Usuku lwemakethe yamasheya lube nzima kakhulu I-Tubos Reunidosintengo yamasheya ayo iwile kakhulu emakethe yamasheya yaseSpain. Emahoreni ambalwa nje, intengo yamasheya yehle cishe ngo-40%, okubonisa ukukhathazeka okukhulayo kwabatshalizimali lapho bebhekene nokukhathazeka okukhulu. izinqubo ezingaba khona zokuqothuka kanye nesimo sezimali esinzima kakhulu.
Kumongo omakwe ngokuthi Amahemuhemu okuthi izikweletu azikakhokhwa, izingxoxo ezihlulekile, kanye namazinga aphezulu ezikweletuLe nkampani eseBasque Country ihlolwe kakhulu yizimakethe, abalawuli, kanye nabasebenzi bayo. Amathuba okuba umenzi wamapayipi omlando afake isicelo sokuqothuka akuseyona nje inkulumo engenamsebenzi: inkampani ngokwayo ivumile obala ukuthi le nketho isetafuleni.
Ukuwa kwemakethe yesitoko okungokomlando kanye nokusabela kwemakethe
Isijeziso endaweni yokuhweba saba khona ngokushesha ngemva kokuba kwaziwa ukuthi I-Tubos Reunidos iphothula amalungiselelo ezinqubo zokuqothukaNgokusho kwemibiko eyahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa naleyo evela ezitolo zezindaba zezimali ezifana ne-El Confidencial kanye ne-Cinco Días, inkampani yabameli i-Uría Menéndez yeluleka inkampani ngokulungiselela le nqubo, isikhathi sayo esizoba cishe emasontweni ambalwa ezayo.
Ezigabeni zokuqala zeseshini, inani lehle laya cishe 40%ngamasheya ahweba ngo-€0,133 kuphela ngaphambi kokuba ukwehla kwehle kancane. Emini, amasheya ayeshintshashintsha... I-0,14 euroLokhu kwakumele ukulahlekelwa okungaba ngu-35%. Ekugcineni, amasheya aphela usuku ngokwehla okungaba ngu-35%. 36,5% -37,5%, ukuhlanganisa esinye sezikhathi ezimbi kakhulu emlandweni waso wamuva.
Okuye kwabamangaza abadlali abaningi bemakethe ukuthi, naphezu kokushesha kwalesi sinyathelo kanye nokusabalala kolwazi mayelana nokuqothuka okungenzeka, I-CNMV ayizange iyeke ukuhweba. ngesikhathi seseshini. Ngakho-ke, ukuwa kwenzeke ngesikhathi isitoko sihweba ngokujwayelekile, siqhutshwa ama-oda okuthengisa aqhubekayo kanye nesimo sokungaqiniseki okukhulu.
Lesi sinyathelo sinezela ekwehleni okuqhubekayo: ezinyangeni zamuva nje, inkampani iqoqe ukwehla okucishe kube yi-100%. Ukwehla okungu-70% kwenani lemakethe yesitokoLokhu kubonisa ukuntuleka kwezethembi kwemakethe ekhonweni layo lokuguqula izinto. Kwabatshalizimali abaningi, izinqubo zokuqothuka manje sezibhekwa njengesimo esingenzeka kakhulu.
Imithombo eseduze nebhodi labaqondisi ikhombisa ukuthi izinhlaka ezilawulayo zenkampani Baqapha ngokucophelela intuthuko yamanani kanye nokugeleza kwezindabaNakuba bengakuchithi ukubiza imihlangano ephuthumayo ukuze kuhlaziywe isimo, abaphathi bazamile, kuze kube manje, ukugcina isikhala sokuhamba, kodwa ingcindezi yemakethe inciphisa isikhathi sokwenza izinqumo.
Ukwamukelwa kwesicelo esingaba khona sokuqothuka ngokuzithandela
Ngemva kokuvalwa kwemakethe, iTubos Reunidos yathumela iqiniso elibalulekile kwiKhomishini Yezimakethe Zezokuphepha Kazwelonke (i-CNMV) lapho, okokuqala ngqa, evuma obala ukuthi akanakukwazi ukuqeda ithuba lesicelo isimemezelo sokuqothuka ngokuzithandelaLesi yisinyathelo esibalulekile, njengoba inkampani yayigweme ukuqinisekisa lesi simo ngokucacile.
Ekukhulumisaneni kwabo nomphathi, iqembu liyavuma ukuthi Ihlulekile ukuthola uxhaso olusha noma ukungena kwabalingani abangosomaqhinga. lokho kuzovumela ibhizinisi ukuthi liqalwe kabusha. Iphinde ivume ukuthi ukwehla kwebhizinisi kubeke inkampani esimweni "esibeka engcupheni ukusebenza kwayo" futhi esingayiphoqa ukuthi ithathe "izinyathelo ezengeziwe" uma isimo singathuthuki.
Umbhalo othunyelwe kwi-CNMV ugcizelela ukuba khona kwe- ukungaqiniseki okukhulu mayelana nekhono lenkampani lokuqhubeka njengenkampani eqhubekayoLokhu kuhambisana nezixwayiso esezikhishwe yinkampani yokucwaninga i-Ernst & Young (EY). Laba bacwaningi baveze emibikweni yabo ukuthi kukhona “ukungabaza okukhulu” mayelana nekhono le-Tubos Reunidos lokuqhubeka nokusebenza ngaphandle kokuhlelwa kabusha okukhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kakhulu Ukuhlolwa komsebenziNgaphakathi kohlaka lohlelo lokunciphisa abasebenzi lwenkampani (i-ERE), kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi imiphumela yeqembu ibonisa ukulahlekelwa isikhathi eside kwenzuzo yokusebenza nokuthi kukhona "imbangela esemthethweni yokuqedwa." Lokhu kuhlola okunzima kakhulu kuqinisa umqondo wokuthi izinqubo zokwehluleka ukukhokha izikweletu zingase zibe yindlela kuphela yokulungisa lesi simo.
Ukufakwa kwesicelo sokuqothuka kungenzeka kwethulwe njengendlela yokwenza ukuhlela kabusha izikweletu, ukuthenga isikhathi sokuxoxisana nababolekisi futhi, ekugcineni, kube lula ukungena komtshali-zimali wezimboni onganikeza imali kanye nokuzinza kwesikhathi eside. Kodwa, njengoba imithombo emkhakheni wezezimali ivuma, impumelelo yaleli cebo izoncika endleleni okwenziwa ngayo ukuhlelwa kabusha kwezikweletu, ikakhulukazi isikweletu esixhunywe ku-SEPI.
Izikweletu ezibalekile kanye nosizo oluhlulekile
Esinye sezici eziyinhloko zenkinga yaseTubos Reunidos yi- isikweletu esikhulu, esingaba yizigidi ezingama-263 zama-euroIngxenye enkulu yaleso sibalo ihambisana nemali mboleko exhunywe kwi-State Industrial Holdings Company (SEPI), eyaba ngumbolekisi oyinhloko ngemuva kokuvunyelwa kwesibonelelo ngesikhathi sobhubhane lwe-Covid-19.
Ngo-2021, iqembu lensimbi lathola imali eyengeziwe ngesikhwama sokusekela izinkampani eziqakathekile, esiye saba yi- isikweletu ku-SEPI esifinyelela kuma-euro ayizigidi ezingu-150Naphezu kwemizamo yenkampani yokuxoxisana kabusha ngale mibandela—okuhlanganisa nokufuna ukuxhaswa kabusha kwebhange okubanzi—izingxoxo azizange ziholele esivumelwaneni esibalulekile.
Iziphakamiso ezibekwe ngumkhakha kahulumeni zigxile kakhulu ku- ukwenza imigomo yokukhokha imali mboleko ibe lulangaphandle kokwamukela ukwehliswa okukhulu kwentengo yentengo okwamanje. Lokhu kunqikaza kukaHulumeni ukucabanga ukuthi ukulahlekelwa kuvimbele ukungena kwabatshalizimali abasha abazimele, abanqikaza ukuzibophezela ngemali ngaphandle kokuthi umthwalo wezezimali uncishiswe kakhulu kusengaphambili.
Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule, inkampani ihlole inketho yokuthi ukuba nomlingani wezimboni —ngokusekelwa okusobala kukaHulumeni waseBasque—okuzosiza ekusekeleni ibhizinisi lokukhiqiza nokugcina umsebenzi ezitshalweni. Kodwa-ke, inhlanganisela yemiphumela emibi, isikweletu esikhulu, kanye nokungabikho kohlelo lokuqhubeka nokusebenza okuvunyelwene ngalo ngokugcwele kusho ukuthi, okwamanje, akekho umuntu othathe isinyathelo sokugcina.
Inhloso yokuhlelwa kabusha okungenzeka ikabili: ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuhlela isimiso sokukhokha futhi ugweme izinkinga zokuntuleka kwemali ngokusheshaNgakolunye uhlangothi, umgomo ukudala uhlaka oluzinzile oluvumela ukukhiqizwa okuqhubekayo futhi lulondoloze imisebenzi eminingi ngangokunokwenzeka. Kodwa-ke, ukubambezeleka nokungavumelani ezingxoxweni nababolekisi ababalulekile kuye kunciphisa kancane kancane isikhala senkampani sokuhamba, okuyiqhubekisela engcupheni yokuqothuka.
Ukulahlekelwa yizigidi zamaRandi kanye nokwehla kwebhizinisi
Ingcindezi yezezimali ikhuliswa kakhulu yi- imiphumela emibi yokusebenza eminyakeni yamuva njeI-Tubos Reunidos ivale u-2025 ngokulahlekelwa okungama-euro ayizigidi ezingu-118, ushintsho olukhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nenzuzo etholakale ngo-2024 (cishe izigidi ezingu-28,6), okubonisa ukuwohloka okukhulu kwesimo sayo sezomnotho.
Ukwehla kwebhizinisi kubangelwa yizici eziningana. Phakathi kwazo, umthelela we- intela yokungeniswa kwensimbi ne-aluminium e-United States, efinyelela cishe ku-50% futhi zithinta ngqo enye yezimakethe zayo zakwamanye amazwe ezibaluleke kakhulu. Lo mbono wamazwe ngamazwe unciphise izinzuzo kanye nomthamo wokuthengisa, okwandisa ubunzima benkampani eyayisivele isetshenziswa kakhulu.
Okwenezela ebunzimeni bendawo yebhizinisi yi- ukuncipha komsebenzi kwezinye zezitshalo zayoIkakhulukazi ngemva kwengxabano yabasebenzi esitshalweni sase-Amurrio (Álava). Isiteleka esingapheli kanye nokumiswa kokukhiqiza kulezi zikhungo kuye kwandisa ukwehla kwemali engenayo futhi kwaba nzima ukuqaliswa kohlelo lokuphumelela oluhlelwe ngabaphathi.
Imibiko yangaphandle, kokubili evela kubahloli bamabhuku kanye nabahloli bezisebenzi, igcizelela ukuthi Inzuzo yokusebenza iye yehla kancane kancane...kuze kube seqophelweni lokungabaza ukuthi ibhizinisi lingasinda yini ngaphandle kokungenelela okukhulu. Lezi zixwayiso, ngezinye izikhathi ezazingase zibe yindlela yokuvusa izixazululo, zigcine seziyisibonakaliso sokungami kahle kanye nokuntuleka kwezivumelwano.
Inhlanganisela yokulahlekelwa okuphindaphindiwe, umthwalo omkhulu wezezimali, kanye nokungathuthuki nhlobo ekudonseni amalungu amasha kuye kwaholela abahlaziyi abaningi ukuba bakholelwe ukuthi Indlela yokungakwazi ukukhokha izikweletu, empeleni, isibe yindlela eyodwa kuphela ephumelelayo ukulungisa isimo. Umbuzo manje uwukuthi le nqubo izobathinta kanjani ababolekisi abahlukahlukene kanye nabasebenzi.
Uhlelo lokufaneleka, uhlelo lokunciphisa abasebenzi kanye nempikiswano yabasebenzi
Ukuze bazame ukunqanda ukopha, i-Tubos Reunidos yethule uhlelo uhlelo lokwenzeka olusekelwe ezinsikeni ezintathu eziyinhlokoLolu hlelo luhlanganisa: ukunciphisa abasebenzi ngenqubo yokunciphisa abasebenzi, ukuhlelwa kabusha kwezikweletu, kanye nokufuna abatshalizimali abasha. Kulezi zinsika ezintathu, ukulungiswa kwabasebenzi kuphela okuye kwenza intuthuko ephumelelayo.
Ukwehliswa kwabasebenzi okuhlongozwayo kuthinte kancane ngaphezu Abasebenzi be-300yize ngemuva kwezingxoxo inani lehlisiwe laba cishe Izindlela zokuphuma ezingu-240-242Isivumelwano, esasingokuzithandela kakhulu, sasihlanganisa inkokhelo yokudilizwa kwezinsuku ezingu-45 ngonyaka wenkonzo kanye nezinketho zokuthatha umhlalaphansi ngaphambi kwesikhathi, okuhlanganisa ukuthatha umhlalaphansi ngaphambi kwesikhathi kusukela eminyakeni engu-57, ngenhloso yokunciphisa umthelela womphakathi wokuncishiswa kwezindleko.
Naphezu kwalezi zimo, Izinyunyana ezinkulu eBasque Country — i-ELA, i-LAB, i-UGT kanye ne-ESK — ziphonsele inselelo i-ERE (Ifayela Lomthetho Wokuqashwa). phambi kweNkantolo Ephakeme Yobulungiswa yezwe laseBasque. Izinyunyana ziyabuza kokubili umongo wokulungiswa kanye nomongo okwenzeke kuwo, futhi ziyaqhubeka nokubhikisha kanye nesiteleka esingapheli esitshalweni sase-Amurrio, okuholele ekumisweni kwesikhathi eside kokukhiqiza.
I-Labor Inspectorate, yona, wavuma ukunemba okusemthethweni kwenquboUmbiko uphethe ngokuthi izingxoxo zenziwe ngaphandle kokukhwabanisa kanye neziqinisekiso ezidingekayo. Nakuba uvuma ubucayi besimo sezimali senkampani, umbiko uphinde wabonisa ukuthi kunezizathu eziqondile ezivumela ukuncishiswa kwemisebenzi, okuye kwalimaza kakhulu ubudlelwano phakathi kwabameleli bezinyunyana kanye nabaphathi.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uHulumeni waseBasque uzame ukwenza njengoba umlamuleli kanye nomgqugquzeli wesisombululo sezimboniukucindezela uhulumeni ophakathi ukuba anciphise imigomo yemali mboleko ye-SEPI ngaleyo ndlela avumele ukufika komlingani oqavile. Nokho, lokhu kucindezela kwezepolitiki akukashintshi kakhulu esimweni sikahulumeni ophakathi, oqhubeka nokwenqaba ukucabanga ngokunciphisa isikweletu sikahulumeni.
Imibono kanye nezimo ezingaba khona ze-Tubos Reunidos
Njengoba zonke lezi zinto zisetafuleni, ikusasa eliseduze leTubos Reunidos liyaxoxwa phakathi ukuhlelwa kabusha okuhlelekile ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwenkantolo noma ukuwohloka okuqhubekayo uma izinqumo zibambezelekaIzinqubo ezingaba khona zokuqothuka zibhekwa njengethuluzi lokuzama ukulondoloza imisebenzi yezimboni nokukhulisa ukubuyiselwa kwemali kwababolekisi, kodwa futhi ziphakamisa ukungabaza ngomthelela wazo emisebenzini nasezitshalweni zeqembu.
Ngasohlangothini lwezezimali, okubaluleke kakhulu kuzoba ukuchaza kabusha imigomo nemibandela yesikweletu esiyizigidi ezingama-263Ngokunaka kakhulu isimo se-SEPI. Noma yisiphi isixazululo esingavunyelwe ngumboleki oyinhloko womphakathi cishe ngeke siphumelele, ngakho-ke amasonto azayo azoba yisihluthulelo sokubona ukuthi kungafinyelelwa esivumelwaneni noma uma izingxoxo ziba nzima nakakhulu ngaphakathi kohlaka lokungakwazi ukukhokha izikweletu.
Kunethiwekhi yokukhiqiza yaseBasque kanye nomkhakha wensimbi waseSpain, umphumela waleli cala ubonakala njengo i-thermometer yokuphathwa kwezinkinga zebhizinisi kanye nokubandakanyeka okukhulu komphakathiI-Tubos Reunidos akuyona nje noma iyiphi inkampani: umkhondo wayo womlando, ubunzima bayo emisebenzini yezimboni kanye nokuba khona koMbuso enhloko-dolobha yawo ngemali mboleko kwenza isimo sayo sibe yindaba yokubaluleka kwezomnotho nezepolitiki.
Okwamanje, abatshalizimali babonakala benombono ocacile: ukuntuleka kwentuthuko ebonakalayo ekufuneni abalingani kanye nasekuxhaseni kabusha imali Lokhu kuye kwanciphisa ukuzethemba ekhonweni leqembu lokululama. Ukuwa kwentengo yamasheya kanye nokuguquguquka kwezikhathi zakamuva kubonisa ukuthi imakethe ibeka amanani esimweni esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kanti ingxenye enkulu yamanje iphansi. abaninimasheya kakade ngicabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kube nokulahlekelwa okukhulu.
Ngesikhathi ilinde ukuqinisekiswa kokufakwa ngokusemthethweni kokuqothuka kanye nokuphothulwa kwemigomo yanoma yikuphi ukuhlelwa kabusha okungenzeka, inkampani ibhekene nesikhathi esibalulekile. Okwenzekayo kusukela manje kuqhubeke ngeke kunqume ikusasa le I-Tubos Reunidoskodwa futhi nendlela ukuxhaswa komphakathi kanye nokuhlelwa kabusha kwezinkampani zezimboni ezibhekene nesiphepho esikhulu sezikweletu, ukuntuleka kwenzuzo kanye nokungathembani ezimakethe kuxazululwa ngayo eSpain.
