Ukuzinza kwezezimali emhlabeni wonke kuvame ukunqunywa emahhovisi akude kakhulu nokukhanya kwabezindaba baseYurophu, kodwa imiphumela yako ekugcineni ifinyelela ezimakethe zaseMadrid naseFrankfurt. Kulokhu, wonke amehlo abheke ohambweni lukaSantiago Bausili, inhloko yamanje yeBhange Elikhulu lase-Argentina, oye waya e-Asia ene-ajenda, yize igxile ngokusemthethweni esithangamini sobuchwepheshe, ephethe isihluthulelo sekusasa lokushintshaniswa kwemali kwamanye amazwe kwesizwe saseNingizimu Melika .
Lesi sinyathelo asibalulekile, njengoba ubudlelwano bezezimali phakathi kweBuenos Aires neBeijing buyisisekelo sokulinganisela izinqolobane esimweni somhlaba wonke lapho ukugeleza kwemali kungazi mingcele. Nakuba kwenziwa imizamo yokuveza isithombe sokujwayelekile kwezikhungo, imakethe ilindele ngokulindela noma yiluphi uphawu oluqinisekisa ukwelulwa kwesivumelwano esihlinzeka ngempumuzo ethile ezimalini zomphakathi ngezikhathi zokungezwani kwemali.
Umsebenzi oya eBeijing kanye nendima yeBhange Lezivumelwano Zamazwe Ngamazwe
Izaba ezisemthethweni zalolu hambo ukubamba iqhaza esithangamini esihlelwe yiBhange Lezokuhlalisana Kwamazwe Ngamazwe, okuyisikhungo esivame ukunganakwa umphakathi jikelele kodwa esiyinhliziyo yamabhange amakhulu omhlaba . UBausili uzosebenzisa ukuhlala kwakhe ukuze ahlanganyele engxoxweni yephaneli nabalingani bakhe abavela ezifundeni ezahlukene, ehlaziya izitayela zokungaqiniseki kwezezimali ezibangela ukukhathazeka okukhulu ngaphakathi kwe-European Union kanye neBhange Elikhulu laseYurophu.
Kodwa-ke, ngasese, inhloso iwukulungisa ukungezwani nokuqinisa ukwethembana ne-People's Bank of China. Imithombo esemthethweni ikwenze kwacaca ukuthi isimemezelo esisheshayo akufanele silindelwe ekupheleni kwaleli sonto, njengoba i-diplomacy yezomnotho yase-Asia ihamba ngesivinini esilinganiselwe futhi usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi olusemthethweni lwesivumelwano sohlaka luzofika ngo-Agasti . Ngakho-ke, lokhu kuyisinyathelo esidingekayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izimali ezigciniwe azifakwa engozini esikhathini esifushane.
Ngokombono wabatshalizimali baseYurophu, ukuqhubeka kwalokhu kushintshana kubhekwa njengesiqinisekiso sokuthi izwe lizokwazi ukuqhubeka nokuhlangabezana nezibopho zalo zangaphandle. Ukugcina iziteshi ezivulekile neBeijing, empeleni, kuyisu elidingekayo lokwehlukahluka ezweni lapho idola lingasayona yodwa imali ebusayo, into elandelwa ngentshisekelo ekhethekile eSpain ngenxa yokuba khona okukhulu kwezinkampani ze-IBEX 35 eSouthern Cone.
Ingxoxo ibonakala ingaguquguquki. Akukho zinguquko ezinkulu eziphakanyisiwe kule ndlela, okuphakamisa ukuthi izinhlangothi zombili zibheka leli thuluzi njengelizinzile nelihlala njalo . Lokhu kuhambisana kubalulekile ukuze kugwenywe ukushaqeka ezimakethe zezikweletu, lapho ingozi ebonwayo yezwe ingashintsha kakhulu uma imithombo yalo ehlukile yezimali ibhekwa njengesengozini noma ibhekene nohlobo oluthile lokuxinana kwezepolitiki.
Ukuze siqonde kahle ukuthi sikhuluma ngani, kuyasiza ukuhlukanisa lokhu kushintshana kube yizingqimba ezintathu ezihlukene. Esokuqala yisivumelwano sohlaka, uhlobo lwesambulela esihlanganisa cishe amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-19.000 esichaza imithetho yomdlalo. Sakha isisekelo sobudlelwano bezezimali phakathi kwamazwe amabili, obuvuselelwa njalo eminyakeni emithathu kusukela ekupheleni kweshumi leminyaka elidlule, bubekezelela imijikelezo ehlukene yezepolitiki nezomnotho emazweni womabili.
Isendlalelo sesibili yi-tranche esebenzayo, okuyingxenye yaleyo mali efakwa ekusetshenzisweni. Uhulumeni wamanje wenze umsebenzi wakhe wasekhaya kulokhu, wafinyelela ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwezimali ezisetshenziswayo. Eqinisweni, inani elisetshenzisiwe lisuke ezigidigidini laya esibalweni esiphansi kakhulu, okubonisa ukuhlanzwa kwama-akhawunti okumangaze abahlaziyi bamazwe ngamazwe ngenjabulo.
Okokugcina, sinezimali ezisetshenzisiwe ngempela, okuyizo ezidala inzalo. Ngokukhokha ingxenye enkulu yalezi zinsizakusebenza nokuzigcina kuma-akhawunti endawo, iBhange Elikhulu liyakwazi ukonga izindleko ezinkulu zezimali . Kuyindlela yobuciko yokuphatha izimali: unemali etholakalayo uma kwenzeka, kodwa awuyikhokhi uma ungayidingi ngokushesha, ngaleyo ndlela kuqiniswe ibhalansi yesikhungo.
Lokhu kuguquguquka kubalulekile ekuphatheni ukulawulwa kwezimali kanye nemithethonqubo ebekwe yilesi sikhulu sase-Asia. Ngokuhambisa izimali ngokwesu lokugcina imali, umuntu angakhetha ukuba nezikhundla ezimakethe zaphesheya kwezilwandle noma azibuyisele ezweni lakubo ukuze afinyelele amazinga angcono . Ekugcineni, umdlalo wobunjiniyela bezimali ovumela igunya lezezimali ithuba elikhulu lokuhamba lapho kubhekene nezenzakalo zomhlaba ezingalindelekile.
Umthelela kwezentengiselwano kanye nokuvikela izindawo zokugcina zomhlaba wonke
Lesi sivumelwano sezezimali asinakuhlukaniswa namaqiniso okuhweba kwamanye amazwe. Ukungenisa okuvela eShayina kube nokukhula okumangalisayo, okufinyelele cishe ku-55% esikhathini esidlule. Lokhu kugeleza kwezimpahla, okuhlanganisa konke kusukela kubuchwepheshe kuya kokufakwayo kwezimboni, kudinga ukugcinwa okuqinile kokushintshaniswa kwemali yangaphandle ukuze kugwenywe ukuvimbela umsebenzi wezomnotho wasekhaya, inkinga abanye abalingani bezohwebo njengeBrazil ne-European Union abayibhekisisa eduze.
Uhulumeni ukhethe inqubomgomo yokukhululeka kwezohwebo, ukuqeda izithiyo ezazivimbela ukungena kwezimpahla ngaphambili. Ngokwenza kube lula lokhu kushintshana, iShayina iqinise isikhundla sayo njengomlingani okhulise kakhulu isabelo sayo semakethe. Ngakho-ke, ukuvuselela ukushintshaniswa kwemali akuyona nje into efiselekayo ngokwezimali, kodwa kuyithuluzi lokuzivikela elinobuhlakani ukuqinisekisa ukuthi injini yokungenisa impahla ayimi ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-yuan.
Kuyamangaza ukubona ukuthi, naphezu kokuhambisana kwezepolitiki namanye amazwe aseNtshonalanga, iqiniso lezomnotho lisho ukuthi izinto ziyasebenza. Uhulumeni wamanje uyaqonda ukuthi ukuzinza kwezimali ezigciniwe kuncike kakhulu ekugcineni le ntambo yenkaba neBeijing. Kuyibhalansi ebucayi phakathi kwenqubomgomo yezangaphandle kanye nezidingo eziphuthumayo zomnotho ofuna ukululama eminyakeni eminingi yokuguquguquka okukhulu.
Lokhu kuhambisana nempumelelo kwezinye izingxenye, njengokuthenga imali yangaphandle emakethe yezohwebo kanye nokuthola imali mboleko ezinhlanganweni zamabhange zamazwe ngamazwe. Zonke lezi zinyathelo zihlose ukunciphisa ukuthembela ezindleleni ezingavamile, kodwa ngaphandle kokuzishiya ngokuphelele. Umgomo omkhulu ukuthi izwe likwazi ukuzimela ngaphandle kwesidingo sezinsizakalo zezimali ezihlala njalo, yize kuhlale kukuhle ukuba nazo zitholakale kalula.
Esikhathini esifushane, ukunaka kuzohlala kugxile emininingwaneni yobuchwepheshe yokwandiswa. Nakuba izikhathi ezijwayelekile zisikisela ukuthi isivumelwano esisayiniwe ngeke siphothulwe kuze kube sehlobo, isimo samanje sokuqondana sisusa ukungaqiniseki okuningi okwakulenga emnothweni wase-Argentina ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule. Ingxoxo ebushelelezi phakathi kwamaqembu obuchwepheshe iyisibonakaliso esihle kakhulu sokuthi womabili la mazwe anesifiso sokugcina lesi simo sikhona.
Ikhono lokuzivumelanisa nezidingo zomongo wezezimali wamazwe ngamazwe lizoba uvivinyo olukhulu. Uma isivumelwano sivuselelwa ngemibandela efanayo nangaphambili, izwe lizobe selithole isikhathi esibalulekile sokuqhubeka nokuguqula isakhiwo salo esikhiqizayo. Ukugxila kusesikhathini esizayo, ngethemba lokuthi isinyathelo ngasinye esithathwa kwamanye amazwe sizohumusha ukuzethemba okukhulu kwabatshalizimali kanye nemali yendawo ebikezelwayo kakhulu yesakhamuzi esivamile.
Izingxoxo eziholwa nguSantiago Bausili zimelela isinyathelo esiyisisekelo ekuvikeleni ukwakheka kwezezimali kwesizwe ngokumelene nokushaqeka okungenzeka kwangaphandle, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi indlela yokushintshana neChina ihlala iwukusekelwa okuthembekile. Ukuhlanganiswa kokuphathwa kwezikweletu okuqinile, okuye kwawa phansi kakhulu, kanye nokusebenza kahle ebudlelwaneni bezohwebo, kubeka igunya lezezimali esimweni esiqinile sokuhlangabezana nokuvuthwa kuka-Agasti. Esimweni somhlaba wonke esixhumene kangaka, ukuvuselela lesi sibopho akugcini nje ngokuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwemali ngokushesha kodwa futhi kuthumela umlayezo wokuqhubeka kanye nokubaluleka kwezikhungo okubalulekile ekugcineni ukuzinza kwezimali ezigciniwe kanye namandla okushintshana kwezomnotho kwamazwe ngamazwe.