Kusukela ngomhlaka-2 kuMbasa, Ikhadi le-ID ledijithali efonini yakho ephathekayo liba ngokoqobo lokusebenza kulo lonke elaseSpainNgemva konyaka wokuzivumelanisa nezimo zokuphatha nezinkampani, uhlelo lokusebenza olusemthethweni lwe-MiDNI selusebenza ngokugcwele manje futhi luvumela noma yisiphi isakhamuzi ukuthi siziveze ngokomthetho ngama-smartphone aso ngezinqubo eziningi zobuso nobuso.
Ushintsho lubalulekile: Kokubili izinhlaka zikahulumeni kanye nezinhlangano ezizimele zibophekile ukwamukela ikhadi le-ID ngefomethi yedijithaliNgokusho kweRoyal Decree 255/2025, idokhumenti ebonakalayo isasebenza, kodwa akuseyona yodwa inketho, evula umnyango wendlela elula yokuhlonza ehambisana nokuguqulwa kwedijithali koHulumeni kanye nokuphila kwansuku zonke.
Iyini i-MiDNI futhi yaqala nini ukusebenza ngokusemthethweni?
Ikhadi lami le-ID yi- isicelo esisemthethweni esakhiwe ngamaphoyisa kazwelonkeNgaphansi kokulawulwa nguMnyango Wezangaphakathi, le nsizakalo ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi baphathe iDokhumenti yabo Yomazisi Kazwelonke kumakhalekhukhwini abo. Yayisitholakala unyaka wonke esigabeni sokuqaliswa, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwayo kubhekwa njengokuqalwa ngokugcwele kusukela ngoLwesine Olungcwele, umhlaka-2 kuMbasa.
Isinqumo Sasebukhosini 255/2025 samiswa isikhathi sokuguquka sezinyanga eziyishumi nambili ukuze izinhlangano nezinkampani zikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezinhlelo zazo. Uma leso sikhathi sesiphelile, noma iyiphi inhlangano edinga ukuhlonza iphoqelekile ukwamukela ikhadi le-ID ledijithali njengombhalo osebenzayo, uma nje kukhona uxhumano lwedatha lokuqinisekiswa kwalo.
Le ntuthuko entsha ayishintshi isimo esingokomthetho se-National Identity Document (DNI): Kuhlala kuyilungelo labo bonke izakhamuzi zaseSpain futhi kuyimpoqo. Kusukela eminyakeni eyi-14, kudingeka ama-ID angokoqobo kanye nawedijithali. Umehluko uwukuthi ukuphatha ifoni ephathekayo kunganele ukufakazela ubuwena ezimweni eziningi ezivamile.
Ngokusho kwedatha ekhishwe yilo mkhakha, Abantu abangaphezu kwesigidi base bevele belande i-MiDNI ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila kohlelo lokusebenza, okuyisibalo esiphikisana nokusetshenziswa kancane emabhizinisini amaningi, ikakhulukazi kuma-SME kanye namahhotela kanye nezindawo zokuhweba.
Ikhadi le-ID yedijithali kanye nohlelo lwekhodi ye-QR lusebenza kanjani?
Inhliziyo yesistimu ilula: I-MyID ikhiqiza ikhodi ye-QR enamandla futhi yesikhashana ngedatha edingekayo yokuhlonza umnikazi. Le khodi ingaskenwa ngenye idivayisi enohlelo lokusebenza olufanayo olufakiwe noma nge-verifier etholakala kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni ethi midni.gob.es.
Ngokuphambene nalokho abaningi abangase bakucabange, Isithombe sekhadi le-ID eliphathekayo asiveli esikrinini sefoni ephathekayo.Okuboniswayo yileyo khodi ye-QR, lapho iskeniwe ibheka amarekhodi asemthethweni amaPhoyisa Kazwelonke ngesikhathi sangempela bese ibuyisela, imizuzwana embalwa, idatha yobunikazi egunyaziwe yalolo hlelo oluthile.
Ukuqinisekiswa kwenziwa ku-inthanethi: I-MyID ayigcini unomphela idatha yobunikazi kudivayisiKunalokho, ibacela kuyunithi yokuphatha i-DNI isikhathi ngasinye lapho isetshenziswa, ngendlela efanayo nezinye izinhlelo zokuhlonza ezisebenzisa isitifiketi sedijithaliLokhu kunciphisa ingozi yokukhwabanisa futhi kwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukwenza izinto mbumbulu, ngoba ulwazi luhlala luvela emthonjeni osemthethweni osesikhathini.
Ikhodi ye-QR, esayinwe ngedijithali ngamaphoyisa kazwelonke, Kusebenza isikhathi esifushane kakhulu kuphelaNgemva kwaleso sikhathi, iba yinto engavumelekile futhi kufanele kukhiqizwe entsha. Lokhu kuvimbela isithombe-skrini noma isithombe esigciniwe ukuthi singasetshenziswa kabusha njengombhalo wokuhlonza.
Kumqinisekisi, inqubo ilula futhi: Uma ikhodi ye-QR iskenwa, idatha yesakhamuzi iboniswa esikrinini. Kuye ngokuthi inketho ikhethiwe (ubudala, isisekelo, noma ephelele), ziyanyamalala ngemva kwesikhashana esifushane. Azilondolozwa kudivayisi yenkampani futhi azilandwanga unomphela.
Indlela yokuthola nokusebenzisa ikhadi le-ID ledijithali efonini yakho ephathekayo
Ukuze ukwazi ukusebenzisa i-MiDNI kubalulekile ube nekhadi lomazisi elisebenzayo bese uyixhumanisa nenombolo yocingo. Le nqubo inezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko: ukubhaliswa kokuqala kanye nokusebenza kuhlelo lokusebenza.
Ukubhalisa kungenziwa ngezindlela eziningana. Labo abanekhadi le-ID elisebenza ngogesi kanye ne-reader yamakhadi Bangaqeda inqubo besekhaya ngewebhusayithi esemthethweni ethi midni.gob.es, baziveze ngedokhumenti uqobo futhi baxhumanise inombolo yabo yocingo, ngemva kwalokho bathole i-SMS yokuqinisekisa.
Enye indlela ukuya ku- I-Documentation Update Post (PAD)Le nsizakalo itholakala eziteshini eziningi zamaphoyisa kazwelonke, emayunithi okubhala imibhalo, nasemahholo edolobha angaphezu kuka-300. Abasebenzisi bafaka inombolo yabo yekhadi lomazisi, imininingwane yomuntu siqu, kanye nenombolo yocingo oluphathwayo kulezi zikhungo, bese uhlelo luthumela ngokushesha ikhodi edingekayo ukuze kuqhubeke.
Kungenzeka futhi ukuphatha ngesikhathi sokuvuselelwa kwekhadi le-ID ehhovisi elikhiphayoKulesi simo, i-ejenti iqondisa inqubo, ifaka idatha, futhi inikeze isakhamuzi i-SMS exhumanisayo, ukuze sishiye i-aphoyintimenti sinethuba lokusebenzisa i-MiDNI kuma-smartphone aso.
Uma esebhalisiwe, umsebenzisi kumele Landa uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-MiDNI ku-Google Play noma ku-App StoreYamukela imigomo yokusebenzisa bese ufaka inombolo yakho ye-ID kanye nenombolo yokusekela etholakala kudokhumenti ebonakalayo. Iphasiwedi evikelekile izobe isidalwa, kanye nenketho yokusebenzisa izindlela ze-biometric kamuva njengezigxivizo zeminwe noma ukuqashelwa kobuso. bhalisa ku-Cl@ve kwezinye izindawo zokufinyelela.
Esinyathelweni sokugcina, uhlelo lucela ikhodi yokuqinisekisa ithunyelwe nge-SMSNgemva kokuyifaka kahle, ikhadi le-ID ledijithali liyavulwa futhi manje lingasetshenziswa kusuka efonini yakho ephathekayo ukuze uzibone ezimweni ezinikezwe yimithethonqubo.
Amazinga edatha angaboniswa nge-MiDNI
Esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-MiDNI ukuthi Akudingi njalo ukuthi ubonise yonke imininingwane yakho yomuntu siqu.Uhlelo lokusebenza lunikeza izindlela ezintathu zokwethula idatha kuye ngokuthi yini okudingeka iqinisekiswe nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
Esokuqala I-DNI AGELe ndlela yenzelwe izimo lapho ubufakazi beminyaka banele khona. Ibonisa isithombe somnikazi, igama, kanye nokuqinisekiswa kokuthi uneminyaka okungenani engu-18 ubudala, ngaphandle kokwembula lonke ulwazi lwedokhumenti.
Inketho yesibili yile I-DNI ELILULALo mbhalo ubonisa isithombe, isibongo nesibongo, ubulili, kanye nosuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi. Uwusizo ezinqubweni ezidinga ukuhlonza okuyisisekelo, kodwa hhayi yonke imininingwane ephelele.
Ekugcineni, kukhona inketho I-ID EPHELELELokhu kuphinda ulwazi oluyinhloko oluvela kudokhumenti ebonakalayo. Kuhlanganisa yonke idatha evela ku-National Identity Document (DNI) edingekayo ukuze kusetshenziswe izinqubo ezidinga ukuhlonza okubanzi nezinhlangano noma izinhlangano ezizimele.
Isakhamuzi sikhetha ekusetshenzisweni ngakunye Yiliphi izinga lolwazi ofisa ukwabelana ngaloLesi sinqumo siphumela kukhodi ye-QR enedatha eningi noma encane ebonakala kumqinisekisi, okuvumela ukuhlonza ukuthi kulungiswe kube okungenani okudingekayo futhi kuncishiswe ukuvezwa kolwazi lomuntu siqu ngezinqubo ezilula.
Iyiphi inqubo engasetshenziswa ngayo ikhadi le-ID ledijithali?
Ngokuqala kokusebenza kwe-MiDNI, Ikhadi le-ID ledijithali lisebenza ngendlela efanayo nedokhumenti ebonakalayo ezimweni eziningi zobuso nobuso eSpain.Uma nje kukhona uxhumano lwedatha futhi isikhungo sinesistimu yokufunda ehambisanayo, ubuwena bungaqinisekiswa ngocingo oluphathwayo.
Phakathi kokusetshenziswa okuvame kakhulu kukhona izinqubo phambi koHulumeni kanye naphambi kwabameli bezivumelwanokanye nezinqubo emanyuvesi nasezikhungweni zemfundo, zomphakathi nezangasese. Kuyasebenza futhi ekuqinisekiseni ubudala obusemthethweni ezindaweni lapho kudingeka khona ukulawulwa kokufinyelela ngezizathu zomthetho.
Ithuluzi lenzelwe lula izinqubo eziningi zansuku zonke: ukubhaliswa kwehhotela, ukuqasha izimoto, ukuqoqwa kwamaphasela emahhovisi eposi kanye nezinsizakalo zokuthumela izincwadi, ukuthengiselana ngebhange mathupha, ukuthengwa kwamathikithi okukhetha kanye namathikithi emicimbi edinga ukuhlonza umnikazi, noma ukufinyelela ezakhiweni nasezindaweni zokubonisana.
Emkhakheni wezokunakekelwa kwempilo, i-MiDNI ivumela Ziveze ukuthi uzokwazi yini ukuqoqa imithi emakhemisi uma kudingeka ngokomthetho, ngaleyo ndlela kugwenywe isidingo sokukhombisa njalo idokhumenti ebonakalayo. Konke lokhu kunenani elisemthethweni elifanayo nedokhumenti ebonakalayo, ngokwemithetho evunyelwe nguHulumeni.
Izinkampani, ngokwazo, Bangaqinisekisa ubuqiniso beziqinisekiso ngesikhathi sangempela.Lokhu kuqinisa ukulawulwa kwabo kokufinyelela kanye nezinqubo zokuqasha mathupha. Kodwa-ke, ukuzivumelanisa nobuchwepheshe akufani: ingxenye enkulu yomkhakha webhizinisi, ikakhulukazi ama-SME nezitolo ezincane, isesenqubweni yokufaka abafundi be-MiDNI.
Imikhawulo: lapho ikhadi le-ID yedijithali lingasetshenziswa
Naphezu kokufinyelela kwayo kabanzi, Ikhadi le-ID yedijithali alithathi indawo yedokhumenti ebonakalayo kuzo zonke izimoKunezimo lapho, okungenani okwamanje, kusabalulekile khona ukwethula ukwesekwa okuvamile noma imibhalo eyengeziwe.
Omunye wemingcele ecacile uhlobene uhambo lamazwe aphesheyaI-MyDNI ayisebenzi njengedokhumenti yokuhamba yokuwela imingcele noma yokuhlonza phesheya, ngoba azikho izinhlelo zokuqinisekisa ezingasebenzisana ngaphandle kweSpain ezivumela le fomethi yedijithali ukuthi iqashelwe.
Enye indawo ebucayi kakhulu yilena yokhetho. Nakuba ekuqaleni kungenzeka ukuthi kusetshenziswe i-MiDNI ukuze baziveze eziteshini zokuvotaIBhodi Yokhetho Ephakathi inqume ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuze kube yilapho izindlela zokuqinisekisa sezihlanganisiwe ngokugcwele futhi zibekwe ezingeni elifanayo kuzo zonke iziteshi zokuvota.
Impikiswano yaqina ngemva kokuba ibuzwe imibuzo Kwakubalulekile ukuhlola njalo ikhodi ye-QR ebuyekeziwe. ukuqinisekisa ubuqiniso bedokhumenti ngesikhathi senqubo yokhetho. Ekugcineni, inhlangano yokhetho ikhethe ukuqapha futhi yaqeda ukusetshenziswa kwayo ekuvoteni, kokubili kwi-MiDNI nakwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zedokhumenti yedijithali, kuze kube yilapho sekukhona uhlaka olujwayelekile noluqinile lobuchwepheshe kanye nenhlangano.
Empeleni, lokhu kusho ukuthi, Ukuze bavote, izakhamuzi zisazodinga ikhadi lazo lomazisi noma eminye imibhalo eyamukelekayo.Nakuba eminye imisebenzi yansuku zonke iselula inganele. Iziphathimandla zigcizelela ukuthi uhlelo lokhetho lwaseSpain selunezingqimba eziningi zokulawula ezenza kube nzima ukukhwabanisa okukhulu, kodwa zifuna izinqubo ezicacile ngaphambi kokufaka amathuluzi edijithali ekuhlonzeni abavoti eziteshini zokuvota.
Izinselele zokuphepha, ubumfihlo kanye nokuqaliswa kwazo
Ukufika kwekhadi le-ID ledijithali kuletha phambili udaba lokuphepha nokuvikelwa kwedatha, ikakhulukazi ngemva kwezindaba mayelana ukuhlaselwa okukhulu kwe-cyber okungenzekaOchwepheshe bezokuphepha kwe-inthanethi kanye nabaholi bomkhakha wedijithali bayavuma ukuthi inselele akuyona nje ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe, kodwa futhi nokuqinisekisa ukuthi buyaqondakala, buthembekile, futhi buyalawuleka kunoma yimuphi umsebenzisi.
Ngokombono wezobuchwepheshe, i-MiDNI ithembele ku- izingqimba eziningi zokuvikelwaIzici zifaka: amakhodi e-QR asayinwe ngedijithali, ukufinyelela ngesikhathi sangempela kudathabheyisi esemthethweni, akukho sitoreji esihlala njalo ocingweni, kanye nezinketho zokufinyelela ngephasiwedi noma i-biometrics. Uma ikhadi lomazisi elingokoqobo lilahleka noma lebiwe, noma uma kusolwa ukusetshenziswa kabi, izakhamuzi zingakhansela inguqulo yedijithali ngokuyibika emaphoyiseni kazwelonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abasebenzisi kufanele bazivikele ezindleleni zokwebiwa kobunikazi ezifana... befuna.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imithethonqubo idinga izinkampani ukuthi ungaqoqi idatha eningi kunalokho okudingekayo ngempela kukho konke ukuhlonza. Uma inhlangano igcina ulwazi oluningi noma olungafanele, ingase ibhekane nezijeziso ezivela kwi-Spanish Data Protection Agency ngaphansi koMthethonqubo Ojwayelekile Wokuvikelwa Kwedatha, ngezinhlawulo ezingafinyelela kuma-euro ayizigidi ezingama-20 noma u-4% wenzuzo yomhlaba wonke.
Nokho, ukwamukelwa kuyaqhubeka ngamazinga ahlukene. Ingxenye enkulu yabantu isivele ilande uhlelo lokusebenzaIzinkampani eziningi zisashintsha izinhlelo zazo. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi iningi lamabhizinisi, ikakhulukazi amahhotela, ama-SME, kanye nezitolo zokuthengisa, awakahlanganisi kabanzi ukufundwa kwe-MiDNI, naphezu kokwamukelwa okuyimpoqo.
Amazwi avela emkhakheni wezobuchwepheshe asikhumbuza lokho Ubuwena bedijithali manje buyingxenye yokuphila kwansuku zonke Babikezela ukuthi ukukhula kwayo kuzoqhubeka eminyakeni ezayo, kodwa bagcizelela ukuthi isihluthulelo sisekuhlanganiseni kwayo nengqalasizinda evikelekile, imithethonqubo ecacile, kanye nezinqubo eziklanywe kahle. Ngaphandle kwalezi zinto, baxwayisa, ingozi ayiyona kakhulu ubuchwepheshe uqobo kodwa ukuqaliswa okubi noma okungacacile.
ISpain esimweni saseYurophu kanye nokuvela kwe-DNI (Idokhumenti Yomazisi Kazwelonke)
Ukuqaliswa kwe-MiDNI kuyingxenye yenqubo ebanzi Ukuthuthukiswa kwekhadi lomazisi likazwelonke kanye nobunikazi be-elekthronikhi eYurophuAmazwe afana neJalimane ne-Estonia abelokhu ethuthukisa izinhlelo zokuhlonza zedijithali ezithuthukisiwe isikhathi esithile, kanti i-European Union ikhuthaza uhlaka olufanayo lweziqinisekiso ze-elekthronikhi ezivikelekile.
ESpain, uhambo aluqali phansi. Ikhadi le-ID elenziwe ngogesi lasungulwa eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule.nge-chip ye-cryptographic eyayivumela ukusayinwa kwemibhalo esemthethweni ngogesi kanye nokufinyelela izinsizakalo zikahulumeni eziku-inthanethi. Lokho kukhuphuka kwabeka idokhumenti yaseSpain phambili emhlabeni jikelele maqondana nokuphepha kobuchwepheshe.
Kamuva bafika i-DNI 3.0, enobuchwepheshe be-NFC, okwenza kwaba lula ukufunda idokhumenti ngamadivayisi eselula, kanye ne-DNIe 4.0, evunyelaniswe nezindinganiso zaseYurophu ezisungulwe yi-Regulation (EU) 2019/1157. Lokhu kwagcina kufaka ifulegi le-EU, izinhlamvu zokuqala zezwe elikhiphayo kanye nokuthuthukiswa okwengeziwe ezindleleni zokuphepha ngokomzimba nangokwe-elekthronikhi.
Khonamanjalo, izakhamuzi zase zijwayele ukuphatha amadokhumenti kuma-smartphone azo ngenxa yamathuluzi anjenge- uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-miDGT, olusebenza kusukela ngo-2020okukuvumela ukuthi uphathe ilayisense yakho yokushayela efonini yakho ephathekayo. I-MiDNI yakhela kulolo lwazi lwangaphambilini futhi ilunwebela kudokhumenti kamazisi, ngendlela ebanzi kakhulu kanye nokusekelwa kwezomthetho okuqondile.
Ngaphakathi koHlelo Lobunikazi Bedijithali Lamaphoyisa Kazwelonke, I-MyID ibhekwa njengesinyathelo esengeziwe Kulolu shintsho: kwenza kube nendlela yokugunyazwa mathupha kusetshenziswa amakhodi e-QR esikhashana ahlanganisa ukusebenziseka kalula komsebenzisi kanye neziqinisekiso eziphelele zomthetho endaweni yaseSpain, uma nje kusetshenziswa iziteshi zokuqinisekisa ezinikeziwe.
Ukwethulwa kwekhadi lomazisi ledijithali kuphawula isigaba esisha endleleni abantu abaziveza ngayo eSpain: Omakhalekhukhwini sebeqala ukuqalwa njengethuluzi elibalulekile ekusebenzelaneni nezinhlaka zikahulumeni kanye namabhizinisi.Nakuba idokhumenti ebonakalayo isatholakala njengesipele kanye nalezo zimo lapho isabalulekile khona, impumelelo yalolu shintsho izoncika ekusetshenzisweni okuqinile kobuchwepheshe, izinkampani eziqeda ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zazo, kanye nezakhamuzi ezibona i-MiDNI njengohlelo oluphephile nolulula oluhlonipha ubumfihlo bazo.