Imakethe yezindlu yamanje yenza kube nzima kulabo abafuna ukuthenga indlu yabo yokuqala, ikakhulukazi uma kucatshangelwa inkokhelo enkulu yokuqala edingekayo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, uhulumeni waseCatalan unqume ukuthatha isinyathelo futhi wandise izinhlelo zakhe zosizo lwezezimali ngqo ukusiza abantu abaningi babe ngabanikazi bezindlu. Lesi sinyathelo sihlose ukunikeza impumuzo kulabo, naphezu kokuba nemisebenzi ezinzile, abangazange babe nesikhathi esanele sokonga ngokwanele ukukholisa ibhange ukuthi livume imali mboleko.
Izindaba eziyinhloko ukuthi uhulumeni waseCatalan uqinisekisile uhlelo lwakhe lwemali mboleko yentsha eshiya ikhaya labazali, okwakungumkhawulo weminyaka engu-35 kuze kube manje, luzonwetshwa lube yiminyaka engu-40 ukuze kuhlinzekwe impumuzo kubantu baseCatalan abangaba ngu-600.000 ababekhishwe kulezi zimo ezizuzisayo ngaphambilini. Lolu shintsho luzoqala ukusebenza mhla lu-1 kuJuni, luhlanganise iphrojekthi efuna ukuzivumelanisa neqiniso lezenhlalo lapho ukuzinza komnotho kuqhubeka nokubambezeleka futhi ubunikazi bezindlu buvame ukuhlehliswa ngenxa yesidingo esikhulu.
Ukwenyuswa kwezimali okungenanzalo kwezindleko zokuqala
Indlela lolu hlelo olusebenza ngayo ilula kakhulu ukuyiqonda kodwa inamandla kakhulu ekusebenzeni, njengoba ibhekana ngqo nenkinga yokonga kwangaphambilini. I-Catalan Finance Institute (ICF) kanye ne-Catalan Housing Agency (Agència de l'Habitatge de Catalunya) banikeza imali mboleko ehlanganisa kufika ku-20% wentengo yokuthenga , okuyiphesenti ngqo amabhange angalifaki ezikweletini zawo zendabuko. Ngokumboza lesi sigaba, umthengi udinga kuphela ukuthi wonge imali eyanele yezimali zokuphatha kanye nezintela, okwenza kube lula kakhulu ukufinyelela imali mboleko engu-100% yendlu yakho yokuqala.
Okwenza lo mkhiqizo ukhange ngempela ukuthi unikezwa ngenzalo engu-0%, okusho ukuthi awukhokhi ngisho ne-euro eyodwa ngaphezu kwemali ebolekiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abazuzi banesikhathi somusa esiphezulu seminyaka engama-30 , njengoba ukukhokha imali mboleko yomphakathi kungaqali kuze kube yilapho imali mboleko ebhange isikhokhiwe ngokuphelele. Uma ibhange selikhokhiwe, umninikhaya uneminyaka emihlanu yokubuyisela leyo mali kuhulumeni wesifunda.
Lokhu kusekelwa kwezezimali akunamkhawulo, njengoba umkhawulo omkhulu we-€50.000 ngokuthengiselana ngakunye usemisiwe , inani elivame ukuba ngaphezu kokwanele ukumboza inkokhelo yokuqala engu-20% yezindlu eziningi ezifanelana nephrofayili yendlu yokuqala. Le modeli isivele ivumele imindeni engaphezu kwenkulungwane ukuthi ithathe izindlu zayo esikhathini esingaphansi konyaka, okubonisa ukuthi abantu abaningi babelinde ukucindezelwa okuncane kokungena emakethe.
Ukuze kugwenywe noma yikuphi ukudideka, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi izindlu ezitholwe ngalolu hlelo zithola isimo sokuvikelwa esisemthethweni ngokuzenzakalelayo nangokuhlala njalo . Lokhu kusho ukuthi umnikazi akanakuqagela ngaso esikhathini esizayo; uma enquma ukuzithengisa noma ukuziqasha, intengo izobe inqunyelwe ngokomthetho, okuzovumela ukuthi babuyisele imali abayitshalile kuphela ngenxa yokwehla kwamandla emali kanye nanoma yikuphi ukuthuthukiswa okwenziwe, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izimali zomphakathi zisetshenziselwa ukudala isitoko sezindlu zomphakathi kanye nokuqashwa kwesikhathi eside okungabizi.
Ukuguquguquka okwengeziwe ezimweni zokuthenga
Imithethonqubo emisha ayigcini nje ngokubhekana nezidingo zobudala kodwa futhi ilungisa imininingwane ethile yobuchwepheshe eyayinzima ngaphambili. Isibonelo, kusukela manje kuqhubeke, imali izotholakala yokuthenga igaraji noma iyunithi yokugcina izinto , uma nje besakhiweni esifanayo nefulethi, noma ngabe abanayo inombolo yokubhalisa yendlu efanayo. Lokhu kuyinzuzo kulabo abafuna ikhaya eliphelele nelisebenzayo kusukela ngosuku lokuqala.
Esinye isithiyo esisuswayo siphathelene nezindlu ezisanda kwakhiwa, ngezinye izikhathi ezizithola zisenkingeni yokuphatha ngaphambi nje kokudluliselwa. Uhlelo manje luzovumela ukuthi imali mboleko ibhaliswe ngokusemthethweni ngaphandle kokudinga ireferensi yokugcina ye-cadastral ngesikhathi sokusayina; ulwazi lokubhaliswa komhlaba luzokwanela. Lolu shintsho lwenza kube lula kakhulu izinqubo zentuthuko esanda kuqedwa lapho ukwahlukaniswa kobunikazi okuqondile kusaqedwa emahhovisi.
Ukuze bafanelekele lezi zimali mboleko, abafakizicelo kumele bahlangabezane nochungechunge lwezidingo zemali engenayo ezingaqinile kakhulu, ezihlose ukufinyelela isigaba sabasebenzi abaphakathi nendawo. Ngokukhethekile, umuntu oyedwa akakwazi ukuthola imali engaphezu kuka- €83.392 ngonyaka , kanti uma ukuthengwa kwenziwa ngokubambisana ngababili, umkhawulo ukhuphuka kancane ufinyelele cishe ku-€86.000. Kubalulekile ukubhaliswa njengomhlali eCatalonia futhi, ngokwemvelo, ukuthi impahla ibe yindawo yokuhlala eyinhloko nehlala njalo yomuntu ocela imali mboleko.
Ngokuphathelene nezindawo, lezi zingaba zintsha noma ziphinde zithengiswe, kodwa azikwazi ukuthi zaziyizindlu ezixhaswe ngaphambilini noma ukuthi zibe sesigabeni sokuhlela noma sokwakha esithuthukisiwe. Inhloso ukuthi umthengi akwazi ukungena cishe ngokushesha uma wonke amaphepha eseqediwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo kumele ibe nesitifiketi sokuhlala esisebenzayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ihlangabezana nezindinganiso eziphansi.
Ibhalansi enhle kanye nokuba khona kuyo yonke indawo
Ukuqaliswa kwalolu hlelo kuye kwahlangatshezwana nokwamukelwa okungalingani kuye ngendawo, njengoba kuvame ukwenzeka nganoma yini ehlobene nezindlu. Iningi lezentengiselwano, ezingaphezu kwengxenye, zigxile endaweni yedolobha laseBarcelona , ​​​​lapho amanani aphezulu kakhulu futhi ukonga kusengaphambili kunzima kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, izindawo ezifana nezifunda zaseGirona nasePenedès nazo zibhalise inani elihle lezicelo, okuqinisekisa ukuthi isidingo sezindlu sisabalele.
Amabhange ajoyine isivumelwano sokusiza ukubolekwa kwemali eyengeziwe yizikhungo ezihamba phambili ezweni, okuhlanganisa amagama afana neCaixaBank, Santander, Sabadell, kanye neBBVA , kanye nezinye izinyunyana zezikweletu kanye namabhange amancane okonga. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ababolekayo bangaqhathanisa okunikezwayo kwezindlu ezahlukene ngenkathi besazuza emalini mboleko ye-ICF yokukhokha imali yokuqala, okubanikeza ukuguquguquka okukhulu ekutholeni imali engcono kakhulu.
Ngokusho kwedatha yakamuva enikezwe uhulumeni, umfakisicelo ojwayelekile walolu sizo uneminyaka engaba ngu-29 ubudala, kanti imali mboleko eceliwe ivame ukuba cishe yi-€36.000 yokuthenga amafulethi ngentengo engaba yi-€190.000 . Njengoba kwandiswe umkhawulo weminyaka, lezi zibalo ezimaphakathi kulindeleke ukuthi zikhuphuke kancane, okubonisa ukufakwa kwabafakizicelo abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-35 no-40 ubudala abangase bafune izindlu noma izindawo ezinkulu kancane ezindaweni ezinamanani aphezulu kancane.
Lolu hlelo lunesabelomali saminyaka yonke esingu-€100 million, ngakho-ke kusenesikhathi esanele sokuba abantu abaningi abanentshisekelo bafake izicelo ngewebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-Catalan Finance Institute. Ekugcineni, umgomo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akekho okhishwa emakethe yezindlu ngenxa yokonga okwanele esimweni sentela ephezulu edla ingxenye enkulu yemali engenayo yanyanga zonke.
Lokhu kubuyekezwa kohlelo lokukhululwa kubonisa isinyathelo esiqhubekela phambili ekuvumelaniseni izinqubomgomo zomphakathi nobunzima bangempela abantu baseCatalan ababhekene nabo, okuvumela izinkulungwane zabantu abaneminyaka efinyelela kwengu-40 ubudala ukuthi banqobe isithiyo sokuqala sokukhokha. Ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwemali mboleko yenzalo engu-0%, ukufakwa kwezithasiselo ezifana namayunithi okugcina impahla, kanye namaphepha alula, ukufinyelela kubanikazi bezindlu kuyalingana kakhulu, futhi kusiza nokuvikela isitoko sezindlu zomphakathi esikhathini esizayo ngokunciphisa unomphela intengo yaso yokuthengisa kabusha.
