Uma sekuyisikhathi sokushiya inkampani, akusiyona njalo into "ejwayelekile" lapho inkampani yenza khona isinqumo sodwa. Sekuvamile kakhulu ukuthi izinkampani nabasebenzi baxoxisane ngesivumelwano sokudilizwa kwenkampani. ukuphuma okuxoxiswane ngakho ngesinxephezeloUkufuna ikhambi elinciphisa ukungqubuzana futhi elihambisana nomthetho. Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke izivumelwano ezisemthethweni, futhi azizuzisi isisebenzi.
Kulesi sihloko uzothola incazelo ephelele kakhulu mayelana inkokhelo yokuqedwa kwesivumelwanoLesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngalokho okwaziwa ngokuthi ukuxoshwa okuxoxiswane ngakho noma okuvunyelwene ngakho, ukuthi kuhlobana kanjani nezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuxoshwa ngaphansi komthetho waseSpain, inani lesinxephezelo esitholakalayo, ukuthi singathuthukiswa nini uma siqhathaniswa nalokho okushiwo kuMthetho Wezisebenzi, kanye nalokho izinkantolo ezikwenzayo njengamanje ngesinxephezelo esengeziwe. Uzothola nolwazi olusebenzayo mayelana nokubala, izingozi zokukhwabanisa ne-SEPE (Spanish Public Employment Service), kanye nezici zengqondo nezenhlangano ezithinta kokubili isisebenzi kanye nenkampani.
Kuyini ukuxoshwa okuxoxiswane ngakho noma ukuxoshwa ngokwesivumelwano?
Emsebenzini wokusebenza, ukuxoshwa okuxoxiswana ngakho kwaziwa njengesimo lapho inkampani kanye nesisebenzi baxoxisana ngokuzithandela Ukuqedwa kwenkontileka yokuqashwa, ukusungula izimo zomnotho kanye nokuqedwa kwemisebenzi ezamukelwa yibo bobabili izinhlangothi. Lokhu akusikho ukuxoshwa okuqondiswayo noma okungaqondile okunqunywa ngomuntu ngamunye, kodwa kunalokho ukuxoxisana kwangaphambilini okuholela esivumelwaneni esibhaliwe esisemthethweni.
Icala elivamile yileso sesisebenzi esivikelwe (isibonelo, ilungu lomkhandlu wemisebenzi) inkampani enobudlelwano obuqinile nayo, kodwa engenakukwazi ukuyixosha kalula ngenxa yengozi yokuthi ukuxoshwa kuthiwe akusebenzi noma kudinge isinxephezelo esikhulu. Isisebenzi, ngokwaso, siyazi ukuthi Ngeke aphumelele kuleyo nkampani.ukuthi indawo yokusebenza imbi nokuthi banezinketho ezinhle zokuthola umsebenzi omusha kwenye indawo. Kuleso simo, ukuxoshwa okungafanele okuqashelwayo kungaxoxiswana ngakho, ngenani elinqunyiwe lesinxephezelo, okuvumela izinhlangothi zombili ukuthi zihlukane ngaphandle kwecala.
Esimweni esihlelwe kahle, isisebenzi singakwazi qala uthole omunye umsebenzi bese bexoxisana ngephakheji yokudilizwa kwenkampani, ngaleyo ndlela bathole isinxephezelo esikhulu futhi bagweme isikhathi eside sokungasebenzi. Ngenxa yalokho, inkampani iqeda umthombo wokungezwani kanye nengxabano engaba khona yezomthetho ngokuthatha izindleko ezivunyelwene ngazo zokudilizwa kwenkampani.
Umehluko omkhulu uma uqhathaniswa nokuxoshwa okuvamile ukuthi, ekuxoshweni okuxoxiswane ngakho, Akukho ukuphoqelelwa kohlangothi olulodwaKukhona ingxoxo, izingxoxo, isivumelwano esibhaliwe, kanye nokusayina kwamahhala (okungenani ephepheni). Lokhu kuvame ukunciphisa ukungqubuzana futhi kuvumela ukufakwa kwezinto ezingase zingacatshangwa ekuxoshweni okuqondile, njengokuqeqeshwa kokubekwa emsebenzini, ukugcinwa kwesikhashana kwezinzuzo ezithile, noma izivumelwano zokubhekisela.
Imiphumela yezomthetho yokuxoshwa okuxoxiswane ngayo
Ukuxoshwa okuvunyelwene ngakho, kanjalo, Akuveli ngaphansi kwalelo gama. kuMthetho Wezisebenzi, kodwa usekelwe ngokomthetho emiqondweni ejwayelekile: ukuqedwa ngesivumelwano sobabili, ukuvuma kwenkampani ukungalungi kokuxoshwa, noma ukuxoshwa okuqondile/okuhlangene okuhambisana nesinxephezelo esithuthukisiwe okuvunyelwene ngaso. Isihluthulelo ukuthi isivumelwano kumele sihlale sihlonipha amalungelo aphansi adingekayo lokho okusungulwa ngumthetho.
Ukuze ukuxoshwa ngesivumelwano kube semthethweni, kubalulekile ukuthi umsebenzi ukhululekile futhi uqaphile ngempelaQiniseka ukuthi uyazi amalungelo akho, ukuthi akukho ukuphoqelelwa noma ukukhohliswa, nokuthi imigomo ibhalwe phansi ngokucacile. Kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi ufune iseluleko sochwepheshe (ummeli wezemisebenzi, isisebenzi sezenhlalakahle) ngaphambi kokusayina, ikakhulukazi uma isivumelwano sihilela ukuhoxiswa okukhulu.
Izivumelwano eziningi zalolu hlobo zifaka isigaba lapho isisebenzi ulahla ilungelo lokuphikisa ukuxoshwa noma ukufaka isicelo semali eyengeziwe kamuva. Nakuba lokhu kuxolelwa kunemingcele (akukwazi ukususa amalungelo angenakuxolelwa), empeleni kusho ukuthi, uma isinxephezelo esivunyelwene ngaso sesitholiwe, kuzoba nzima kakhulu ukubuyela emuva ngaphandle kokuthi kutholakale ukukhwabanisa, ukukhohlisa noma ukwephulwa kwamalungelo ayisisekelo.
Udaba olubucayi kakhulu ukufinyelela izinzuzo zokungasebenzi. Ukuvuma ukuxoshwa ngenhloso eyodwa kuphela qamba icala bese uqoqa izinzuzo zokungasebenzi Lokhu kuyinkohliso yezokuphepha komphakathi. Uma i-SEPE (Spanish Public Employment Service) ithola ukubambisana phakathi kwenkampani nesisebenzi ukuze kudalwe isimo sokungasebenzi esisemthethweni, ingajezisa izinhlangothi zombili, ifune ukubuyiselwa kwemali etholiwe, futhi ikhokhise izinhlawulo ezinkulu.
Ukuxoshwa okuxoxiswane ngakho kungasizuzisa kanjani isisebenzi
Ngokombono wesisebenzi, ukuxoshwa okuxoxiswane kahle kungaphenduka ukuphuma okuhloniphekile nokuzuzisayo enkampanini. Ngokungafani nokuxoshwa emsebenzini okuqondiswa izigwegwe, okushiya isihlamba futhi kungenza kube nzima ukubhekisela esikhathini esizayo, isivumelwano esivuma ukuxoshwa okungafanele noma isivumelwano esivumelanayo esinezimo ezinhle sinikeza isithombe sokuvalwa kobungcweti kobudlelwano bomsebenzi.
Ngasohlangothini lwezomnotho, isisebenzi singafinyelela isinxephezelo esiphezulu ngezimfuneko zomthetho eziphansi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi lapho inkampani ifuna ukugwema izingozi zomthetho noma ukuvikela idumela layo. Ngezinye izikhathi ezinye izinzuzo nazo ziyafakwa: umshwalense wezempilo owengeziwe wezinyanga ezimbalwa, izinsizakalo zokubeka abanye emsebenzini noma zokubeka abanye emsebenzini, izifundo zokuqeqesha, noma ukugcinwa kwesikhashana kwezinzuzo ezithile zomphakathi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlela ukuhamba ngesivumelwano kunciphisa umthwalo ongokomzwelo. Isisebenzi asibhekene nokuxoshwa okungazelelwe nokungalindelekile, kodwa kunalokho inqubo ehlelekile kakhulu. okubikezelwayo nokulawulwayo, lapho ungaxoxisana khona ngezikhathi zokugcina, isaziso kusengaphambili kanye nezimo. Lokhu kusiza ukuphatha kangcono ushintsho lobuchwepheshe nolomuntu siqu.
Kodwa-ke, ukwamukela ukuxoshwa okuxoxiswane ngakho ngokuvamile kusho ukuthi yeka ukulwa enkantolo ngenxa yokwephulwa kwamalungelo okungenzeka noma ukuthola isinqumo esingcono ngokungasebenzi. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlola ngokuthula ukuthi lokho okunikezwayo kuyazuzisa ngempela yini, ikakhulukazi uma unehlobo oluthile lokuvikelwa (ukukhulelwa, amahora okusebenza ancishisiwe okunakekela izingane, izimo zokubandlululwa, njll.).
Izinzuzo nezingozi zokuxoshwa okuxoxiswana ngazo enkampanini
Enkampanini, ukusebenzisa inqubo yokuncishiswa kwabasebenzi okuvunyelwene ngayo kungaba yithuluzi elibalulekile ukugwema amacala amade futhi abizayoInqubo yokuxoshwa ngokomthetho idla isikhathi nezinsizakusebenza, idala ukungaqiniseki ngomphumela futhi, kwezinye izimo, yonakalise isithombe somphakathi sale nhlangano, ikakhulukazi uma izingxabano zokubandlululwa, ukuhlukunyezwa noma ukwephulwa kwamalungelo ayisisekelo zivezwa obala.
Ngesivumelwano, inkampani ingasetha kusengaphambili izindleko eziphelele zokuphumaDala ishejuli ehlelekile kakhulu yokuxoshwa emsebenzini futhi ulondoloze kangcono isimo sangaphakathi, ugweme izigcawu ezibuhlungu noma amahemuhemu aqhubekayo. Ungafaka futhi izigaba ezikuthakazelisayo, njengezivumelwano zobumfihlo, izigaba ezingancintisani, noma izivumelwano ezimelene nokucela amakhasimende nabasebenzi.
Kodwa-ke, uma inhlangano ihlukumeza lezi zivumelwano noma iziphatha ngokunganaki, kungase kunikeze umbono wokuthi kulula ukuxoxisana ngezindlela zokuphuma ezizuzisayoLokhu kungase kukhuthaze abanye abasebenzi abanganelisekile ukuthi bafune izivumelwano ezifanayo, okwandisa kakhulu izindleko zabasebenzi zokuhlelwa kabusha noma ukushintshana kwabasebenzi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, noma yisiphi isivumelwano kumele sihambisane nezidingo zomthetho eziphoqelekile. Ukuxoshwa komuntu ngamunye okubhalwe phansi kabi ngaphandle kwesizathu sangempela, okubonwa njengendlela yokugwema ukuxoshwa komuntu ngamunye noma ukuvikelwa okukhethekile, kungabhekwa njengokungathi ukukhwabanisa noma ukungabi nalutho yizinkantolo. Kubalulekile ukuthi okuqukethwe yisivumelwano kuhambisane nomthetho wokuxoshwa okuqotho, okuhlangene, okuqondiswayo nokungafanele, nokuthi inkampani ibhale phansi isinqumo sayo ngendlela efanele.
Ingabe ukuxoshwa okuxoxiswane ngakho kusemthethweni? Izidingo eziyisisekelo
Ukuqedwa kwenkontileka ngesivumelwano esivumelwaneni kusemthethweni uma nje kuhlangatshezwana nezidingo ezithile. Eyokuqala, futhi ebaluleke kakhulu, ukuzithandela kwangempela kwesisebenziUkusayina ephepheni akwanele uma ngemuva kwalo kukhona izinsongo, ukukhohlisa, noma ingcindezi engalingani eqeda inkululeko yokuzikhethela.
Okwesibili, isisebenzi kumele sibe ulwazi olwanele ngamalungelo aboLokhu kusho ukuthi inkampani kumele inikeze iklayenti umbhalo obhaliwe ngesikhathi esifanele ukuze iwubukeze, nokuthi iklayenti kufanele livunyelwe ukuba khona lapho kusayinwa khona nomeluleki wezomthetho uma kudingeka. Emaqenjini asengozini ikakhulukazi (isibonelo, asebekhulile, abesifazane abakhulelwe, abameli bezomthetho), kudingeka ukuqaphela okukhulu.
Isivumelwano kumele sihlale sisemthethweni ngokubhala phansi, okubonisa ngokucacile ukuthi usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi, umholo obhekiselwe kuwo, uhlobo lokuxoshwa oluqashelwa (oluqotho, oluqondisa ngokungalungile, oluvumelanayo) kanye nemininingwane yesinxephezelo kanye nezinye izinzuzo noma izibopho zabo bobabili abathintekayo.
Okokugcina, isivumelwano asikwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukufihla izimo ze- ukukhwabanisa komthethoLokhu kuhlanganisa ukugwema ukuxoshwa kwabantu bonke ngokwenza uchungechunge lokuxoshwa komuntu ngamunye noma okuxoxiswane ngakho ngaphansi kwemingcele yezinombolo ebangela inqubo yokubuyiselwa kwabantu bonke emsebenzini (i-ERE). Ezimweni ezinjalo, uma abasebenzi bephikisana nokuxoshwa kwabantu bonke, izinkantolo zingakumemezela njengokungafanele.
Izinhlobo zokuxoshwa eSpain kanye nobudlelwano bazo nesinxephezelo
Ukuze uqonde ngokugcwele ukuthi inkokhelo yokuhlukanisa ngesivumelwano somuntu ngamunye isebenza kanjani, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi izinhlobo zokuxoshwa ezibikezelwe emthethweni wezabasebenzi waseSpain kanye nemiphumela yezomnotho yalokho ngakunye. Ngokubanzi, inkampani ingaqeda inkontileka ngokuxoshwa okuqondile, okuqondiswayo, noma okuhlangene, bese lokhu kungahlukaniswa njengokufanelekile, okungafanele, noma okungenamsebenzi.
Ukuxoshwa ngesivumelwano sobabili, njengomqondo othile wezomthetho, akunalo inani elinqunyiwe lesinxephezelo elisungulwe ngumthetho, kodwa empeleni inani elihlukile livame ukusetshenziswa. inkomba yezinsuku ngonyaka zezinhlobo ezahlukene: izinsuku ezingama-20 ngonyaka zokuxoshwa okuqondile, izinsuku ezingama-33 (futhi ekugcineni ezingama-45) zokuxoshwa okungafanele. Sizobheka uhlobo ngalunye ngokuningiliziwe ngezansi nokuthi lungena kanjani esu lokuxoshwa okuxoxiswana ngalo.
Kufanele futhi kukhunjulwe ukuthi kunezinye izinhlobo zokuqedwa komsebenzi ezihilela isinxephezelo: ukuphela kwenkontileka yesikhashana, ukuqedwa komsebenzi ngenxa yoshintsho olukhulu ezimweni zokusebenza, ukuqedwa komsebenzi ngenxa yokufa, ukukhubazeka noma umhlalaphansi womqashi, i-force majeure, njll. Konke lokhu kungahambisana nezivumelwano phakathi kwenkampani nesisebenzi mayelana namanani aphezulu kunobuncane obusemthethweni.
Ukuxoshwa okuhlosiwe: izimbangela, inqubo kanye nesinxephezelo
Ukuxoshwa okuhlosiwe kusetshenziswa uma kunezizathu zomnotho, zobuchwepheshe, zenhlangano, noma zokukhiqiza, noma lapho kuvela izimo ezithile ezihlobene nesisebenzi (ukungabi namandla, ukuntuleka kokuzivumelanisa nezimo, ukungabikho okufanelekile kodwa okungavamile ngaphakathi kwemingcele ethile). Kulawulwa ku Izihloko 52 no-53 yoMthetho Wezisebenzi.
Izimbangela ezibangelwa yinkampani zifaka phakathi, phakathi kwezinye, ukuba khona ukulahlekelwa kwamanje noma okulindelekile, ukwehla kwemali engenayo noma ukuthengisa kwamakota amabili alandelanayo uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule, izinguquko ezindleleni zokukhiqiza, ezinhlelweni zomsebenzi noma ekuhleleni ukukhiqiza, kanye nokwehluka okufanelekile kwesidingo semikhiqizo noma izinsizakalo ezinikezwayo.
Izimbangela ezibangelwa isisebenzi (noma ngabe azilona iphutha laso ngomqondo wokuziphatha) zifaka phakathi ukungakwazi okwaziwayo noma okutholiwe Kulesi sikhundla, ukuntuleka kokuzivumelanisa nezinguquko zobuchwepheshe ngemva kokuthola ukuqeqeshwa okufanele kanye nesikhathi esincane sezinyanga ezimbili sekudlulile, noma kuvumela kodwa ukungabikho emsebenzini okuphindaphindiwe okudlula amaphesenti athile ezinsuku zokusebenza ngezikhathi ezithile.
Kulolu hlobo lokuxoshwa, isinxephezelo esincane esisemthethweni yilesi Izinsuku eziyi-20 zeholo ngonyaka zisetshenziwengezinkokhelo zenyanga ezifika kwezingu-12. Inkampani kumele ihlinzeke incwadi yokuxoshwa ukuchaza izizathu, ngokuphathelene nesikhathi sesaziso sezinsuku ezingu-15 (noma ukukhokhela lezo zinsuku uma lokhu kungalandelwa) nokwenza isinxephezelo sitholakale esisebenzini ngesikhathi esisodwa nokuxhumana, ngaphandle kwezimo ezimbalwa ezivumelekile.
Ekuxoshweni ngesivumelwano, izinkampani eziningi zikhetha ukubhekisa ngokusemthethweni ukuhamba njengokuxoshwa okuqondile, kodwa zivuma ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sinxephezelo esincane noma ngisho nokuvuma ukungafaneleki kwasekuqaleni ukuze kukhushulwe izindleko ngaphezu kwalezo zinsuku ezingama-20 ngonyaka, ukuze kube nokuthula komphakathi futhi kukhishwe ilungelo lokuphonsela inselelo.
Ukuxoshwa kwesigwebo: nini lapho kufaneleka khona nokuthi yisiphi isinxephezelo okufanele sithathwe
Ukuxoshwa kwesigwebo kusekelwe ku- ukwephulwa okukhulu nokungafaneleki isisebenzi. Isigaba 54 soMthetho, esihambisana nezivumelwano ezihlangene, sibala izimbangela ezivame kakhulu: ukungabikho emsebenzini okuphindaphindiwe nokungenasizathu, ukungalaleli, ukwephulwa kokwethembeka okuhle kwesivumelwano, amacala ngamazwi noma ngokomzimba, ukwehla kokusebenza ngokuzithandela nangokuqhubekayo, ukudakwa noma ukuluthwa yizidakamizwa okuthinta ukuziphatha komsebenzi nokuhlukumeza.
Ngokwezomnotho, lokhu kuxoshwa akunikezi ilungelo lokuthola isinxephezeloIsisebenzi sinelungelo ukuhlala (amaholo asele, izinsuku zeholide ezingasetshenziswanga, izinkokhelo zebhonasi ezilinganiselwe kanye nanoma yiliphi elinye inani elikhokhwayo), ngaphezu kokukwazi ukuthola izinzuzo zokungasebenzi uma izidingo zomnikelo zihlangatshezwana nazo, kodwa akukho nkokhelo eyengeziwe yokuqedwa nje.
Ngenxa yalokhu kuntuleka kwesinxephezelo, futhi ngenxa yokuthi akukho saziso sangaphambilini esidingekayo, ezinye izinkampani zisebenzisa ukuxoshwa kwezigwegwe njenge indlela yokuphuma esheshayo ukuqeda ubudlelwano. Inkinga iphakama lapho isisebenzi siphikisa ukuxoshwa futhi siphumelela ukwenza ijaji likusho ukuthi akulungile, uma sibheka ukuthi imbangela ayikaqinisekiswa noma ukuthi kube namaphutha asemthethweni.
Ekuxoshweni ngesivumelwano, kuvamile ukuthi inkampani iqale izinqubo zokuqondiswa kwezigwegwe kodwa ivume ngokubhala kusukela ekuqaleni ukuthi ukungafanelekiLokhu kuhilela ukunikeza isisebenzi isinxephezelo esifanele (izinsuku ezingu-33/45 ngonyaka) ukuze sithole ilungelo lokuqhubeka nokuqulwa kwamacala. Enye indlela ukuvuma ukuxoshwa njengento engafanele ngesikhathi senqubo yokubuyisana, ebilokhu inikeza izinzuzo zentela zesinxephezelo.
Ukuxoshwa ngokuhlangene (ukuqedwa kwe-ERE) kanye nokuphuma okuxoxiswana ngakho
Uma inkampani idinga ukuqeda inani elikhulu lezinkontileka, okulandelayo kuyasetshenziswa: ukuxoshwa ngokuhlanganyela noma inqubo yokuxoshwa ngokuhlanganyela (i-ERE), elawulwa ku-Article 51 yoMthetho Wezisebenzi. I-ERE yenzeka lapho, phakathi nezinsuku ezingama-90, ukuxoshwa ngenxa yezizathu zezomnotho, zobuchwepheshe, zenhlangano, noma zokukhiqiza kuthinta okungenani abasebenzi abayi-10 ezinkampanini ezinabasebenzi abangaphansi kwe-100, u-10% wabasebenzi ezinkampanini ezinabasebenzi abayi-100 kuya ku-300, noma abasebenzi abangama-30 ezinkampanini ezinabasebenzi abangaphezu kuka-300.
Ukuxoshwa ngokuhlanganyela kwenzeka futhi lapho zonke izinkontileka zabasebenzi ziqedwa, uma nje kuthinteka abantu abangaphezu kwabahlanu. Kulesi simo, inkampani kumele vula isikhathi sokubonisana nabamele abasebenzi, banikeze amadokhumenti ezomnotho, ezobuchwepheshe kanye nawenhlangano, baxoxisane ngohlelo lokunciphisa ukudilizwa emsebenzini futhi badlulisele inqubo kubaphathi bezisebenzi.
Phakathi naleso sikhathi sokubonisana, kuvamile kakhulu ukuthi kube nezingxoxo isinxephezelo esingaphezu kwenani elisemthethweni izinsuku ezingama-20 ngonyaka (izinkokhelo eziphelele zenyanga eziyi-12), kanye nezinyathelo zokusekela: ukufuduka, amakhefu akhethekile okungabikho, ukuthatha umhlalaphansi ngaphambi kwesikhathi, njll. Icala ngalinye lichazwa ngezivumelwano ezihlangene, ezibe sezisetshenziswa ngabanye kulabo abathintekile.
Uma inkampani izama ukuhlukanisa ukuxoshwa okuqondile noma okuvunyelwene ngakho ngezikhathi ezahlukene ukuze ukubalekela imingcele Uma inkampani iphoqelekile ukuthi icubungule inqubo yokuxosha abasebenzi ngokuhlanganyela (i-ERE), izinkantolo zingase ziyibheke njengecala lokukhwabanisa. Uma kufakazelwa ukuthi izizathu ziyafana nokuthi ukuhlukana kuhlose ukugwema inqubo ehlangene, ukuxosha abasebenzi kungabhekwa njengokungelutho, kanye nesibopho sokubuyisela abasebenzi emsebenzini nokubuyisela amaholo.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezomthetho kokuxoshwa: okufanelekile, okungafanele noma okungafanele
Uma isisebenzi siphikisa ukuxoshwa kwaso, ijaji lingakubeka esigabeni sokuthi okufanele, okungamukeleki noma okungekhoIsilinganiso sinemiphumela eqondile esinxephezelweni kanye nezinketho ezitholakalayo kumuntu ngamunye.
Ukuxoshwa okufanele kungenye yezindlela lapho kuboniswa khona ukuthi kwakukhona izizathu zomthetho ezanele nokuthi umqashi uhambisane nezidingo ezisemthethweni. Uma ukuxoshwa bekungenxa yezizathu zokuqondiswa kwezigwegwe, akukho mholo wokudilizwa emsebenzini, kuphela isinxephezelo sokugcina. Uma bekungenxa yezizathu eziqondile, umholo wokudilizwa emsebenzini wezinsuku ezingu-20 ngonyaka wenkonzo kufanele ukhokhwe, kuze kufike emkhawulweni womholo wezinyanga ezingu-12, uma nje uqashelwe kahle futhi wakhokha.
Ukuxoshwa okungafanele kwenzeka lapho Imbangela ayibonakali noma izidingo zephulwa kakhulu (isibonelo, incwadi ejwayelekile ngokweqile, ukwehluleka ukunikeza inkokhelo yokudilizwa emsebenzini ezimweni zokuxoshwa okuqondile, njll.). Kulezi zimo, umqashi kumele akhethe phakathi kokubuyisela isisebenzi esikhundleni ngokukhokha imali ebuyiselwe noma ukuqeda inkontileka ngokuphelele ngokukhokha inkokhelo yokudilizwa efanele.
Ukungabi nalutho kugcinelwe amacala ukubandlululwa noma ukwephulwa kwamalungelo ayisisekelokanye namaqembu athile avikelwe ngokukhethekile (isibonelo, ukuxoshwa ngenxa yokukhulelwa ngaphandle kwesizathu esiqondile, ukuziphindiselela ngokusebenzisa ukumelwa kwezomthetho, ukwephulwa kweziqinisekiso zenyunyana, njll.). Umphumela oyinhloko ukubuyiselwa emsebenzini ngokushesha kwesisebenzi ngokukhokhwa kwayo yonke imivuzo engatholwanga kusukela ekuxoshweni kuze kube yilapho sibuyiselwa emsebenzini.
Uma kukhulunywa ngokuxoshwa okuvunyelwene ngakho, inkampani kanye nesisebenzi bavame ukufuna izindlela zokwenza lokho. gwema isivivinyo kanye nezingozi zesinqumo sokungasebenzi, okungabiza kakhulu enkampanini. Yingakho kunikezwa isinxephezelo esiphezulu ngokushintshana nokuxazulula impikiswano ngaphandle kwenkantolo.
Inani elisemthethweni lesinxephezelo sokuxoshwa
UMthetho Wezisebenzi ubeka ngendlela eqondile isinxephezelo esincane ezimweni ezahlukene zokuxoshwa. Ngokuxoshwa okuqondile nokweqembu, njengoba sibonile, umthetho ojwayelekile uthi izinsuku ezingu-20 zomholo ngonyaka wenkonzo, kanye nezinkokhelo zenyanga ezingu-12, izikhathi zokwehlukanisa ezingaphansi konyaka owodwa ngezinyanga futhi kucatshangwa ukuthi ingxenye ngayinye yenyanga iyinyanga egcwele.
Uma kumenyezelwa ukuxoshwa ngokungafaneleIsinxephezelo esijwayelekile sezinkontileka ezisayinwe kusukela mhla ziyi-12 kuNhlolanja 2012 kuqhubeke Izinsuku ezingu-33 zomholo ngonyakangesilinganiso sezinkokhelo zenyanga ezingu-24 (izinsuku ezingu-720). Uma umuntu esekhulile eqongelelwe ngaphambi kwalolo suku, kusetshenziswa izinsuku ezingu-45 ngonyaka kanye nomkhawulo wezinkokhelo zenyanga ezingu-42, maqondana nokuba khona kwazo zombili izinkathi ezinkontilekeni ngaphambi kokuguqulwa kuka-2012.
Lezi zinxephezelo, ngokomthetho, okuphelele futhi okuvaliweUmthetho ucabanga ukuthi ukulahlekelwa umsebenzi kubangela umonakalo okhokhelwa inani elithile lezinsuku ngonyaka, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokufakazela umonakalo othize noma inzuzo elahlekile. Ngisho noma isisebenzi sibonisa umonakalo omkhulu, ngokombono, akukho sinxephezelo esengeziwe okufanele sikhokhe ngaphandle kwasezimweni ezithile kakhulu (ukuxoshwa ngokungemthetho ngenxa yokwephulwa kwamalungelo ayisisekelo, isinxephezelo sokungabuyiselwa emsebenzini, njll.).
Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ngokuphelele ukuthi isivumelwano esihlanganyelwe noma inkontileka yomsebenzi ibeke ukuthuthukiswa kwesinxephezeloLokhu kungenziwa ngokujwayelekile esigabeni sabasebenzi noma ngezigaba zokuvikela zomuntu ngamunye. Kwenzeka okufanayo ekuxoshweni okuningi okuhlangene, lapho izinkampani kanye nezinyunyana zivumelana khona ngamanani angaphezu kwezinsuku ezingama-20 ezivunyelwe ngokomthetho, ngezikali ezisekelwe ebudaleni, ubudala, noma izimo zomuntu siqu.
Isinxephezelo esengeziwe uma kwenzeka ukuxoshwa ngokungemthetho kanye nokungabuyiselwa esikhundleni
Uma kwenzeka ukuxoshwa emsebenzini okungekho emthethweni ngenxa yokwephulwa kwamalungelo ayisisekelo noma ukubandlululwa, ngaphezu kwalokho amaholo okwamukelwa kabusha kanye nokucubungulaIsisebenzi singase sifune isinxephezelo esengeziwe ngomonakalo wokuziphatha kanye nokunye ukulahlekelwa. Izinkantolo zivame ukusebenzisa izinhlawulo ezibekwe eMthethweni Wezokwephulwa Komthetho kanye Nezijeziso ku-Social Order (LISOS) njengereferensi, zilungisa inani ngokuya ngobukhulu bomonakalo, ubude bokuziphatha, ubude benkonzo yesisebenzi, kanye nezimo ezithile.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho isahlulelo sokugcina simemezela ukuxoshwa njengokungafanele futhi umqashi akuphumeleli ukwamukelwa kabusha Uma isisebenzi singabuyiselwa emsebenzini, noma uma ukubuyiselwa emsebenzini kwenziwa ngendlela engafanele, isisebenzi singafaka isicelo sokungabuyiselwa emsebenzini. Kuleso sinqumo, ijaji lingaqeda ubudlelwano bomsebenzi futhi libeke isinxephezelo esengeziwe somholo wezinsuku ezingu-15 ngonyaka wenkonzo, kanye nomholo wezinyanga ezingu-12, obalwa kusukela esikhathini esidlulile kuze kube usuku lwesinqumo.
Lesi sinxephezelo sokungabuyiselwa asisetshenziswa ngokuzenzakalelayo: kuyadingeka ukufakazela umonakalo omkhulu esivele sikhokhelwa yisinxephezelo esivamile, futhi isisebenzi kumele sikucele ngokucacile uma kwenzeka kukhishwa isahlulelo.
Nakuba lezi zibalo zingafani nokuxoshwa ngesivumelwano, zibonisa ukuthi uhlelo lwaseSpain lucabanga, kwezinye izimo, isinxephezelo esingaphezu kwesilinganiso esijwayelekileLokhu kubalulekile lapho kuxoxiswana ngezivumelwano zokuphuma, njengoba inkampani inganikeza inani elifana nalokho ijaji elingakubeka kusengaphambili uma kutholakala ukwephulwa kwamalungelo.
Isinxephezelo esengeziwe ekuxoshweni okungafanele: imfundiso ephikiswanayo
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ezinye iziNkantolo Eziphakeme Zobulungiswa seziqalile ukuvuma, ngendlela ekhethekile, ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kubekwe isinxephezelo esengeziwe Ezimweni zokuxoshwa ngokungafanele, ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezingu-33/45 ngonyaka, lapho inani elisemthethweni linganele futhi lingenawo umthelela wokuvinjelwa enkampanini.
Lo mugqa uphikisana ngokuthi, lapho isinxephezelo esilinganisiwe sivela okuncane (isibonelo, umholo wenyanga eyodwa ongaphansi)Futhi uma ukuxoshwa kwenzeka ngaphandle kwesizathu sangempela noma ngokusebenzisa kabi amalungelo okubangela ukulimala okukhulu kakhulu kubasebenzi (isibonelo, ukuyeka umsebenzi ozinzile ukuze wamukele inkontileka yesikhashana ephazamisekile ngemva kwenyanga), ukusetshenziswa okuqinile kwesikali saseSpain kuzophula i-Revised European Social Charter kanye ne-ILO Convention 158, ezidinga isinxephezelo esanele kanye nesijeziso esinomphumela wokuvimbela umqashi.
Kulezi zimo, izinkantolo ezivumela isinxephezelo esengeziwe zidinga isisebenzi ukuthi imininingwane edingekayo Isisekelo sesimangalo: umonakalo othile wezomnotho (irenti, izindleko zokufuduka, ukulahlekelwa yithuba lomsebenzi, ukuntuleka kweminikelo yezinzuzo) kanye nomonakalo wokuziphatha oqinisekisiwe. Isinxephezelo esengeziwe asikhishwa ngokuzenzakalelayo, futhi asivunyelwe ukusifaka isicelo kamuva enkambisweni yemali ehlukile.
Kodwa-ke, ezinye iziNkantolo Eziphakeme zenqaba ngokuphelele lokhu okungenzeka, zithi uhlelo lwaseSpain lwesinxephezelo esinqunyiwe seluvele lumenyezelwe ngokomthethosisekelo futhi kuyahambisana neSivumelwano 158 yiNkantolo Yomthethosisekelo, nokuthi i-European Social Charter ayinawo umphumela oqondile ohlelweni lwethu lwezomthetho. Kulesi sikole sokucabanga, ukwethula isinxephezelo esengeziwe ngendlela evamile kungafana nokubhala kabusha umthetho ngezinkantolo.
Lokhu kungqubuzana kwemibono kuqiniswe ngemuva kwesinqumo esenziwe yi- IKomidi LaseYurophu Lamalungelo Omphakathi (i-ECSR)Inkantolo inqume ukuthi imikhawulo yesinxephezelo sokuxoshwa ngokungafanele eSpain ayiqinisekisi isinxephezelo esanele noma esivimbelayo ngokwanele kuzo zonke izimo, nokuthi ukuphendukela esinxephezelweni esengeziwe kunqunyelwe ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu. Nakuba lesi sinqumo singabopheli ngokusemthethweni ngokuphelele, sithonya ingxoxo yezimfundiso futhi singaholela ezinguqukweni zomthetho esikhathini esizayo.
Isinxephezelo sokuqedwa kwezinkontileka zesikhashana kanye nokunye ukuqedwa
Ngaphandle kokuxoshwa, umthetho uphinde uhlinzekele ngesinxephezelo uma izinkontileka zesikhashana ziyaqedwaNgokuguqulwa kwezabasebenzi, ukuqedwa kwezinkontileka ngenxa yezimo zokukhiqiza kunikeza isisebenzi ilungelo lokuthola isinxephezelo somholo wezinsuku eziyi-12 ngonyaka wenkonzo, noma noma yiliphi inani elibekwe yimithethonqubo ethile uma lithuthuka kulelo nani.
Leli nani lingeziwe kwezinye izinxephezelo zokuxoshwa okungekhona ukuqondiswa kwezigwegwe, njengalezo ezidalwe yi ukuqedwa kwenkontileka ngesicelo sesisebenzi Uma kwenzeka ukwephulwa okukhulu ngumqashi, ukuqedwa ngu izinguquko ezinkulu ngezimo zokusebenza ezingamukelwa yisisebenzi, noma ukunyamalala kobuntu bomthetho bomqashi.
Uma kukhulunywa ngokuxoshwa ngesivumelwano, kuvamile ukuthi amaqembu asebenzise la manani asemthethweni njenge indawo yokuqalakodwa ukuthi ekugcineni bayavumelana ngamanani aphezulu ngokuxoxisana, kuye ngokuthi umuntu uneminyaka emingaki, umholo, isikhundla sesisebenzi kanye nengozi yokuqulwa kwecala.
Izici ezisebenzayo zokubala isinxephezelo
Ukubala inkokhelo yokuqedwa komsebenzi ngendlela efanele—kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuxoshwa ngesivumelwano, ukuxoshwa okuqondile, ukuxoshwa okungalungile kokuqondiswa kwezigwegwe, noma ukuxoshwa ngokuhlanganyela—kudinga ukuqonda okucacile kwalokhu iholo elilawulayoUbude obuqondile benkonzo kanye nohlobo lokuxoshwa nakho kuyadingeka. UMkhandlu Jikelele Wezobulungiswa unikeza ithuluzi lokubala elisemthethweni lapho, ngokufaka usuku lokuqala, usuku lokuphela, kanye nomholo (nsuku zonke, nyanga zonke, noma ngonyaka), kutholakala isilinganiso esibonakalayo senkokhelo yokudilizwa ngokusekelwe ezizathwini ezahlukene zokuqedwa. Imiphumela yayo ayibophezeli ngokomthetho, kodwa inikeza isiqiniseko esingokomthetho.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezibali eziningi ezizimele nezingochwepheshe eziku-inthanethi ezikuvumela ukuthi ulinganisele: isinxephezelo se ukuxoshwa okungafanele, ukuxoshwa okuqondile, ukuxoshwa ngokuhlanganyela, ukuqedwa ngenxa yokuguqulwa okukhuluUkuphoqeleka okukhulu, ukuqedwa komsebenzi noma isevisi, ukufa kwesisebenzi noma umqashi, izinkontileka zokukhushulwa emsebenzini, izinkontileka zosomabhizinisi, njll. Nakuba ziwusizo njengokulinganisa kokuqala, kuwukuhlakanipha ukubuyekeza ukubalwa kamuva nochwepheshe uma inani liphezulu noma icala liyinkimbinkimbi.
Ezindabeni zentela, umthetho ojwayelekile uwukuthi izinkokhelo zokuyeka umsebenzi ezingadluli imingcele esemthethweni ebekwe yokuxoshwa ngokungafanele Abakhokhiswa intela yengeniso yomuntu siqu.uma nje ukungamukeleki kungavunyelwananga ngakho ngokukhwabanisa komthetho. Ngakho-ke, ukuqashelwa kokungamukeleki ku umthetho wokubuyisana Inkonzo yokulamula kanye nokulamula ibilokhu ibalulekile: iqinisa ukubonakala kwengxabano yangempela kanye nesinqumo esingakahlelwa kusengaphambili.
Kunoma ikuphi, uma ukuxoshwa ngesivumelwano kuhilela izimali eziphakeme kakhulu kunezinga eliphansi elisemthethweni, noma uma ukuhoxa kuhlelwe ukuthi kubonakale njengokungqubuzana okungelona iqiniso, iziphathimandla zentela zingase zicabangele ukuthi ingxenye yenani iholo elifihliwe noma imali engenayo ekhokhiswa intela. Ngakho-ke, ukwakheka kwentengiselwano kufanele kwenziwe ngeseluleko sentela ngaphezu kweseluleko sabasebenzi.
Izivumelwano zokukhokha ngokulahlekelwa yisikhathi kanye nokukhishwa kwezicelo
Ezimweni eziningi, ukuxoshwa ngesivumelwano kwenziwa ngokusemthethweni ngokusebenzisa isivumelwano sokuxazulula kanye nesinxephezelo lapho isisebenzi simemezela ukuthi sithole imali ekweletwayo nganoma yisiphi isizathu futhi silahla ilungelo lokufaka izicelo zesikhathi esizayo enkampanini maqondana nobudlelwano bomsebenzi obuqediwe.
ESpain, lokhu kuxolelwa kunemingcele: akukwazi ukususa amalungelo isisebenzi esingakawatholi noma angenakususwa, futhi akukwazi ukufihla ukwephulwa kwamalungelo ayisisekelo. Kodwa-ke, ngokwemibandela engokoqobo, Zinciphisa kakhulu umkhawulo emacaleni alandelayo, uma nje kungekho sici semvume noma ukukhwabanisa okufakazelwe.
Kwezinye izinhlelo zomthetho, njengoba kubonakala ezibonelweni ezivela e-United States, lezi zivumelwano zokuhlukaniswa kwezibopho zivame ukuba zibanzi kakhulu, kufaka phakathi izigaba eziphelele mayelana ulahla izimangalo zokuxoshwa ngokungafanele, ukubandlululwa, ukuhlukunyezwaizicelo zomholo, njll., ngokushintshana ngamaphakheji esinxephezelo angaba makhulu. Nakuba kungasebenzi ngqo eSpain, lokhu kusiza ukuchaza ukuthi kungani izinkampani ziwazisa kakhulu la mathuluzi.
Kubasebenzi, ukusayina lolu hlobo lwesivumelwano ngaphandle kokuqonda ngokugcwele ukuthi luhilelani kuyalimaza. amalungelo owalahlayo Lokhu kungaba yiphutha elikhulu, ikakhulukazi uma kunezinkomba eziqinile zokuxoshwa emsebenzini ngokuziphindiselela, ukubandlululwa, noma ukuhlukunyezwa. Ezimweni ezinjalo, isu elifanele kungaba ukwenqaba isivumelwano bese ulandela izinyathelo zomthetho, noma ukuxoxisana ngephakheji elingcono kakhulu elizokhokhela ngempela ukwesula emsebenzini.
Izici ezingokomzwelo, zokuhlela kanye nokuphatha zokuxoshwa emsebenzini
Ngokombono wezinsizakusebenza zabantu, ukuxoshwa emsebenzini—kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuvunyelwene ngakho noma cha—kuhlale kuyinto isimo esibucayi nesingathandekiUmuntu okhuluma ngesinqumo kumele azi ukuthi angayiphatha kanjani imizwa, achaze izizathu ngokucacile, agweme ukuhlazeka, futhi ahloniphe isithunzi sesisebenzi kuze kube usuku lokugcina.
Inqubo yokuxoshwa engaphathwanga kahle ingadala umonakalo omkhulu ku indawo yokusebenza kanye nedumela langaphakathi enkampanini, okudala ukungathembani nokwesaba. Ngokuphambene nalokho, inqubomgomo esobala, enolwazi oluhle ngezinhlobo zokuxoshwa, izidingo zomthetho, inkokhelo efanele yokuxoshwa emsebenzini, kanye nezinketho zokubekwa emsebenzini, iveza ubuqotho nenhlonipho, ngisho nalapho kufanele kwenziwe izinqumo ezinzima.
Kumsebenzi, ukubhekana nokuxoshwa okuxoxiswane ngakho kuhilela nokulawula okulindelwe kanye nemizwa yakhe. Nakuba ukuthola inkokhelo yokudilizwa emsebenzini kungase kubonakale sengathi kusiza ngokwezimali, kubalulekile. Ungasheshi ukusayinahlola imiphumela yomsebenzi (isibonelo, ukungasebenzi ngaphandle kokuthola esinye isiphakamiso senkampani) bese ucabangela umthelela emsebenzini esikhathini esiphakathi neside.
Ngamafuphi, inkokhelo yokuyeka umsebenzi ngesivumelwano sobabili iphakathi kokuqina kwezikali zomthetho kanye nokuguquguquka kwezingxoxo zomuntu ngamunye. Uma isetshenziswa ngokuhlakanipha, ivumela inkampani kanye nesisebenzi ukuthi baxoxisane ngempumelelo enkulu. izindlela ezihlukene ngomonakalo omncaneuma nje imithetho engaphansi kwezomthetho ihlonishwa, ukukhwabanisa kuyagwenywa, futhi kuqashelwa kokubili izinombolo kanye nabantu abathintekayo.
