Ukuqasha amakamelo akusekho ikhambi lesikhashana kubafundi noma izisebenzi ezisanda kufika futhi sekuyindlela evamile yokuhlala emadolobheni amaningi aseSpain. Uhulumeni uvumile isethi yemithetho egxile kulo mkhuba wokuvimbela ukuhlukanisa ifulethi libe amakamelo ukuthi lingasetshenziswa ukugwema imingcele yokuqasha yonke indawo.
Lo mthetho uwela ngaphansi kwemithetho yezindlu yokuqasha evunyelwene ngayo yi-PSOE kanye ne-Sumar amaqembu futhi uza ngemuva kwezinyanga zokuxoxisana, nokungabaza okuphathelene nokusetshenziswa kwawo okusebenzayo kanye nokuhambisana kwawo namandla esifunda. Umthetho oyinhloko washicilelwa kwi-Official State Gazette (BOE), futhi ukuvunyelwa kwawo yiphalamende kusalindile, yize izinyathelo eziningana sezivele zithinta imakethe. Inhloso ukuvala izikhala zomthetho ngaphandle kokuvimbela ukuqashwa kwamakamelo.
Yiziphi izinguquko ekuqashweni kwamakamelo?
Lolu shintsho luhlanganisa, okokuqala, ukuqashwa okungaphelele kwamakamelo namafulethi ngaphakathi koMthetho Wokuqashisa Kwasemadolobheni. Ngaphambilini, lezi zinkontileka zazingaphansi kweKhodi Yomphakathi eguquguqukayo, eyayivumela indawo ukuthi ihlukaniswe ibe yizindawo eziningana zokuqasha ngaphandle kokulawulwa yiziqinisekiso zomthetho ezifanayo. Manje, uMthetho Wokuqashisa Kwasemadolobheni usebenza nasemakamelweni.
Iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu umkhawulo wezomnotho. Uma indawo iqashwa ngamakamelo noma amayunithi ngesikhathi esisodwa, intela iyonke ayikwazi ukudlula izindleko zokuqasha yonke impahla. Ezindaweni eziqokwe njengezinemakethe yezindlu eqinile, leli nani kumele futhi lihambisane nenkomba yentengo yereferensi yesifundazwe. Intela ayikwazi ukukhokhiswa amakamelo noma amayunithi ngamanye ngesilinganiso esiphezulu kunefulethi lonke.
Lo mthethonqubo uhlose futhi ukuvimbela ukuhlukaniswa kwempahla ukuthi isetshenziselwe ukukhulisa imali engenayo yanyanga zonke. Izivumelwano zokuqasha amakamelo zingaphansi kweziqinisekiso ezijwayelekile zokuqasha izindawo zokuhlala, njengediphozithi yezokuphepha kanye nemikhawulo yamanani lapho kufanele khona. Lokhu kuhlose ukuveza umkhuba owawukhule ngaphandle kohlaka lomthetho.
Izinkontileka zesikhashana: ukulawula okwengeziwe kanye nokukhwabanisa okuncane
Ukulawulwa kwamakamelo kuhlotshaniswa nemithetho eqinile ezinkontilekeni zesizini. Lokhu kuqashwa kumele kusekelwe esizathwini sangempela nesiqinisekisiwe, njengokubhaliswa eyunivesithi, ukufuduka emsebenzini, noma isidingo esithile sendlu yesikhashana. Ukumane ubhale inkontileka njengeyesikhashana ngeke kwanele. Isizathu kumele sichazwe ngokucacile futhi siqinisekiswe.
Isikhathi esincane sizoba ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezingu-31 futhi, njengomthetho ojwayelekile, asikwazi ukudlula izinyanga ezingu-12. Uma isizathu sesikhashana singasekho noma inkontileka yelulwa ngaphandle kwesizathu, izobhekwa njengesivumelwano sokuqashisa indawo yokuhlala eyinhloko, kanye nokuvikelwa okusemthethweni okuhambisanayo. Inkontileka yesikhashana engafaneleki kahle ekugcineni izophathwa njengendawo yokuhlala eyinhloko.
Indlela yokulwa nokuhlanganiswa kwezinkontileka nayo iyethulwa. Izinkontileka zesikhashana azikwazi ukwelulwa noma ukuphindwa unomphela; uma imikhawulo emisiwe isidluliwe, zibhekwa njengezivumelwano zokuqasha ezijwayelekile. Izandiso zinqunyelwe, futhi izibuyekezo zamanani zixhunywe ku-IRAV (Real Estate Housing Index). Ukuvuselelwa kwesizini okungapheli akuvunyelwe.
Lo mbhalo uphinde ucacise ukuthi ukuqasha igumbi akwenzi ukuhlala kube okwesikhashana ngokuzenzakalelayo. Othile angase adinge igumbi izinyanga ezimbalwa ngenxa yokufuduka okuthile, kanti omunye umuntu angase ahlale lapho unomphela ngoba engenakukwazi ukukhokhela ifulethi eligcwele. Inhloso eshiwo yesivumelwano sokuqasha kumele ihambisane nokusetshenziswa kwangempela kwegumbi.
Kwenzekani ezinkontilekeni esezisayiniwe kanye nasezifundeni ezizimele?
Ezinkontilekeni esezisayiniwe kakade, ukusetshenziswa kwemithetho emisha kuzoncika emigomeni yenkontileka kanye nosuku lokuvuselelwa. Izinkontileka zesizini edlule zizoqhubeka nokulawulwa yimithetho yangaphambilini kuze kube yilapho isikhathi sazo esivunyelwene ngaso siphela, ngemuva kwalokho ukuvuselelwa kuzobe kuncike emithethweni emisha. Usuku lokusayina lunquma amalungelo nezibopho.
Umthetho kazwelonke uhlanganisa ukuvikela amandla esifunda. Izimiso zawo mayelana nokuqashwa kwesikhashana kanye namakamelo ngeke zivimbele izifunda ekusebenziseni imithetho yazo. I-Catalonia, enomthetho wayo wezomphakathi, ikhulunywa ngokucacile, okungaholela ekungezwani kwesifunda. I-Catalonia igcina imithetho yayo.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iphakheji ihlanganisa izinyathelo zentela ezindlini zabavakashi kanye nezindawo zokuqasha zesikhashana. Izindawo zokuhlala ezithile zabavakashi zizokhokhiswa izinga le-VAT elingu-10%, njengengxenye yochungechunge lwezinguquko ezihlose ukulawula imakethe yokuhlala isikhashana. Izilawuli zifinyelela kubalamuli kanye nezindawo zokuhlala zesikhashana.
Ezinye izinguquko kuphakheji yezindlu
Lesi sinqumo sihlanganisa nokwelulwa kwezinkontileka kanye nokuncishiswa kwentela kwabaqashi. Lezi zinyathelo zihlose ukunciphisa ingcindezi emindenini kanye nokuhambisana nokulawulwa kokuqashwa kwamakamelo. Izindlu zibhekwa njengenkinga yomhlaba wonke.
Ezinye izinhlelo zifaka phakathi izibonelelo kanye nemali mboleko yabathengi bezindlu bokuqala , kanye nokuvikelwa ekuxoshweni kwabantu abasengozini. Uma kungekho ezinye izindlu ezikhona, izinqubo zokususwa zingase zimiswe ezimweni ezithile. Iphakheji ihlanganisa imikhawulo yamanani kanye nezinyathelo zomphakathi.
Lo mthetho awusho ukuthi wonke amakamelo azokwehla ngokuzenzakalelayo ngentengo. Kuzoncika ekutheni imikhawulo isetshenziswa kanjani, ukuthi impahla isendaweni efunwa kakhulu, nokuthi inkontileka intsha noma iyavuselelwa yini. Futhi ayiguquli ngokuzenzakalelayo noma iyiphi inkontileka yesikhashana ibe ehlala njalo. Umphumela wangempela uzoncika esimweni ngasinye esithile.
Uhlaka olusha lokuqasha amakamelo luhlanganisa ukufakwa kuMthetho Wokuqasha Amadolobha (i-LAU), umkhawulo ovimbela abaqashi ukuthi bakhokhise imali eningi ngamakamelo ngamanye kunasefulethini lonke, kanye nokulawula okuqinile ezinkontilekeni zesikhashana. Ezindaweni ezifunwa kakhulu, kunezelwa imikhawulo yamanani, futhi iphakheji ihlanganisa nezinyathelo eziphathelene nokwandiswa, ukuxoshwa, kanye namafulethi ezivakashi. Nakuba eminye imininingwane isazophothulwa futhi kukhona umehluko phakathi kwezifunda, inhloso ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuqasha indawo ngezingxenye akuseyona inzuzo kakhulu kunokuyiqasha iyonke.
