthenga kunokuncintisana”—kanye nezinsolo mayelana nezinqubomgomo ezicatshangelwayo zokukhipha izimbangi. Kodwa-ke, inkantolo inikeza isisindo esikhulu ezindleleni zokuncintisana zanamuhla kanye nobufakazi bokuthi iMeta incintisana nabadlali abakukhula kwabo kube kukhulu.
Amaqiniso abenesisindo esinqumweni
- Ukushintshwa kokusetshenziswa kohlelo lokusebenza: Lapho i-TikTok ingafinyeleleki ezimakethe ezithile, isikhathi esichithwa ku-Facebook naku-Instagram sanda kakhulu; lapho izinsizakalo ze-Meta zehla, ithrafikhi yaphambukiswa ikakhulukazi ku-TikTok naku-YouTube.
- Ukuvela komkhiqizo: I-Meta itshale izigidigidi kuyo reels ukunqanda ukugeleza kwabasebenzisi kumavidiyo amafushane, anezici eziqhubeka zifana nezimbangi zayo.
- Idatha yokusetshenziswa: Okuqukethwe okuvela kubangani nomndeni kunesisindo esincane; okuphakelayo kwevidiyo ye-algorithmic kuyakhula. cishe ayihlukaniseki kusuka ku-TikTok naku-YouTube.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ijaji liveza ukuthi, uma imakethe efanele ihlanganisa i-Facebook, i-Instagram, i-Snapchat, i-MeWe, i-TikTok, kanye ne-YouTube, isabelo sesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwe-Meta besingeke sanele ukusekela ukuzimela ngaphansi kwemingcele evame ukucatshangelwa yizinkantolo zase-US.
Ukusabela nezinyathelo ezilandelayo
I-Meta ichaze lesi sinqumo njengokuqinisekisa ukuthi ibhekene nokuncintisana okukhulu futhi yagcizelela izinzuzo zemikhiqizo yayo kubathengi namabhizinisi. I-FTC, yona, iveze ukudumala futhi yabonisa ukuthi ihlola izinketho, ishiya ithuba lokudlulisa icala livulekile.
Icala lamasonto ayisikhombisa lalihlanganisa ubufakazi bukaMark Zuckerberg , owayeyi-COO uSheryl Sandberg , kanye nabaphathi abavela ezinkundleni eziphikisanayo. Nakuba lo mphumela uvuna i-Meta, uhlangothi lokulawula e-United States luhlala lusebenza, kanti kunezinqubo ezibalulekile eziqhubekayo ngokumelene nezinye izinkampani ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe.
Imithelela yeSpain kanye ne-European Union
Lesi sinqumo asishintshi ukwengamela kweYurophu, kodwa sivuselela ingxoxo yokuthi zingaxazululwa kanjani izimakethe zedijithali ezishintsha ngokushesha. I-EU isebenzisa iSivumelwano Sokumaketha Kwedijithali ( i-DMA) kanye noMthetho Wezinsizakalo Zedijithali (i-DSA) , obeka izibopho zangaphambilini ezisekelweni ezinkulu futhi uqinise ukulawulwa kwemikhuba yokuncintisana, ukukhangisa, kanye nokulinganisela.
ESpain, lapho i-WhatsApp ne-Instagram zisetshenziswa kabanzi khona, lesi sinqumo sisebenza njengesikhumbuzo sokuthi ukuncintisana akugcini nje "ezinkundleni zokuxhumana" ngomqondo wendabuko: ukunaka kwabasebenzisi nakho kuphikiswana ngamafomethi amafushane evidiyo, izinhlelo zokusebenza zemiyalezo, kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-algorithmic. Lokhu kungathinta uphenyo lwesikhathi esizayo kanye nokuxhumana phakathi kweziphathimandla zokuncintisana kanye nokuvikelwa kwedatha.
I-ecosystem engaseyona leyo evela ngo-2020
Ingxenye ebalulekile yokucabanga kwezomthetho ingeyesikhashana: imakethe echazwe yi-FTC ngo-2020 ayisafani. Ukuhlangana okusebenzayo — izindaba, amavidiyo amafushane, imiyalezo yangasese — kanye nesivinini abasebenzisi abasuka ngaso besuka kwenye ipulatifomu baye kwenye kwenza kube nzima ukusungula imingcele ecacile yokuhlaziywa kwe-monopoly yakudala.
Inkantolo iyavuma ukuthi iMeta kungenzeka ukuthi yayinamandla amaningi esikhathini esidlule, kodwa igxile ekutheni ingalawula amanani ngendlela eqhubekayo noma ikhiphe ukuncintisana namuhla. Njengoba kubusa iTikTok ne-YouTube, kanye nokuncipha kwesikhathi esichithwa ukubukela okuqukethwe okuvela kubangani, leso siphetho asihlali ngaphansi kwemigomo ephakanyiswe yi-FTC.
Okusazokwenzeka
Lesi sinqumo siyingqophamlando ekuhlaselweni okubanzi yiziphathimandla zase-US ngokumelene neBig Tech. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunezinye izinqumo ezibalulekile namacala athinta i-Google , i-Apple , ne -Amazon , futhi kulindeleke ukuthi kube nezilingo ezintsha mayelana nomthelela wezokuxhumana ezinganeni ezincane.
KuMeta, ukunqoba kususa ingozi yokuxoshwa ngenkani futhi kuqinisa impikiswano yayo yokuthi incintisana ezimakethe ezivulekile nezishintshayo. Kubalawuli, umbuzo uwukuthi bangawakha kanjani amacala athatha indawo ngokunembile lapho imisebenzi namafomethi kuhlangana khona ngokushesha.
Lesi sinqumo sikwenza kucace ukuthi, esimweni samanje semakethe, i-Meta ayigcini ngokuba yiyo yodwa ezinkundleni zokuxhumana; ukwanda kwezinhlelo zevidiyo ezimfushane kanye nezincomo kushintshe isimo sokuncintisana. I-FTC ingakhanga, futhi eYurophu, amapulatifomu azoqhubeka nokuhlolwa ngaphansi kwemithetho yawo, kodwa isithombe samanje singomkhakha onabadlali abaningana abakwaziyo ukunciphisa amandla e-Meta.