Ukusho ukuthi umkhakha wamabhange udlula esikhathini sokungazinzi futhi nokukhathazeka okuthile kwabatshalizimali kuyinto yangempela. Kubamele bayo abakhulu njengoba benjalo I-BBVA, iSantander noma iCaixabank. Akunakulibaleka ukuthi inzuzo yala mabhizinisi ikhawulelwe ngenxa yokwehla kwamaphethelo ema-akhawuntini abo ezezimali. Ngokwengxenye kungenxa yokuqoqwa okuphansi okutholwa yizikhungo zezezimali emigqeni yazo eyinhloko yesikweletu: izimalimboleko, imali ebolekwa kanye neminye imithombo yezimali.
Lesi simo sidalwe ukwehla kwentengo yemali okuholele ku inqubomgomo yemali eyenziwe yi-European Central Bank (ECB). Futhi lokho kuholele ekutheni imali esendaweni ye-euro ibe sezingeni lomlando, ikakhulukazi ku-0%. Okuthile okwenzekile emashumini amaningi eminyaka obekuyisici esidale ukuthi izinzuzo kwabaphansi zilinganiselwe kakhulu. Iqiniso elidluliselwe emiphumeleni yezezimali yalezi zinkampani eminyakeni edlule.
Kepha bayangabaza ukuthi isignali ye-alamu ezimakethe zezimali ivele ekuhlaziyweni ngochwepheshe bamabhange okutshalwa kwezimali. Kuze kube yehlise kakhulu intengo ehlosiwe kwamanye amabhange amakhulu esizwe. Okuthile okugcwala injabulo kubatshalizimali abaningi abancane nabaphakathi. Ngokuqondile labo abakude namagugu abo. Ngenkathi kwenzeka okuphambene nalokho, labo ababekiwe babonisa imizwa eminingi kunokujwayelekile. Akumangazi-ke ukuthi bacabanga nokuthengisa amasheya abo.
I-BBVA: amaconsi afinyelela ku-40%
Kunoma ikuphi, enye yezindaba ezigqame kakhulu kulezi zinsuku ezedlule yileyo yebhizinisi eliphethwe nguFrancisco González. Ngoba ibhange lokutshala imali laseJalimane iBerenberg income kumakhasimende ayo aphambili ukuthi ukuthengiswa kwamasheya e-BBVA. Ngoba empeleni, embikweni wabo bakhomba eqinisweni lokuthi "ithemba lidlula iqiniso" maqondana nesimo semakethe yamasheya ebhange laseSpain.
Baphinde bakhombise ukuthi inani lentengo lamasheya abo lizokwehla liye kuma-euro amane. Ngokwenzayo, lesi simo esisha esivelayo imele ukwehla kwama-48%. Kusuka cishe ku-7,50% wama-euros lapho ihweba khona phakathi nezikhathi zokugcina zamasheya kazwelonke. Ukudonsa okungasabisa ingxenye enhle yabaninimasheya abakhona enkampanini namuhla. Ngokungabaza ngalokho okufanele bakwenze. Uma uqhubeka kufayela lakho le- izikhundla Okwamanje noma uma, ngokuphambene nalokho, isu lokuthengiswa okukhulu kwamasheya abo lizoba lusizo kakhulu kubo. Noma okungenani ngokwengxenye kumaphrofayela wokuzivikela kakhulu.
Inezinkinga zesakhiwo
Ezinye zezinkinga ezivezwe yibhange lokuhlaziya laseGerman ubuthakathaka balo uma kukhulunywa ngama-akhawunti alo ebhizinisi. Ngokuqondile, uyanezela ukuthi i-BBVA "njengamanje inezinkinga zesakhiwo ezimelwe yimodeli yebhizinisi ekhuthazwe ngokweqile." Lesi sigameko sizoba imbangela yalokhu kwehla kwentengo yamasheya ayo kusukela manje kuqhubeke. Izophinde ibe nemibandela yayo ukuvezwa okuphezulu ezimakethe zaseTurkey naseMexico. Lapho ubukhona bebhange laseSpain liphezulu kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esinye isici sokufinyelela kulesi siphetho sisuselwa kulindelo olukhulu emholweni owenziwa eSpain.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubaluleke kakhulu futhi ukungezwani okuqinile okungenzeka ukuthi izindinganiso zalo mkhakha zihlupheke, ngenxa yokungaqiniseki okwenziwa yi-European Community (EU). Lapho amabhange yiwona akhulisa ukuguquguquka okukhulu ekuguqukeni kwamanani abo. Ngefayela le- izinkinga zezombusazwe kuphelaama-tics okhetho olujwayelekile kwamanye amazwe (i-Italy, i-Germany, i-Austria, njll.) njengesizinda. Akuwona umbono okhuthazayo wezintshisekelo zakho. Ngokwezinga lokuthi inganikeza isizathu sokubikezela kwebhizinisi laseJalimane.
Ama-akhawunti: thola okungu-70% ngaphezulu
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lo mbiko uphikisana nemininingwane yakamuva eyenziwe kuma-akhawunti akho ebhizinisi. Ngoba empeleni, i-BBVA ivale ikota yokuqala yonyaka wezi-2017 ngokunyuka cishe kwama-70% enzuzweni yayo ephelele, ebisondele kuma-euro ayizigidi eziyi-1.200 ngenxa yomnikelo wemali ephindayo kanye nokwehliswa kokuhlinzekiwe nezindleko eziphakathi nendawo. Njengomphumela wokwakhiwa kabusha kwebhange eminyakeni yamuva.
Lapho ngqo, ukuma kwayo ezweni lama-Aztec kube nesibopho sezibalo zebhizinisi ezinikezwe yi-BBVA kwikota yokugcina. Ngenzuzo esondele kuma-euro ayizigidi eziyi-1.200, into ebingakaze yenzeke eminyakeni eyisikhombisa eyedlule. Yize futhi kuvela kuma-akhawunti abo asemthethweni ukuthi isitini simele inkinga yabo enkulu. Ngoba isabala imali esikhungweni sezezimali nokuthi ngokusho kwezimenenja zayo bakholelwa ukuthi kuzoba yisimo esizoqhubeka "cishe eminye iminyaka emibili noma emithathu."
Kusuka esikhungweni sezezimali bacabanga ukuthi le yimiphumela emihle kakhulu kusukela lapho zikhule kuzo zonke izindawo zebhizinisi futhi lokho kudlula okulindelwe okwenziwe. Lapho isikweletu esikhulu seqembu simi ezigidini ezingama-431.899, u-0,8% ngaphezulu, ngenkathi imali mboleko engakhokhi yehle yaya ku-4,8% uma kuqhathaniswa no-5,3% ngoMashi 2016.
Isimo Esizinzile emakethe yamasheya
Mayelana nokuvela kwayo ezimakethe zezezimali, igcina ukuthambekela okulingene okuya phezulu. Ukuhamba ebangeni elisuka kuma-euro ayisikhombisa kuya kwayisishiyagalombili ngesabelo ngasinye. Ngokusatshalaliswa okuhleliwe nokuqinisekisiwe kwezabelo ezakha esinye seziqinisekiso ezinhle kakhulu zokuqinisekisa abatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Ngenzuzo yonyaka yokonga esondele ku-4%. Ngokukhokha njalo ngekota yonyaka futhi lokho kuzoya ku-akhawunti yamanje yabaninimasheya esikhungweni sezezimali. Kepha noma kunjalo, igcina ukuzinza okuthile kumasheya kazwelonke nangokuvumelana ngokuphelele nokuvela kwenkomba yokuma, i-Ibex 35.
Akusikho ukuphepha okubonakala ngokuguquguquka kwayo okuphezulu. Ngokwehluka phakathi kwezintengo zayo eziphakeme nezincane ezingathandeki kakhulu. Ikakhulukazi uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amanani anolaka kakhulu. Isibonelo, abamele izinkampani zikawoyela, izimboni zensimbi noma ama-telecos, phakathi kwemikhakha efanelekile yezimali zamazwe omhlaba. Yize izinguquko ezingazelelwe zithola ukwaziwa okukhulu njengomphumela we-panorama yokuhlangana yokubhanga kwezwekazi elidala. Akumangalisi ukuthi iSpain ingelinye lamazwe achayeke kakhulu kulo mkhuba.
Ngemuva kokuwa emakethe yamasheya ekuqaleni kwenkinga yezomnotho, umkhuba wayo uzinzile ezinyangeni ezedlule. Yize befinyelela emazingeni angaphambilini, kubalwe ngaphezulu ngenhla kwesithiyo sama-euro ayisishiyagalolunye ngesabelo ngasinye. Kepha, ibuyise ngaphezu kwe-50% yenani yesikhungo sezezimali. Manje kusazobonwa ukuthi ngabe uzokwazi yini ukuthola intengo yakudala.
Kungasithinta kanjani ukusika?
Ukwehla kwentengo yayo yangempela kungaba nomthelela ongathandeki kumasheya enkampani. Abanye abatshalizimali banganquma ukuthengisa amayunithi abo (amasheya) ukugwema ukuwela ezikhundleni ezingezinhle. Kunoma ikuphi, kuzoya ngecala ngalinye. Futhi ikakhulukazi wesikhathi lapho kutshalwa khona imali: mfushane, phakathi noma okude. Ngoba kuya ngalezi eziguqukayo, isu elizosetshenziswa lizohluka kakhulu. Kanye nezinhloso ezingatshazwa ngabatshalizimali.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma ukubikezela kwebhizinisi laseJalimane bekuqinisekisiwe futhi amasheya alo ehliswe ngo-40%, bekungeke kube khona okunye abangakwenza ngaphandle kokushintsha isu labatshalizimali. Kufika ezingeni lokuthi amasheya e-BBVA azonikeza i- isignali yokuthenga ecacile. Okungenani uma imigomo ihloselwe ukuhlala isikhathi esimaphakathi nesikhathi eside. Ngisho nangokuthenga okunolaka. Ngoba empeleni, kungaba ithuba langempela lebhizinisi ngenani elizinzile futhi elihambisa izinzuzo phakathi kwabaninimasheya. Enye into ehluke kakhulu ukuthi lesi simo ekugcineni. Ngalo mqondo, yisikhathi kuphela lapho ijaji elizonikeza futhi lisuse izizathu.
Ukuthenga ithuba
Ngoba amasheya alesi sikhungo sezezimali angaphansi kwama-euro ayisithupha ngesabelo ngasinye yithuba elingaphuthelwa. Ngisho noma imiphumela yebhizinisi ingalandeli ngezikhathi zokuhlala ezilandelayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, akunakukhohlwa ukuthi abahlaziyi abaningi bezezimali bakhiphe isincomo sokuthenga amasheya. Baze babone leli bhange njengenye yeziningi kakhulu kuvumelana nawo wonke umkhakha. Ngaphambi kweSantander noma iCaixabank, phakathi kokufanele kakhulu.
Kulesi simo i-BBVA engasethula, esinye sezimo ezinhle kakhulu ukuvula izikhundla emigodini ephansi yentengo yayo. Ngoba kulezi ezikhona manje, azikuvumeli ukuthi ukhiqize ikhono lokubuyekeza elikhangayo ngempela. Esikhundleni salokho, idinga ukulungiswa ukuze abathengi baphinde bangene ezimakethe zezezimali.