Uma sikhuluma ngokuqala ibhizinisi eSpain, sivame ukucabanga ngenkululeko yokuphatha isikhathi sethu kanye nethuba lokukhula. Kodwa-ke, engxenyeni enkulu yaleli qembu, iphupho lokuzisebenzela seliphenduke i- umsebenzi oyingozi ngempelalapho ingozi ingekhona ukwehluleka kwebhizinisi ngokwalo, kodwa ukuwela ekungazethembi komnotho okukhungathekisayo. Kunokuba yindlela eya ekuzinzeni, ukuzisebenzela sekuyinto nje kwabaningi isu lokusinda kuphawulwe ukungaqiniseki.
Isimo sibucayi, futhi idatha ayiqambi amanga: inani elithusayo labasebenzi abazisebenzelayo baphila ngemali engenayo enganele ukumboza ngisho nezidingo eziyisisekelo kakhulu. Nakuba imakethe yezisebenzi ekhokhelwayo ibonakala ikhombisa ukuthambekela okuhle, amakhulu ezinkulungwane zabantu ayaqhubeka nokuzabalaza. babanjwe emisebenzini ezingakhiqizi imali edingekayo ukuze ziphile impilo enhle, okudala isimo esikhathazayo emphakathini esingasichaza njengesabantu abazisebenzayo abampofu.
Izibalo eziphakamisa ukukhathazeka mayelana nokukhishwa ngaphandle kwezomnotho
Uma sihlaziya imibiko evela kwi-Economic Observatory of Self-Employment kanye ne-UPTA, isimo sibi kakhulu. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi oyedwa kwabane abasebenza ngokuzimela Basesimweni sobuthakathaka obukhulu. Ngokukhethekile, idatha evela kwi-Tax Agency iveza ukuthi cishe abantu abangu-800.000 ababhalise njengabazisebenzayo (i-RETA) bathi imali engenayo yanyanga zonke ilingana noma ingaphansi kwama-euro angu-670, okumelela ngaphezu kwama-20% engqikithi yeqembu.
Kuleli qembu, kunabantu abangaphezu kwengxenye yesigidi abenza umsebenzi ojwayelekile futhi abangenawo omunye umthombo wemali engenayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi Baphila ngemali engaphansi kwama-euro angu-900 ngenyanga...inani elenza kube nzima ukukhokhela izidingo eziyisisekelo nokuhlela noma yiluphi uhlobo lwekusasa. Kwabaningi, ukuzisebenzela akubanga ukukhetha okucatshangelwe kahle, kodwa kunalokho kube ukukhetha isiphephelo esiphoqelelwe ngenxa yokuntuleka kwemisebenzi ezinzile.
Kubalulekile ukugqamisa ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezahlukene kakhulu zalezi zigaba eziphansi. Sithola wonke umuntu kusukela kubantu abasanda kuqala ngesilinganiso esilinganiselwe kuya abalingani bomndeni noma labo asebezothatha umhlalaphansi futhi abasasebenza ukuze baqedele isikhathi sabo sokufaka isandla. Noma kunjalo, into efanayo ubunzima bokuthola imali engenayo ezivumela umuntu ukuthi aqhubeke nomsebenzi oqinile wokuphila.
Igebe elingenakunqotshwa phakathi komuntu ozisebenzayo kanye nomsebenzi okhokhelwayo
Kukhona ukungafani okusobala uma kuqhathaniswa isimo salabo abaqashiwe kanye nalabo abazisebenzayo. Ngokusho kocwaningo lwe-Primero de Mayo Foundation ye-CCOO, izinga lobuphofu liphezulu kakhulu phakathi kwabantu abazisebenzayo. Ezikhathini ezihlaziyiwe, kuyilapho izinga lobuphofu lilonke labantu abaqashiwe licishe libe ngu-12%, izinga labantu abazisebenzayo... Ikhuphuke yafika ku-36%, inani elibeka iSpain esimweni esingesihle kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nesilinganiso sendawo ye-euro.
Ukuze siqonde ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukuba mpofu eSpain, kumele sibheke idatha evela ku-Institute for Fiscal Studies. Umuntu ubhekwa njengosengozini yobumpofu uma imali yakhe engenayo yonyaka ingafiki ku-€11.217, futhi sikhuluma ngakho ubumpofu obukhulu uma sehla ngaphansi kwama-euro angu-7.478. Emakhaya lapho imali engenayo yebhizinisi ibusa khona, izinga lobumpofu liphezulu kakhulu kunasemakhaya akhokhelwayo, okubonisa ukuthi igebe phakathi kokuqashwa komkhakha kahulumeni kanye nabantu abazisebenzayo Ukuba ngumqashi wakho kwenza ingozi yokukhishwa emsebenzini ibe phezulu kakhulu.
Lo mehluko uchazwa kakhulu yi- ukuguquguquka kwemali engenayoIzisebenzi ezikhokhelwayo zinomholo oqinile ovumela ukuthi zihlele, kuyilapho abantu abazisebenzayo bethembele ngokuphelele ekudingweni kwemakethe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufinyelela ekuvikelweni komphakathi Kunomkhawulo kakhulu kumsebenzi ozisebenzelayo, onezindlela ezimbalwa zokuphepha uma kwenzeka inkinga.
Umlingo wobuqambi kanye nosizo lomphakathi
Iphuzu elibalulekile yindima kahulumeni. Izinqubomgomo ezikhuthaza ukuzisebenzela, ikakhulukazi izinga elilinganiselwe kanye nezinye izinzuzo zokuqalaLezi zinyathelo ekugcineni zishintshe izibalo zokungasebenzi. Esikhundleni sokukhuthaza amabhizinisi asebenzayo, zikhuthaze izinkulungwane zabantu ukuthi babhalise ngaphandle kohlelo lwebhizinisi langempela, okudala i- ibhamuza lebhizinisi okuye kwaqhuma ngokungenakugwenywa.
Umphumela uba ukuthi abangaphezu kuka-60% balabo abasebenzisa lezi zibonelelo bagcina bememezela imbuyiselo ephansi kakhulu. Njengoba u-Eduardo Abad, umongameli we-UPTA, esho, lokhu kuyenzeka. ukuxhasa ubumpofu esikhundleni sokuhlanganisa imisebenzi yokukhiqiza. Lokhu kulahla abasebenzi ukuthi bangene ezikweletini ukuze basekele amabhizinisi angenzi nzuzo, okwenza i-RETA ibe yi- Ishalofu lomthungi lapho amaphrojekthi angempela ehambisana nezimo zokuziphilisa.
Ukuze kuxazululwe lokhu, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi i-Public Employment Service ihlinzeke ngezinsizakalo Ukuphuma emsebenzini ohloniphekileAkukhona ukuyeka ukusekela ibhizinisi, kodwa mayelana nokuqaphela ukuthi iphrojekthi ayisebenzi kahle yini nokunikeza izinhlelo zokuqeqeshwa kabusha zobungcweti ukuze laba bantu bakwazi ukuhlanganiswa kabusha emakethe yezabasebenzi isisebenzi esikhokhelwayo esihambisana nolwazi lwaso.
Izici zesakhiwo ezilimaza osomabhizinisi abancane
Ubumpofu phakathi kwabantu abazisebenzayo abuyona ingozi, kodwa buyindlela yokusabela ochungechungeni lwezinkinga ezikhona. Okokuqala, izindleko eziqinile eziphakeme Kungumthwalo ongabekezeleleki. Iqiniso lokuthi kufanele ukhokhe umnikelo we-Social Security ohleliwe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uthola malini, lithinta kakhulu labo abahola ngaphansi kwama-euro angu-600 ngenyanga. ukuqina kwezezimali Kujezisa ukusinda kwamaphrojekthi asafufusa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinye izici ezenza kube nzima ukwenza inzuzo:
- Ukuncintisana okungafanele kanye namanani: Ama-freelancer kumele ancintisane namapulatifomu amakhulu nezinkampani ezisebenzisa umnotho wesilinganiso, okunciphisa kakhulu inzuzo yazo.
- Ubunzima bokuxhaswa ngezimali: Ukufinyelela emalini yangaphandle kuncane kakhulu, okuvimbela ukutshalwa kwezimali ekukhangiseni noma ekusunguleni izinto ezintsha ukuze kwandiswe ibhizinisi.
- Ukukhiqiza okuphansi: Eziningi zigxile emikhakheni egcwele (ezokuthutha, ezokuthengisa) lapho inani elengeziwe liphansi khona kanti imfundo eqhubekayo ayitholakali kalula.
Lesi simo sidala umjikelezo omubi. ukuntuleka kwamandla okuvikela ukushaqeka Izici zomnotho zisho ukuthi noma yikuphi ukwenyuka kwentengo noma ukwehla kwesidingo kungaholela ekuvalweni kwebhizinisi ngokushesha. Ezingeni lezomnotho omkhulu, lokhu kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwasekhaya kanye... umnikelo wentela osebenzayongoba noma kudingeka izabelo eziphezulu, imali engenayo yentela engenayo evela kula maphrofayili incane kakhulu.
Ukuze kuguqulwe lo mkhuba, kucatshangelwa izinyathelo ezifana nokulungisa umnikelo wabantu abazisebenzayo ku- imali yangempela, ukunciphisa umthwalo wehhovisi odla isikhathi esikhiqizayo futhi kukhuthazwe izikhuthazo zentela zaleyo misebenzi ekhiqiza ngempela inani eliphakeme elingeziwe kanye nokuguqulwa kwedijithali. Kuphela ngokudala uhlelo lwe-ecosystem lapho izindleko zokugcina umsebenzi zilingana nempumelelo yebhizinisi lapho ukuzisebenzela kungavinjelwa khona ekubeni ugibe lobumpofu.
Isimo esibucayi sabasebenzi abazisebenzelayo abacishe babe yisigidi sibonisa ukuthi imodeli yamanje yokukhuthaza ubuqambi eSpain yehlulekile kakhulu. Isixazululo sisekuhlukaniseni phakathi kobuqambi bangempela nobuhlala njalo kanye nalokho okusetshenziselwa ukufihla ukungasebenzi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imithwalo yentela kufanele ibe nobulungiswa nokuthi kunezindlela zangempela zokuqeqeshwa kabusha kobungcweti kulabo abahlulekayo ukuchuma, ngaleyo ndlela kuvimbele inkululeko yokuba ngumqashi wakho ekubeni umthwalo wezomnotho.