Izikweletu zingaba umthwalo okhula kakhulu nsuku zonke : ibhalansi yamakhadi esikweletu ekhuphukayo , izimali mboleko zomuntu siqu ezihambisanayo, izinkokhelo ezidlulelwe yisikhathi, kanye nezingcingo zokuqoqa imali njalo. Ukubanjwa kulo mjikelezo kulula kakhulu, kodwa ukuphuma ngaphandle kohlelo olucacile kuvame ukuba yindaba ehlukile. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi kunezindlela ezisebenzayo namathuluzi asemthethweni anamandla okunciphisa, ukuhlela, ngisho nokususa ingxenye ebalulekile yalezi zibopho.
ESpain, sinenhlanganisela yamasu ezezimali ajwayelekile kanye nezindlela zomthetho zesimanje , njengendlela ye-cascade, indlela ye-avalanche, izicelo zenzalo eningi, futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, uMthetho Wethuba Lesibili kanye nenzuzo yokuxolelwa kwezikweletu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinketho ezithile zokubhekana nezikweletu ezikhungweni zezimali ezingezona ezasebhange, ukususwa ezinhlanganweni zokubika ngesikweletu njenge-ASNEF , kanye nokuphatha izikweletu zomphakathi ne-Tax Agency kanye ne-Social Security. Konke lokhu kwakha "indlela yokukhansela isikweletu ngqo" yangempela uma ihlelwe ngokuhlakanipha.
Iyini ngempela indlela yokukhansela isikweletu ngqo?
Uma sikhuluma ngokukhanselwa kwesikweletu ngqo, sibhekisela kusethi yezenzo ezihleliwe zokunciphisa nokuqeda izibopho zezimali ngendlela ehlelekile, ngaphandle kokuthatha imali mboleko eyodwa ukuze ukhokhe enye. Akuyona ikhambi eliyisimangaliso, kodwa kunalokho inhlanganisela yamasu okukhokha, izingxoxo, kanye, uma kudingeka, nezinqubo zomthetho ezikuvumela ukuthi uphule umjikelezo wesikweletu.
Le ndlela ihlanganisa amasu ezezimali azimele kanye nezindlela zomthetho . Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunezindlela zokukhokha ezifana nendlela ye-debt snowball noma indlela ye-avalanche, evumela ukuthi izikweletu zikhokhwe ngayinye ngendlela enengqondo nehambisanayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umthetho waseSpain unikeza amathuluzi afana noMthetho Wethuba Lesibili, ukuqedwa kwezikweletu ezinganelisekile, kanye nezinqubo zokungakwazi ukukhokha ukuze kuhlelwe kabusha noma kukhanselwe ngokuphelele imali mboleko, amakhadi esikweletu, kanye nemigqa yesikweletu lapho izinkokhelo eziqhubekayo zingasasebenzi.
Isihluthulelo sisekuhlukaniseni labo abangakhokhi ngoba bengafuni nalabo abangakhokhi ngoba bengenakukwazi . Umthetho waseSpain, osekelwe ezimisweni ezifana nokwethembeka ezinkontilekeni, uhlukanisa ngokusobala phakathi kwalezi zimo. Labo abahluleka ukukhokha ngokuzumayo (ngenxa yokulahlekelwa umsebenzi, ukwehla kwemali engenayo, ukuvalwa kwebhizinisi, njll.) banelungelo lokufuna ikhambi elihlelekile, futhi ezimweni eziningi, ukuxazulula izikweletu zabo ngokuphelele.
Indlela eqondile nephumelelayo yokukhansela izikweletu ivame ukulandela ukulandelana okunengqondo : okokuqala, hlaziya isimo; bese usebenzisa amasu okukhokha nokuxoxisana; futhi, uma lokhu kunganele, sebenzisa izindlela zomthetho zokukhulula izikweletu. Konke lokhu kuhambisana neseluleko sochwepheshe lapho icala liba nzima (isibonelo, uma kuhileleke ikhaya, kukhona abaqinisekisi, noma izikweletu zomphakathi ezibalulekile).
Indlela ye-Cascade kanye nendlela ye-avalanche: uku-oda izinkokhelo zesikweletu
Ngaphambi kokucabangela izinqubo zomthetho, kuyalulekwa ukuhlola amasu okukhokha asebenza kahle kakhulu , okuhlanganisa nokuhlanganisa izikweletu . Ezimbili ezisetshenziswa kakhulu indlela ye-waterfall (eyaziwa nangokuthi indlela ye-debt snowball) kanye nendlela ye-avalanche. Nakuba zinesimiso esifanayo—ukukhokha izikweletu ngasinye ngenkathi zigcina izinkokhelo ezincane kwabanye—uhlelo lokubeka izinto kuqala luyahluka.
Indlela yokuwa ihilela ukugxila kuqala esikweletini esincane kakhulu , kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inzalo ingakanani. Inqubo evamile yile: wenza uhlu lwazo zonke izikweletu zakho, uzi-ode kusukela kwesincane kuya kwesinkulu kakhulu, bese ukhokha okungenani kuzo zonke ngaphandle kwesincane kakhulu, lapho ubeka khona yonke imali eyengeziwe ongayenza. Uma leso sikweletu sokuqala sesikhokhiwe, usebenzisa inani elikhululiwe ukwandisa inkokhelo kwesilandelayo, njalo njalo.
Inzuzo eyinhloko yendlela ye-waterfall ingokwengqondo : uqala ukunqamula izikweletu ngokushesha okukhulu, okudala umuzwa wentuthuko futhi kukukhuthaze ukuthi uqhubeke. Isikweletu ngasinye esikhokhiwe sikhulula ukugeleza kwemali, okube sekusetshenziswa ukukhokha esilandelayo ohlwini. Izibopho ziwela njenge-waterfall, futhi yize kungeyona njalo inketho engcono ngokwezibalo, kubantu abaningi iyindlela eqhubekayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngoba igcina isisusa siphezulu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, indlela ye-avalanche ibeka phambili inzuzo yezezimali . Esikhundleni sokugxila ebhalansini engakhokhiwe, uhlela izikweletu zakho ngesilinganiso senzalo, kusukela kwesikhulu kuya kwesikhulu. Ukhokha okungenani kuzo zonke bese ugxila imizamo yakho yokukhokha kusenesikhathi kuleyo enesilinganiso senzalo esiphezulu (ngokuvamile amakhadi esikweletu ajikelezayo, izimali mboleko zosuku lokukhokha, noma izimali mboleko ezithile zabathengi).
Le ndlela ikusindisa imali eningi ngenzalo , yize kungathatha isikhathi eside ukubona izikweletu zakho zikhokhwe ngokuphelele. Kunconywa kakhulu uma unemalimboleko eminingana ene-APR ephezulu kakhulu, ngoba ukunciphisa lezo bhalansi kuqala kuvimbela inzalo ukuthi iqhubeke ikhula. Abanye ochwepheshe baze batuse ikhambi elixubile: ukukhokha noma yisiphi isikweletu ngenzalo engaphezu kuka-10% kuqala, bese usebenzisa indlela yokunciphisa inzalo.
Imininingwane ebalulekile ukuthi izimali mboleko zezindlu ngokuvamile azifakwa kulezi zindlela . Zivame ukuba yizikweletu zesikhathi eside kakhulu ezinezinga lenzalo eliphakathi, ngakho ezimweni eziningi kungcono kakhulu ukwabela imali eyengeziwe ekutshaleni imali noma ekukhokheni ezinye izikweletu ezibiza kakhulu ngaphambi kokukhokha imali mboleko yezindlu kusengaphambili.
Ukukhanselwa kwezikweletu eSpain: uhlaka lwezomthetho kanye nezinketho ezitholakalayo
Uma izinkokhelo zezikweletu zingase zingakwazi ukukhokhelwa ngisho nangezinhlelo zokukhokha izikweletu ezincishisiwe noma ezincishisiwe , isici sezomthetho siyaqala ukusebenza. ESpain, ukukhanselwa kwezikweletu kulawulwa kakhulu nge-Consolidated Text of the Insolvency Law kanye ne-Second Chance Law eyaziwayo, eyenzelwe abantu ngabanye kanye nabantu abazisebenzayo.
Ukukhanselwa kwesikweletu, uma sikhuluma iqiniso, kusho ukukhululwa kancane noma ngokuphelele ezibophweni . Asikhulumi ngokuhlehliswa okulula noma ukuphinda uxhaswe, kodwa inqubo lapho ijaji lingamemezela khona ukuthi okweletayo akasabophekile ukukhokha izikweletu ezithile ngoba ukwehluleka kwakhe ukukhokha izikweletu kuyakuvumela lokho.
Le ndlela isebenza ngenzuzo ye-Unsatisfied Liability Exoneration (EPI) . Kalula nje, yisinqumo senkantolo esithethelela izikweletu ezingenakukhokhwa ngemva kokusebenzisa zonke izimpahla kanye nezinketho zokukhokha ezifanele. Sithinta ngqo imali mboleko yomuntu siqu, amakhadi esikweletu, imali mboleko yosuku lokukhokha, kanye nengxenye enkulu yezikweletu ezikweletwa izikhungo zezimali.
Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke izikweletu ezifanelekela ukukhishwa, futhi kuzo zonke izimo . Izikweletu ezithile zomphakathi (intela, ukuphepha komphakathi) noma lezo ezivela ezinhlawulweni kanye nesinxephezelo sobugebengu ziphathwa ngendlela ethile, futhi yize kunendawo ekhulayo yokukhanselwa kwengxenye, kusenemikhawulo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuhlaziya uhlobo lwesikweletu ngaphambi kokuqala inqubo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubo ayizenzakalelayo futhi ayisheshi . Ihilela ukuqoqa amadokhumenti ezezimali (imali engenayo, izindleko, izimpahla, izikweletu), ukuhlola ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuxazululwa ngaphandle kwenkantolo, futhi uma kungenjalo, ukufaka isicelo sokuqothuka. Inqubo ivame ukuhlala phakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-6 neziyi-18, kuye ngobunzima becala kanye nomsebenzi wezinkantolo.
Umthetho Wethuba Lesibili: nini futhi kanjani ukuvumela ukuthi ukhansele izikweletu
UMthetho Wethuba Lesibili usuphenduke indawo enkulu yokuguquka kwabakweletayo abenza ngokwethembeka abangasakwazi ukufeza izibopho zabo. Ifilosofi yawo icacile: ukuvumela abantu ngabanye kanye nabantu abazisebenzayo ababhekene nezinkinga zezimali ukuthi baqale phansi ngaphandle kokuthwala umthwalo ongapheli.
Ukuze ufanelekele lo mthetho, kufanele uhlangabezane nochungechunge lwezidingo ezinhle . Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukungenzi noma yiluphi ubugebengu bezomnotho eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, ukungazitholi izikweletu ngokukhwabanisa, ukungafihli impahla, nokuba sesimweni sangempela sokwehluleka ukukhokha izikweletu (manje noma maduze). Kukhona nemikhawulo ekusetshenzisweni okuphindaphindiwe: awukwazi ukusebenzisa le ndlela njalo eminyakeni embalwa njengokungathi umkhuba ojwayelekile.
Inqubo yendabuko yayihlanganisa isigaba sokuqala sokuzama isivumelwano sokukhokha ngaphandle kwenkantolo , lapho kwenziwa imizamo yokuxoxisana ngemigomo yokukhokha, ukuncishiswa, kanye nemibandela nababolekisi abangaphandle kwenkantolo. Izinguquko zakamuva ziye zanciphisa lesi sidingo, futhi kwezinye izimo, kungenzeka ukuqhubeka ngqo nezinqubo zokwehluleka ukukhokha, okwenza kube lula futhi kusheshiswe inqubo.
Uma izinqubo zokwehluleka ukukhokha seziqalile, izimpahla zomuntu okweletayo kanye nekhono lakhe lokukhokha kuyahlaziywa . Isigaba sokuqeda isivumelwano singase siqalwe, lapho izimpahla ezingavikelekile zithengiswa khona ukuze kukhokhwe isikweletu esiningi ngangokunokwenzeka, noma uhlelo lokukhokha lungavunyelwa oluchaza ukuthi izikweletu ezithile zizoxazululwa kanjani eminyakeni eminingana. Ngemva kokuba lesi sigaba sesiqediwe, inkantolo icelwa ukuthi inikeze i-EPI (Exemption from Insolvency Provision) ukuze kukhishwe noma yiziphi izikweletu ezinganelisekile ezisele.
Omunye wemiphumela enamandla kakhulu yoMthetho Wethuba Lesibili ukuthi uvumela ukukhanselwa kwezikweletu emabhange, ezinkampanini zezimali, namakhadi esikweletu , kufaka phakathi inzalo eyinhloko neyaqongelelwe, lapho kubonakaliswa ukungakwazi ukukhokha okuqondile. Ngakho-ke izinkulungwane zabantu zikwazile ukuqeda izimali mboleko zomuntu siqu, imigqa yesikweletu, izimali mboleko ezincane, kanye nezikweletu ezinkampanini ezingezona ezebhange.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inqubo idala imiphumela emibi ebalulekile : izinqubo eziningi zokuthathwa kwempahla ziyamiswa, izicelo zombolekisi ziyavalwa noma ziyancishiswa, futhi uma sekutholakale ukukhululwa, kungenzeka ukucela ukususwa kumafayela okuphula umthetho njenge-ASNEF noma i-RAI ngokwethula isinqumo senkantolo.
Ukukhanselwa kwezikweletu nezikhungo zezimali ezingezona ezasebhange
Izikweletu ezinhlanganweni zezimali ezingezona ezasebhange zifanelwe ingxoxo ehlukile : izinkampani zemalimboleko yosuku lokukhokha , izinkampani zezimali zabathengi, amakhadi esikweletu ezitolo ezinkulu, izimali mboleko ezincane eziku-inthanethi, njll. Ngokuvamile zinikeza imali efinyeleleka kalula, kodwa amazinga enzalo adlula kakhulu lawo amabhange avamile futhi ngokuvamile angemnandi kumthengi.
Uma lezi zikweletu ziqala ukwanda ngokungalawuleki, kunezindlela eziningana zomthetho okufanele uzilandele . Eyokuqala, evame ukunganakwa, ukuxoxisana ngqo nomboleki. Ngokwethula uhlelo lokukhokha olungokoqobo, izikhungo eziningi zezimali zizokwamukela ukuncishiswa kwezikweletu, izikhathi zomusa, isikhathi sokukhokha esengeziwe, noma ngisho nokuhoxisa inzalo yokukhokha sekwephuzile. Zikhetha ukubuyisa enye yemali kunokubhekwana nokuqothuka noma inqubo yezomthetho engaqinisekile.
UMthetho Wethuba Lesibili usebenza nakulezi zikweletu . Imali mboleko yosuku lokukhokha, amakhadi esikweletu, izimali mboleko ezincane, kanye nemali mboleko yabathengi ingathethelelwa uma izidingo zokwethembeka okuhle zihlangatshezwa futhi kuqinisekiswa ukuthi umuntu akakwazi ukukhokha. Inqubo ilandela uhlaka olujwayelekile: ukuzama okungenzeka kwesivumelwano, izinqubo ezilandelayo zokuqothuka, uhlelo lokukhokha noma lokukhokha, kanye nesicelo se-Temporary Employment Protection (TEP) esivela kujaji.
Kukhona futhi ithuba lokuphonsela inselelo izinkontileka enkantolo ngenzalo eyeqile noma inzalo . INkantolo Ephakeme imise izindlela zokusebenzisa amazinga adlula kakhulu izinga lemakethe elijwayelekile futhi angalingani ngokusobala angabhekwa njenganenzuzo. Kuleso simo, umphumela ucacile: inkontileka imenyezelwa njengengasebenzi maqondana nenzalo, futhi kufanele ukhokhe imali eyinhloko kuphela, ngaphandle kwenzalo noma izimali.
Izimangalo zingenziwa futhi ngenxa yokuntuleka kokubonakala uma umbolekisi ehlulekile ukunikeza ulwazi olucacile, oluqondakalayo, noluvelele mayelana nezindleko, indlela imali mboleko esebenza ngayo, noma imiphumela yemikhiqizo ethile (njengamakhadi esikweletu ajikelezayo). Ezimweni eziningi, ukubuyekezwa okuningiliziwe kwezomthetho kwenkontileka kwembula imigomo engafanele evumela ukuncishiswa noma ukukhanselwa kwengxenye yesikweletu.
Kuyo yonke le nqubo, kubalulekile ukuvikela izimpahla eziyinhloko zomboleki . Umthetho ubeka imingcele ekuhlonyisweni kwamaholo kanye nezimpesheni, uvikela izimpahla ezithile ezibalulekile empilweni yansuku zonke, futhi, ngaphakathi kohlaka lohlelo lwe-Second Chance, ungavumela ngisho nomboleki ukuthi agcine indawo yakhe yokuhlala eyinhloko uma kuhlangatshezwana nemibandela ethile. Ukwenza isinyathelo kusenesikhathi, ngaphambi kokuba uhlobiso luqale kahle, kwandisa kakhulu amathuba okuvikela lezi zimpahla.
Ukufakwa ohlwini lwe-ASNEF nezinye izinhlangano zokubika ngesikweletu: umthelela kanye nendlela yokuphuma
Esinye isiphumo sokuzikweleta ngokweqile ukufakwa kudathabheyisi yokubika ngesikweletu njengeBadexcug noma i-RAI. Ngisho nesikweletu esincane kakhulu—esiqala cishe kuma-euro angu-50—sanele ukukufaka kula marejista, asetshenziswa amabhange, izinkampani zezokuxhumana, izinkampani zomshuwalense, kanye namanye amabhizinisi ukuhlola ukufaneleka kwesikweletu samakhasimende.
Ukufakwa ohlwini kulezi zinhlu kunemiphumela ewusizo kakhulu : kwenza kube nzima ukufinyelela uxhaso lwezimali lwasebhange, kwenza kube nzima ukuthola izinsiza ezithile (ugesi, igesi, ucingo), futhi kungavimba ukuthengwa ngezimali kancane kancane noma ukubhalisela ezinye izinqubomgomo zomshuwalense. Akukhona ukweqisa ukusho ukuthi ukuba ohlwini lwe-ASNEF kuthinta impilo yezimali yansuku zonke yemindeni kanye namabhizinisi amancane.
Kunezindlela eziningana zokususwa kula marejista . Okuqondile kakhulu ukukhokha isikweletu nokucela ukuthi umbolekisi azise ifayela ngokukhanselwa. Ngokwethiyori, ukususwa kufanele kwenzeke zingakapheli izinsuku eziyishumi, kodwa empeleni kuvame ukunconywa ukuthi uthumele ifayela ubufakazi bokukhokha kanye nesicelo esisemthethweni sokusheshisa inqubo.
Uma ukholelwa ukuthi ukufakwa kwakho kusizindalwazi sethu kuyiphutha noma akujwayelekile, ungasebenzisa amalungelo akho okuvikela idatha (ukufinyelela, ukulungisa, ukusula, kanye nokuphikisa). Ungacela ulwazi mayelana nokuthi yiluphi ulwazi olugcinwe, ulungise amaphutha, ufune ukususwa kwezikweletu ezivinjelwe isikhathi, noma uphonsele inselelo ukufakwa kwakho uma kungekho sisekelo esanele sezomthetho. Uma isizindalwazi singaphenduli ngokwanele ngaphakathi kwesikhathi esisemthethweni (ngokuvamile inyanga eyodwa), isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuxhumana ne-Spanish Data Protection Agency.
Isikhathi esiphezulu sokugcina idatha sidlala indima ebalulekile : imithethonqubo ikhawulela ukufakwa kwezikweletu kulezi zingosi zedatha kuya eminyakeni eyisithupha kusukela ngosuku lokugcina. Ngemva kwalesi sikhathi, idatha kumele isuswe, noma ngabe inkokhelo ayikakhokhwa. Empeleni, kuyalulekwa ukuqapha isimo bese ufaka izicelo ngenkuthalo, ngoba ukususwa okuzenzakalelayo akwenzeki njalo njengoba kufanele.
Okokugcina, kunezimo zokufakwa okungafanele , lapho isikweletu singavumelekile, singakhokhwa, singaphansi kwenani elincane, sivinjelwe isikhathi, noma singakaziswanga kahle kokweletayo. Kulezi zimo, ngaphezu kokucela ukususwa kurejista, isinxephezelo somonakalo wokuziphatha singafunwa, njengoba iNkantolo Ephakeme ibheka ukuthi ukufakwa okungafanele kusizindalwazi senhlangano yokubika ngesikweletu kwephula ilungelo lokuhlonipha.
Izinketho zokukhansela izikweletu neHhovisi Lentela kanye nezinye izikweletu zomphakathi
Izikweletu eziya eHhovisi Lentela kanye ne-Social Security ngokungangabazeki ziphakathi kwezinto ezesabisa kakhulu . Sekuyiminyaka umqondo wokuthi izikweletu zomphakathi "azisoze zathethelelwa" uphindaphindiwe, kodwa iqiniso lamanje lezomthetho libanzi kakhulu futhi linikeza izinketho eziningi kunalokho abantu abaningi abakukholelwayo.
Ukuguqulwa koMthetho Wokungakwazi Ukukhokha izikweletu kwaletha imikhawulo ebalulekile ekukhishweni kwezikweletu zomphakathi . Isigaba 491.1 soMbhalo Ohlanganisiwe woMthetho Wokungakwazi Ukukhokha izikweletu asibandakanyi, ngokomthetho, izikweletu zomthetho womphakathi ekukhishweni kwezikweletu, kokubili ngendlela eqondile (lapho izimangalo ezimelene nefa kanye nezimangalo ezinelungelo sezigcwalisiwe) kanye nangendlela ehlehlisiwe (lapho kuphakanyiswa uhlelo lokukhokha). Ephepheni, kwabonakala sengathi i-Treasury kanye ne-Social Security zazivikelekile ekuxolelweni kwezikweletu.
Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza kwezomthetho kuthathe indlela ehlukile . Amajaji amaningi akhethekile acabangele ukuthi le mikhawulo yephula izimiso zomthethosisekelo, ikakhulukazi i-Athikili 82.5 yoMthethosisekelo, futhi aqhubeke nokunikeza ukukhululeka ezikweletini zomphakathi ezimweni ezithile. Ngenxa yalokho, okwamanje kungenzeka ukukhansela, okungenani ingxenye, izikweletu ne-Tax Agency kanye nezinye izinhlangano zomphakathi nge-EPI (Emergency Pension Scheme).
Kodwa-ke, impumelelo kulezi zimo incike kakhulu ekulungiseleleni kobuchwepheshe besicelo . Kubalulekile ukunikeza ubufakazi obuningiliziwe bokungakwazi ukukhokha izikweletu (ngezitatimende zezimali, izitatimende zasebhange, ukubuyiselwa kwentela, uhlu lwezimpahla, njll.), ukukhombisa ukuthi akukho msebenzi wokukhwabanisa, nokuthethelela ukuthi ukukhokha lezi zikweletu ngokugcwele kuzokwenza kube nzima ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zakho eziyisisekelo nezomndeni wakho.
Ngesikhathi senqubo, kuba nomphumela obaluleke kakhulu : izenzo zokuphoqelela umthetho , ukuqoqwa kwezimali ezengeziwe kanye nenzalo, futhi, kwezinye izimo, ukuthunjwa okuqhubekayo kuyamiswa kakhulu . Lokhu kuvimbela isikweletu somphakathi ukuthi siqhubeke nokukhula ngokungalawuleki ngenkathi kufunwa ikhambi eliphelele.
Ubukhulu bobugebengu kumele bucatshangelwe . Ukuze afanelekele ukukhululwa ezikweletini, umuntu okweletayo akufanele ukuthi ulahlwe yicala eminyakeni eyishumi edlule ngamacala amelene noMgcinimafa Womphakathi, Ukuphepha Komphakathi, noma impahla, noma amanye amacala ezenhlalo nezomnotho. Ukungabikho kwerekhodi lobugebengu kuyinsika ebalulekile "yokwethembeka okuhle" edingwa ngumthetho.
Izinzuzo, izingozi, kanye namaphutha avamile lapho kukhanselwa isikweletu
Ukukhetha indlela yokukhansela isikweletu ngqo kunezinzuzo ezicacile . Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uzikhulule ezibophweni ezingalawuleki nhlobo, kungaba ngokukhokha okuhlelekile, ukuxoxisana, noma ukukhululeka kwesikweletu okuyalelwe yinkantolo. Lokhu kuqiniswa kakhulu ukuphela kwezingcingo zokuqoqwa kwezikweletu ezihlukumezayo, ukumiswa kokuvalelwa kwezikweletu eziningi, kanye nethuba lokususwa kudathabheyisi yokubika ngesikweletu evimba impilo yakho yezezimali.
Ngokombono womuntu siqu, kukhona nomthelela omkhulu ngokomzwelo . Abantu abaningi baphila iminyaka bezizwa bevalelekile, bengenandlela yokuphuma. Ukuba nohlelo oluqondile, olunezinsuku zokugcina nezinhloso ezicacile, nokwazi ukuthi umthetho uvumela ithuba lesibili, kunciphisa kakhulu ukucindezeleka nokukhathazeka okuhlobene nesikweletu esiqhubekayo.
Kodwa kubalulekile ukungakhohlwa izingozi kanye nemikhawulo . Izinqubo zomthetho zokukhansela izikweletu aziqedi ngaso sonke isikhathi isikweletu esingu-100%; ezinye izibopho zomphakathi zingase zingafakwa, futhi inqubo ingathatha izinyanga eziningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthola isikweletu esisha kuzoba nzima isikhashana, futhi izimpahla ezithile kungadingeka zichithwe ukuze kuhlanganiswe ingxenye yesikweletu.
Phakathi kwamaphutha avame kakhulu ukusebenzisa izikweletu ezibizayo ukuze ukhokhe izikweletu ezikhona , njengezimali mboleko ezisheshayo eziqondiswe ngqo kubantu ababhalwe ku-ASNEF (ihhovisi lesikweletu laseSpain). Nakuba zingase zibonakale ziyindlela yokuphila, zivame ukuhilela amazinga enzalo aphezulu kakhulu futhi zigcine zibhebhethekisa inkinga. Elinye iphutha elivamile ukwehluleka ukuhlola ukuba semthethweni kwezinkontileka: amakhadi amaningi esikweletu nemali mboleko aqukethe izigaba ezihlukumezayo ezingaphikiswa.
Kuvamile futhi ukuqala izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi ngaphandle kweseluleko esikhethekile . UMthetho Wethuba Lesibili kanye nezinqubo zokungakwazi ukukhokha izikweletu kuhilela ubuchwepheshe kanye nezinsuku zokugcina, uma zingaphathwanga kahle, ezingaholela ekwenqatshweni noma ezivumelwaneni ezingafaneleki kangako kunalokho obekungenzeka ngenye indlela. Ukuba nochwepheshe abanolwazi emthethweni wokungakwazi ukukhokha izikweletu, izimangalo zenzalo, kanye nokuvikelwa kwedatha kwenza umehluko ocacile.
Empeleni, ukuhlanganisa ngobuhlakani izindlela zezimali (njengokukhokha imali eningi noma i-avalanche) , ukuxoxisana nababolekisi, ukufuna inzalo eningi ngokweqile, ukuhlola izinketho zokususwa ezinhlanganweni zokubika ngesikweletu, futhi, uma kudingeka, ukusebenzisa uMthetho Wethuba Lesibili, kuvumela ukwakhiwa kohlelo lokubuyisa isikweletu sangempela. Ngesu elihambisanayo nelisetshenziswe kahle, lokho namuhla okubonakala sengathi sekuphelile kuba inqubo enezinyathelo eziningi zokubuyisa ukuthula kwengqondo kwezezimali nokwenza izinqumo zezezimali ngokukhululeka futhi.
