Ukusebenza kwezimakethe zezimali phakathi nengxenye yokuqala yalo nyaka akunakubhekwa njengokwanelisayo ngezintshisekelo zokutshalwa kwezimali zabagcini bezimali abancane nabaphakathi. Izimakethe zinokungabaza okuningi kakhulu kangangokuthi imali egciniwe ayizizwa iphephile, okungenani emasheya. Lokhu kuholele ekungaqiniseki phakathi kwabagcini bezimali, abangaqiniseki ukuthi baqondise kuphi imali yabo egciniwe, okungenani esikhathini esifushane.
Izinketho ezitholakalayo njengamanje aziningi impela, njengoba kungenzeka ukuthi uyaqaphela esimweni sakho. Futhi imbuyiselo yemali engenayo engaguquki ayihlangabezani nokulindelekile , ize ibeke ngisho nengozi enkulu ekulondolozweni kwengcebo. Yilapho-ke kuba khona ukubaluleka kokucabangela ukuthi uzotshala kuphi futhi uthole imbuyiselo ethile. Lesi sihloko sizokwethula iziphakamiso ezifanele kakhulu zokufeza lo mgomo, kodwa ngokuqinisekile ngeke kube lula.
Ukuhlanganisa inzuzo nokuvikela ukonga kuzoba yinselele enkulu kunaseminyakeni edlule. Kuzodinga ukuzinikela okukhulu nokuhlonza amathuba ebhizinisi njengoba evela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzodinga umzamo owengeziwe kuwe ukuthola imikhiqizo yezezimali engcono kakhulu etholakalayo. Eminingi iyatholakala, kodwa embalwa kuphela edinga ukunakwa kwakho uma ufuna ukwandisa imbuyiselo yakho yokonga. Uma kukhona into eyodwa abahlaziyi abangochwepheshe abavumelana ngayo, ukuthi kusukela manje kuqhubeke, kuzodingeka ukhethe kakhulu.
Ufuna inzuzo ekutshalweni kwemali
Phakathi kwamasu okutshala imali afaneleka kakhulu kulesi sikhathi sokungaqiniseki, lawo ahloselwe ukufeza imbuyiselo esheshayo ekutshalweni kwemali ayagqama. Lawa amasu angasebenza kahle kuzo zonke izimo ezingaba khona , ngaphandle kwemingcele. Lokhu akusebenzi nje kuphela ezikhathini zokwanda kodwa futhi nasekuwohlokeni komnotho, nakunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwemakethe, kufaka phakathi amasheya. Le ndlela ibhekwa njengenye yamasu athakazelisayo futhi anenzuzo kakhulu ongawasebenzisa njengamanje.
Kodwa-ke kuza ingxenye enzima kakhulu: ukuhlonza ukuthi yimiphi imikhiqizo enalezi zici ezichazwe kahle. Phakathi kwazo, okufanele kakhulu leli cebo lokutshala imali ngokungangabazeki yizimali zokubuyisa eziphelele . Inzuzo yazo isezinhlotsheni eziningi zeminikelo yazo, okukuvumela ukuthi ukhethe kumamodeli amaningi anenani elihlukile lokutshalwa kwezimali, kuye ngephrofayili yakho yabatshalizimali: abagcina imithetho, abaphakathi, noma abanolaka.
Lesi siphakamiso sibonakala ngenhloso yaso yokwenza inzuzo kuzo zonke izimo zomnotho wamazwe omhlaba, ngisho nalapho izimakethe zamasheya ziwa kakhulu . Ezimweni eziningi, sisebenza njengendawo ephephile yabatshalizimali abavikela kakhulu emakethe. Ngokuqinisekile awukwazi ukulindela imbuyiselo ephezulu kakhulu kubo, kodwa okungenani bazokunikeza ithuba lokuvikela imali yakho ekongeni emikhiqizweni enamandla kakhulu.
Uma ukhetha le ndlela yokutshala imali, ungalindela imbuyiselo yonyaka ephakathi kuka-3% no-6%, ephakeme kunaleyo enikezwa yimikhiqizo yokonga eyinhloko (idiphozithi, amanothi esithembiso, amabhondi, njll.). Kodwa-ke, imbuyiselo ayiqinisekisiwe futhi izoncika futhi kumodeli ethile yokutshala imali ekhethiwe. Ingomunye wemikhiqizo enikeza ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu ngaphansi kwezimo zamanje zemakethe.
Cishe bonke abaphathi bezimpahla banikeza umkhiqizo walolu hlobo, futhi umehluko phakathi kwabo usezimpahleni zezimali ezifakwe kumaphothifoliyo abo okutshalwa kwezimali. Ungabheka nezinketho eziphephile kakhulu, yize imbuyiselo cishe izoba ngaphansi futhi ilinganiselwe kakhulu . Noma kunjalo, kufanele ifakwe kuphothifoliyo yakho yokutshalwa kwezimali ngenxa yalezi zizathu. Eqinisweni, zingase zibe inketho engenakuphikwa ezimweni zamanje zemakethe yezezimali.
Imikhiqizo yasebhange enezimali
Imikhiqizo yokonga okwamanje ayiboni isikhathi sayo esihle kakhulu ngokwembuyiselo, hhayi ngebanga elide. Lokhu kwandiswa iqiniso lokuthi imali yakho yokonga ingaboshwa isikhathi eside ngenxa yezikhathi zokutshala imali ezincane ezinikezwa yile mikhiqizo. Kuzodingeka ulinde kuze kube yisikhathi sokuvuthwa ukuze uthole iminikelo yakho. Uma ubheka lesi simo, ikhambi eliwusizo kakhulu nelisebenzayo ukukhetha imikhiqizo yasebhange enikeza ukuphepha okukhulu, ikakhulukazi, ukugcinwa kwemali kwezimali zakho zokonga.
Kulokhu, enye indlela yokusebenzisa leli cebo iwukusebenzisa ama-akhawunti amanje anikeza imbuyiselo ephezulu. Lawa angakhethwa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Uhlobo lokuqala yi-akhawunti enenzuzo ephezulu , enembuyiselo ecishe ibe ngu-1,50%, futhi azikho izidingo zokuthola le nsizakalo. Nakuba amabhange enganikezi eziningi zalezi, uzoba nezinketho ezingaphezu kweyodwa emakethe yamanje ukukusiza ukufeza imigomo yakho ngaphandle kokuthatha noma yiziphi izingozi.
Enye inketho ivela kuma-akhawunti, yize enganikeli ngembuyiselo yemali ekhangayo, okungenani akusiza ukuphatha ezinye izindleko zasekhaya. Lokhu bakwenza ngokukubuyisela imali encane ezikweletini zakho eziyinhloko zikagesi (ugesi, amanzi, igesi, njll.) . Udinga nje ukusetha ama-debit aqondile alawa ma-bill ukuze ufinyelele le mikhiqizo, futhi lezi zaphulelo zizofakwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ku-akhawunti yakho, zize zisize ekunciphiseni ukwenyuka kwentengo yale mithombo yamandla.
Futhi kokunye, ukuthola uchungechunge lwezephulelo ekuthengeni ongakwenza, ikakhulukazi kumasevisi ezokuvakasha, ukusetshenziswa, ukudla, njll. Futhi lokho kuzokusiza ukuthi uhlele kangcono isabelomali onaso inyanga ngayinye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lawa ma-akhawunti athuthukiswe mahhala kunoma iyiphi ikhomishini, nezinye izindleko ekuphathweni noma ekugcineni. Ukuba ngomunye wemikhiqizo enenzuzo enkulu ukubhekana nayo ezinyangeni ezizayo, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuqedwa kwalezi zindleko ku-akhawunti yakho.
Thola amathuba ebhizinisi
Izimakethe zezimali zihlala zinikeza izindlela ezihlukile zokwenza imali yakho ikhule kakhulu kuneminye imikhiqizo. Kufanele nje uzithole bese uzama ukusizakala ngokuhamba kwazo. Njengamanje, elinye lamathuba anjalo lisentengo kawoyela. Kuthuthukisa umkhuba okhulayo onamandla ongawuthatha ufike ku-$60 ibhareli , njengoba abahlaziyi abaphambili emakethe kawoyela ongahluziwe bexwayisa. Futhi manje kungenzeka ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokuthatha izikhundla.
Uma ufuna ukusizakala ngalezi zinguquko zemakethe, ungase ucabangele ukutshala imali kwenye yezinkampani zikawoyela ezisohlwini lwe-stock exchange. Isibonelo, i-Repsol, enenzuzo yesabelo esingaba ngu-8%, ingavikela ukonga kwakho phakathi nezimo zemakethe ezimbi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ukuze uthole ukuphepha okukhulu, izimali zokutshalwa kwezimali ezisekelwe kule mpahla yezezimali zingcono kakhulu. Lezi zingagcwaliswa ngezinye izimali ezingenayo imali ehleliwe , okwenza ukuvezwa kwakho emakethe kungabi nolaka.
Okokugcina, kunezikhwama ezihwebelana ngokushintshana (ama-ETF ). Lezi zihlanganisa ukuthenga nokuthengisa amasheya emakethe yamasheya nezikhwama zokutshalwa kwezimali. Zingumkhiqizo oguquguqukayo onenzuzo enkulu yezimali ezincintisanayo kuneminye imikhiqizo yezezimali. Futhi kunoma yikuphi, zingaba yisisombululo sezinselele zakho zokutshalwa kwezimali zamanje.
Amanye amathuba ebhizinisi angavela kwezinye izimpahla zezimali ezijeziswe kanzima ezinyangeni zamuva nje, njengezimpahla, ngaphezu kwazo zonke ezinye. Futhi kuzohlala kukhona inketho yokutshala imali egolideni , indawo ephephile yokugcina. Ibilokhu ithuthukisa ukuthambekela okuphakeme okungenaphutha kusukela ekuqaleni konyaka, futhi abatshalizimali abaningi babuyele kuyo ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamathuba kwezinye izimakethe zezimali, kufaka phakathi amasheya.
Igolide liphinde lifeze okulindelwe ngabatshalizimali abakhulu. Labo abatshale imali kule nsimbi eyigugu babone ukonga kwabo kukhula kakhulu, kudlula u-35%. Kunezindlela ezahlukene zokutshala imali egolideni: amasheya, izimali zokutshala imali kanye nama-ETF, amabha egolide, njll., ahlala ehlelwe ngokwephrofayili yakho yengozi yomuntu ngamunye ukuze avumelane nalolu tshalomali oluyingqayizivele.
Okokugcina, kukhona enye inketho emikhakheni engenza kangcono ezimweni zomnotho ezimbi kakhulu . Lena imikhakha yokuzivikela kakhulu: amandla, ugesi, kanye nokudla. Futhi inikeza isikhuthazo esibalulekile sezabelo ezinkulu kakhulu emakethe yamasheya, ngenzuzo eseduze kakhulu no-5%. Lokhu kuyakhanga kakhulu abalondolozi abalondolozayo ngezikhathi zobunzima bemakethe yamasheya.
Amanye amathiphu wokubhekana nokutshalwa kwemali
Ukukusiza ukuthuthukisa lo msebenzi, ngeke ulimale nakancane uma ungenisa uchungechunge lwezincomo ezilula ezizosiza kakhulu ezimweni zamanje zezimakethe zezimali. Futhi lokho kuzosuselwa kulayini wokusebenza olandelayo.
- Musa ukujaha ukutshala imali, ngoba kuzoba yimakethe uqobo ezokunikeza okhiye bokungena.
- Sesha amafa noma imikhakha baziphatha kangcono Ngezinyanga zokugcina.
- Nciphisa ukusebenza kwakho, futhi ungatshali yonke imali onayo yokwenza imisebenzi.
- Zama ukusesha amamodeli ahlukile ezinikeza impendulo engcono kunezimali ezivamile.
- Ungagxili yonke imali oyongile kumkhiqizo ofanayo, kepha kuzoba ngcono kakhulu kune hlukanisa kube eziningana, ngisho nasezimalini ezehlukene zezezimali.
- Ungacabangi ukuthi amanani entengo ashibhile, ngoba basengawa ngaphezulu, futhi ngenxa yalokho, zithole ngamanani asikisela ngokwengeziwe.
- Ekugcineni, khombisa ukuqaphela okuthile ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho uzothatha izikhundla kuhlobo oluthile lotshalo-mali, njengecebo lokuvikela okonga impilo yakho.