Imigwaqo yaseTehran kanye neminye imizi emikhulu eminingana yase-Iran isibe yindawo eyinhloko ye- ukuqhuma kokunganeliseki komphakathi ngokumelene nezindleko eziphakeme zokuphila kanye nokwehla kwamandla emali okukhuluLokho okwaqala njengokuvalwa kwezitolo emakethe enkulu yomakhalekhukhwini enhloko-dolobha, ezinsukwini ezintathu nje kuphela, sekuphenduke umkhankaso wokubhikisha ohilela abanikazi bezitolo, abafundi kanye neminye imikhakha yabantu.
Ezweni eliye lahlushwa iminyaka eminingi izigwebo ezinzima zamazwe ngamazwe kanye nemali ewela phansiUkulahlekelwa amandla okuthenga kushukumisele izinkulungwane zabantu ukuba zingene emigwaqweni. Imibhikisho, echazwa njengeyenzeka ngokungazelelwe, iphoqe uhulumeni wase-Iran ukuba asabele ngenhlanganisela yezimemezelo, izixwayiso, kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha ezengeziwe.
Abathengisi nabafundi, amandla ashukumisayo ngemuva kokunyakaza okwandayo
Umsuka oqondile wemibhikisho use- Imakethe yocingo enkulu kunazo zonke eTehranlapho abanikazi bezitolo abaningi banquma ukuvala iminyango yabo ngeSonto njengophawu lokubhikisha ngesimo sezomnotho. Ngosuku olulandelayo, ukuvalwa kwezitolo kanye nemibhikisho kwasakazekela kwezinye izindawo zezentengiselwano zenhloko-dolobha, kwakha isimo igagasi elikhulu kunawo wonke lemibhikisho yezomnotho kusukela ngo-2022.
Ngosuku lwesithathu, ukunyakaza kwathatha igxathu elibalulekile: Abafundi abavela emanyuvesi okungenani ayishumi ezweni lonke bahlanganyele emibhikishweniPhakathi kwamakhampasi ahilelekile kukhona izikhungo ezibhekwa njengezinye zezindawo ezidumile kakhulu e-Iran, njengeyunivesithi yaseTehran, eBeheshti, eSharif, e-Amir Kabir, eSayensi namasiko kanye neSayensi nobuchwepheshe, kanye ne-Isfahan University of Technology kanye nezinye izikhungo emadolobheni afana neYazd, eZanyan nase-Isfahan.
La makhampasi ezemfundo abhalisiwe imibuthano, imashi yangaphakathi, iziqubulo ezilwa nokwehla komnotho ngisho neziqubulo eziqondiswe ezikhulwini eziphakeme kakhulu ezweni. Ukuhlangana kwabathengisi nabafundi, amaqembu amabili anesisindo esikhulu esingokomfanekiso nesomlando kwezombusazwe zase-Iran, kuholele ekutheni Imibhikisho izwakala kakhulu ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwe-Iran.futhi ngokombono womphakathi waseYurophu.
Obunye ubufakazi obusakazwa abezindaba base-Iran bubonisa ukuthi Abahlanganyeli basola ukuntuleka kokusekelwa kwezepolitiki kanye nokungabikho kwezixazululo zangempela.Umninisitolo ocashunwe yiphephandaba i-Etemad ukhale ngokuthi akekho ophethe obonise ukukhathazeka ngokuthi izinga lokushintshaniswa kwedola lithinta kanjani izimpilo zabo, ethi baphoqelekile ukubhikisha ukuze bazwakale ngokunganeliseki kwabo.
Imibhikisho, okwamanje, igxile kakhulu ku- izindawo zezentengiselwano kanye neyunivesithi edolobheni laseTehranNakuba imibhikisho ibike nakwamanye amadolobha amakhulu. Emigwaqweni eminingi, lesi sigameko sibonakala sivamile kwezentengiselwano ekuseni, izitolo zivuliwe, kuyilapho ukungezwani kugxile ezindaweni ezithile eziqashwe ngamaphoyisa aqapha udlame.
Impendulo kahulumeni: izingcingo zokuxoxisana nokuqinisa ukuphepha
Ebhekene nobukhulu bokunganeliseki, umongameli wase-Iran, uMassoud Pezeshkian, ukhethe inkulumo ehlanganisa ukuvuma izikhalo nezithembiso zokuguqulwa komnothoNgenethiwekhi yokuxhumana nabantu i-X, umongameli uthe ucele uNgqongqoshe Wezangaphakathi ukuthi alalele "izidingo ezisemthethweni" zababhikishi futhi avule iziteshi zokuxoxisana nabameleli babo.
Umongameli ugcizelele ukuthi Ukuhlinzeka ngesondlo sabantu kuyinto abakhathazeka kakhulu ngayo nsuku zonke Uphinde wamemezela izinhlelo zokusebenzisa "izinyathelo eziyisisekelo" zokuguqula uhlelo lwezezimali nolwebhange. Okubaluleke kakhulu kuhulumeni, ngamazwi akhe, ukulondoloza amandla okuthenga ezakhamuzi nokulawula ukuguquguquka kwezezimali okunciphisa amaholo nokonga.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iziphathimandla zithumele Amayunithi okulawula udlame kanye nokulawula izibhelu emithanjeni emikhulu yaseTehran kanye nasezindaweni eziseduze namanyuvesi amaningana. Izithombe ezikhishwe ngabezindaba abasemthethweni nabamazwe ngamazwe zibonisa izikhulu ezigcawini ezimatasa kakhulu kanye nezindawo zokuhlola ezibonakalayo kwezinye izindawo zokungena ekhampasi.
Kwezinye izindawo, amabutho ezokuphepha asebenzise ukusetshenziswa kwegesi ekhala izinyembezi ukuhlakaza izixukuNgokusho kwamarekhodi ashicilelwe yinhlangano yezindaba kahulumeni iFars, ibhalansi phakathi komyalezo wokuvuleleka kanye nokucindezelwa kwamaphoyisa ibuthakathaka: ngenkathi uhulumeni ephikelela ekuzimiseleni kwakhe ukulalela, ababhikishi bayasola isimo sokwesabisa emgwaqweni.
USomlomo wePhalamende, uMohamad Bagher Ghalibaf, usevumile obala isidingo sokwamukela "izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokwandisa amandla okuthenga kwabantu"Kodwa-ke, waxwayisa nangengozi yokuthi imibhikisho isetshenziswe ukudala "isiphithiphithi," umyalezo ohambisana nenkulumo evamile yeziphathimandla zase-Iran, ezivame ukuthi ukuphazamiseka kwangaphakathi kubangelwa ukuphazanyiswa kwamandla angaphandle.
Ukwehla kwamandla emali okuhamba kancane kanye nokwehla kwemali
Isizinda semibhikisho singu- inkinga yezomnotho ejulile nehlala isikhathi esideI-Islamic Republic ibilokhu ibhekene nokwenyuka okukhulu kwentengo yezimpahla eziyisisekelo iminyaka eminingi, kodwa ezinyangeni zamuva nje isimo siye saba sibi kakhulu ngokushesha okukhulu. Izinhlangano ezisemthethweni zase-Iran zilinganisela ukuthi cishe Ukwenyuka kwamanani ngo-50-52% unyaka nonyaka ngoDisemba, kanye nokwanda okukhulu kokudla kanye nezimpahla ezibalulekile.
Izibalo ziyahlukahluka kuye ngomthombo, kodwa imibiko eminingana ikhombisa ukuthi Amanani okudla akhuphuke kakhulu ngaphezu kwesilinganiso nokuthi imikhiqizo yezempilo kanye nemithi nayo ibiza kakhulu. Umbono okhona emgwaqweni ungomunye wokwehla kwamandla emali ngokweqile, lapho Amanani angahluka usuku nosukuokwenza kube nzima noma yikuphi ukuhlela kwasekhaya noma kwebhizinisi.
Inkinga eyinhloko yindlela I-rial yase-Iran, eye yafinyelela ezimweni eziphansi ngokulandelana emlandweni uma iqhathaniswa nedola kanye ne-euro.Emakethe engekho emthethweni, imali yasendaweni ihwebe ngama-rial angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-1,4 ngedola kanye nama-euro acishe abe yizigidi ezingu-1,7, okungaphezu kakhulu kwamanani onyaka odlule. Lokhu kwehla kwentengo yezimpahla ezingenisiwe kuye kwakhuphula ngokuzumayo futhi kwabangela ukwanda kokwehla kwamandla emali.
Ukuguquguquka kungokungathi Abathengisi abaningi bakhethe ukumisa okwesikhashana ukuthengiselana kwaboNjengoba belinde ukucaca okukhulu ngesilinganiso sokushintshisana, abathengisi nabathengi bayanqikaza ukuvala amadili esimweni lapho ukulahlekelwa okungenzeka kungaba phezulu kakhulu emahoreni angama-24 kuphela, okuyinto eyenzeka kamuva. kukhubaza ingxenye yomsebenzi wezomnotho wangaphakathi.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwamaholo angami ndawonye, ukulahlekelwa yinani lokonga, kanye nokwenyuka kwentengo okungapheli kuye kwaphoqa imindeni namabhizinisi amancane ukuba afinyelele engcupheni. Ababhikishi abaningi baphikelela ukuthi Okubaluleke kakhulu akuseyona indlela yokuthuthukisa izinga lempilo yabo, kodwa nje ukufeza izidingo zabo.Lokhu kuyiqiniso eliphinde lizwakale ezingxoxweni zezepolitiki nezomnotho zaseYurophu lapho kuhlaziywa ukuzinza kwesifunda.
Izijeziso zomhlaba wonke, uhlelo lwenuzi kanye nomongo wesifunda
Inkinga yamanje ayinakuqondwa ngaphandle kohlaka lwe- Iminyaka eminingi yezinhlawulo zaseNtshonalanga kanye nokungezwani kwezepolitikiUmnotho wase-Iran ube ngaphansi kwemingcele yezezimali kanye neyezohwebo ecishe ibe unomphela, eye yaqiniswa noma yancishiswa kuye ngokuthuthuka kohlelo lwenuzi lwaseTehran kanye nobudlelwano bayo ne-United States kanye ne-European Union.
Ezinyangeni zakamuva, isimo sesiphinde saba nzima kakhulu ukubuyiselwa yiZizwe Ezihlangene kwezijeziso ezithile ezihlobene nohlelo lwenuzi lwase-IranLezi zinyathelo, ezazisuswe eminyakeni eyishumi ngaphambili, zengeza kulezo ezivele zibekwe amandla aseNtshonalanga futhi zihlukanisa izwe nezimakethe zomhlaba wonke.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuntuleka kwentuthuko ku- izingxoxo zenuzi ne-United States kanye namanye amandlaLokhu, kanye nokungezwani kwesifunda okuphawulwe yizinsongo phakathi kwe-Iran ne-Israel, kudale umphumela omkhulu wengqondo ezimakethe zendawo. Ukungaqiniseki ngezingxabano ezingaba khona noma izigameko ezintsha zokujeziswa yikho okudala isimo. indiza eya emalini eqinile kanye nokungathembi imali yezwe.
Uhulumeni wase-Iran ubeka ingxenye ebalulekile yalesi simo ngenxa yalesi simo sangaphandle, egcizelela ukuthi Izijeziso kanye nokucindezelwa ngamazwe ngamazwe kuyawucindezela umnothoKodwa-ke, amazwi agxekayo ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwezwe akhomba nokuphathwa kabi kwangaphakathi, inkohlakalo, ukuntuleka kokubonakala, kanye nokuthembela kumanethiwekhi abalamuli besifunda abachitha izinsiza.
Ku-EU kanye namazwe aseYurophu anobudlelwano obuseduze kakhulu ne-Iran, le mibhikisho iyavuselela ingxoxo ngokulinganisela phakathi kwengcindezi yezepolitiki kanye nezindlela zokuvula ingxoxoNgakolunye uhlangothi, iBrussels igcina izijeziso zohlelo lwenuzi kanye nokwephulwa kwamalungelo abantu; ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona ukukhathazeka ngomthelela wobuntu kanye nokwenzeka kokuthi ukungazinzi komnotho kungaholela ezigamekweni ezintsha zokucindezelwa kanye nokufuduka okuphoqelelwe.
Izinguquko eBhange Elikhulu kanye nombango wamandla ngaphakathi kwe-Iran
Phakathi nesiphepho sezomnotho nesenhlalo, uhulumeni umemezele izinguquko ezikhundleni ezibalulekile zenqubomgomo yezimaliEsinye sezinqumo ezibaluleke kakhulu ukuqokwa kuka-Abdolnasser Hemmati njengombusi omusha weBhange Elikhulu, isikhundla asevele esiphethe phakathi kuka-2018 no-2021, ngesikhathi esinye isikhathi sokwehla okukhulu kwenani le-rial.
UHemmati, oke waba nguNgqongqoshe Wezomnotho Nezezimali, Ubuyela phambili ngemuva kokuxoshwa yiPhalamende. ezinyangeni ezedlule, ngenxa yobuthakathaka bemali. Ukubuya kwakhe kuchazwa njengomzamo wegatsha eliphezulu wokubuyisa umuntu onolwazi ngezinkinga zemali, yize futhi kugcizelela ukungezwani kwangaphakathi mayelana nokuthi ubani okufanele athwale umthwalo wemfanelo wokwehla komnotho.
Ngaphakathi kwezomthetho, amanye amazwi acele "isijeziso esisheshayo salabo ababangela ukuguquguquka kwemali"Le ndlela ivula umnyango kokubili ophenyweni lwangaphakathi kanye nokusesha izisulu ngaphakathi kwemishini yezomnotho. Lolu hlobo lwemiyalezo lunezela esimweni sokucindezeleka kwabachwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe kanye nabaholi bebhizinisi, esimweni lapho Izinqumo zomnotho zinokuchazwa kwezepolitiki ngokushesha..
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubuholi bezepolitiki buzama ukukhombisa amandla kwamanye amazwe. Iziphathimandla zigcizelela ukuthi I-Iran izophendula ngokhahlo kunoma yiluphi uhlaselo.Ukugcina ingxoxo yokumelana ne-United States kanye ne-Israel, ngesikhathi esifanayo bezama ukuqinisa ubudlelwano nabalingani abafana neRussia noma abanye abadlali besifunda ukuze bagweme eminye yemikhawulo yezezimali.
Lesi senzo sokulinganisela—ukuvuleleka okukhulumayo ezidingweni zomphakathi, izinguquko eqenjini lezomnotho, kanye nemiyalezo yokungalaleli enkundleni yamazwe ngamazwe—sibonisa izinga Uhulumeni ufuna ukuvimba umbhikisho ngaphandle kokulahla ukulawula kwezepolitiki.Umphumela waleli qhinga uzoba yisihluthulelo ekunqumeni ukuthi ngabe ukuhlanganiswa kwabantu kuyaphela, kuyaguquka kube ukunyakaza okubanzi, noma kuholele egagasini elisha lokucindezelwa.
Ukuqubuka kwemibhikisho e-Iran ngenxa izindleko eziphakeme zokuphila, ukwehla kwamandla emali kanye nokuwa kwe-rial Kuhlanganisa umthelela weminyaka yezijeziso, izinqumo zomnotho eziphikisanayo, kanye nokwanda kokungezwani kwezepolitiki. Abanikazi bamabhizinisi nabafundi babhekane nokunganeliseki okuhlala isikhathi eside, kuyilapho uhulumeni ezama ukulinganisela izicelo zokuxoxisana, izinguquko eziphezulu kwikhabhinethi yezomnotho, kanye nokuthunyelwa kwezokuphepha. Okwenzekayo emasontweni azayo kuzobhekwa eduze eYurophu, lapho Ukuzinza kwe-Iran kanye nendawo yayo yesifunda kubhekwa njengento ebalulekile yokuphepha, amandla, kanye nokuphathwa kwezinkinga zokufuduka esikhathini esizayo..
