Eminyakeni yamuva nje, igama elithi Next Generation EU Funds lithole ukuvelela kwabezindaba, ezombusazwe nakwezebhizinisi. Kodwa ingabe siyazi ngempela ukuthi ziquketheni, ukuthi zakhiwe kanjani, nokuthi ziyini ububanzi bazo bangempela? Thola ukungena nokuphuma kwalezi zimali Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi i-European Union ibhekana kanjani nenkinga ebangelwe yilolu bhubhane nokuthi ayini amathuba okuvuselela umnotho waseSpain kanye noguquko.
Le ndatshana ifuna ukuchaza ngokugcwele nangokuqondakalayo ukuthi iyini I-Next Generation EU Funds, ukuthi isetshenziswa kanjani, nokuthi uyini umthelela wazo emikhakheni nasezindaweni ezahlukene. Kusukela emsuka waleli thuluzi elingakaze libonwe ngaphambili kuya emathubeni athile eliwanikezayo amabhizinisi, ama-freelancers, nohulumeni, sizohlanganisa wonke ama-engeli ukuze sikunikeze umbono ocacile nowakamuva.
Yiziphi Izimali Zesizukulwane Esilandelayo ze-EU?
I-Next Generation EU Funds imele impendulo ye-European Union enesifiso esikhulu nehlelekile emiphumeleni yobhubhane lwe-COVID-19.. Zivele ngoJulayi 2020, lapho uMkhandlu WaseYurophu ugunyaza ukwakhiwa kwethuluzi lokutakula isikhashana elinikezwe amandla. 750.000 million euroNgokokuqala ngqa emlandweni, i-EU yanquma ukukhipha isikweletu ngokuhlanganyela egameni lawo wonke Amazwe Angamalungu ayo, okubonisa indlela esekelwe ubumbano nokuzibophezela ekwakheni ikusasa elivamile eliqinile nelizinzile.
Inhloso enkulu yalezi zimali Inhloso yawo ukunqanda igalelo lezomnotho nezenhlalo elibangelwa inkinga yezempilo, ukuqinisa ukubumbana, nokwenza kube lula uguquko lwamazwe e-EU. Kodwa ububanzi bayo budlula ukulungisa nje: ifuna ukubeka izisekelo zomnotho wase-Europe oluhlaza, odijithali, nobandakanya wonke umuntu waseYurophu eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo.
Yakheka kanjani i-Next Generation EU: Amathuluzi amakhulu
Inhliziyo yephakheji ye-Next Generation EU amathuluzi ezezimali amabili amakhulu.:
- I-Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF).
- REACT-EU.
I-MRR iyinsika eyisisekelo, elawula iningi lezinsiza, kuyilapho i-REACT-EU isebenza njengomphelelisi, inikeza ukusekelwa okwengeziwe Kumazwe Angamalungu ukuze kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuphendula ngokushesha..
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingxenye yezimali iphinde idluliselwe kwezinye izinhlelo ezihambisanayo., njenge-European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD), i-Just Transition Fund (JTF), i-Horizon Europe (R&D&I), i-InvestEU kanye namanye amaphrojekthi aphishekela izinjongo zamasu zezwekazi.
I-Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF)
I-MRR ngokungangabazeki iwumgogodla we-Next Generation EU, enikezwe cishe ama-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-672.500.Umgomo wayo ukusekela izifundazwe ukuqaliswa kwezinguquko zesakhiwo kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali okuletha uguquko, egxile ekusimameni, ekusetshenzisweni kwedijithali nasekuqiniseni umnotho wabo.
ISpain iphakathi kwabahlomuli abakhulu be-MRR, ngesabelo esicishe sibe ngamabhiliyoni angu-140.000, sihlukaniswe phakathi kokudluliswa kwemali okungakhokhelwa kanye nemalimboleko ethambile. Ngokusho kwedatha yakamuva, cishe ama-€ 60.000-€70.000 ezigidigidi afana nokudluliselwa ngaphandle kwesibopho sokubuyisela, futhi enye i-€70.000-€80.000 billion ihambisana nemalimboleko.
Izwe ngalinye elibambe iqhaza kwadingeka liklame futhi lethule i-National Recovery and Resilience Plan yalo, echaza ukutshalwa kwezimali nezinguquko obekuhloswe ukuzenza ngo-December 31, 2026. Lezi zinhlelo bekufanele zigunyazwe ngokobuchwepheshe yiKhomishini YaseYurophu futhi zigunyazwe uMkhandlu ngokwepolitiki, kuqinisekiswe ukuhambisana nezinjongo zoguquko lwezemvelo, idijithali, kanye nokubumbana komphakathi nendawo.
Endabeni yeSpanishi, iSpain Can Plan iveza umgwaqo wayo ozungeze izimbazo ezine ezinqamulayo:
- Ukuguquka kwemvelo.
- Ukuguqulwa kwedijithali.
- Ukubumbana komphakathi nendawo.
- Ukulingana ngokobulili.
Lezi zimbazo zihlukaniswe zibe izinqubomgomo eziyishumi ze-lever kanye nemigqa ethile yesenzo engu-30., kusukela kwezemfundo kanye ne-R&D&I kuya ekufakweni komphakathi, ukuqinisa umphakathi wamabhizinisi, nokuthuthukisa imikhakha yamasu.
I-REACT-EU: Ukuguquguquka kanye nesivinini sokuphendula
Insika yesibili enkulu ye-Next Generation EU yi-REACT-EU, okulinganiselwa ku-€47.500 kuya ku-€50.600 webhiliyoni. Le nsimbi yakhelwe ukuthi sandise futhi siqinise izinyathelo ezisheshayo zokubhekana nesimo esibucayi, ukuqhubeka nezinyathelo eziphuthumayo ezethulwa kusukela ekuqaleni kwalolu bhubhane.
Izimali ze-REACT-EU zifika e-Spain ukuze zisekele ngokukhethekile imiphakathi ezimele., njengoba iningi labo linikezwe bona ukuze bakwazi ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokubuyisela kabusha ngosizo oluqondile, uxhaso, amathenda noma izivumelwano. Isici esiyinhloko se-REACT-EU ukuguquguquka nokushesha, ukusiza ukuqaliswa okusheshayo kwamaphrojekthi ukuze Thuthukisa ukusimama okuluhlaza, okudijithali, nokukhuthazela kwendwangu yezomnotho.
Isabelo seSpain sidlula ama-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-12.400, sigxile ezifundeni nasemikhakha eshayeke kakhulu edinga isinyathelo esiphuthumayo.Lokhu kukhuthaza ukusimama okubumbene, futhi akekho osalayo ekuguqukeleni emnothweni omusha wangemva kobhubhane.
Ngabe i-Next Generation EU ixhaswa kanjani?
Okwenza ngempela i-Next Generation EU ihluke kumaphakheji adlule yisinqumo se-European Union sokuboleka enbloc.I-European Commission ikhipha isikweletu ezimakethe zezimali egameni Lamazwe Angamalungu angama-27, okwandisa amandla okuxoxisana futhi kwehlisa izindleko.
Lesi sikweletu esihlanganyelwe sivumela ama-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-750.000 ukuthi adluliselwe kumafomethi amabili amakhulu.:
- 390.000 billion wezimali ezidluliswayo ezingabuyiswa.
- 360.000 billion wemali mboleko enenzalo ephansi, yesikhathi eside.
Ukukhokhwa kwemali mboleko kuzokwenziwa phakathi kuka-2028 no-2058, kanye nezinsiza ezintsha (imithombo yentela ye-EU) kuhlelelwe ukusiza ukukhokhela lezi zindleko, njengezintela kudoti wepulasitiki ongagaywe kabusha, izintela zedijithali zesikhathi esizayo, noma izindlela zokulungisa umngcele wekhabhoni.
Ezinye izinhlelo nezimali ezihambisanayo
I-Next Generation EU ayenzi yodwa, kodwa iqinisa ezinye izinqubomgomo ze-European Union.. Ngakho-ke, idlulisela izimali ezengeziwe ezinhlelweni ezihlukahlukene njenge:
- Isikhwama Sezolimo SaseYurophu Sokuthuthukiswa Kwezindawo Zasemakhaya (EFRD): ukwesekwa kwenqubomgomo yezolimo neyokuthuthukiswa kwezindawo zasemakhaya.
- I-Just Transition Fund (FTJ): okuhloswe ngayo ukusekela izifunda ezisengozini kakhulu endleleni eya ekungathathi hlangothi kwesimo sezulu.
- I-Horizon Europe: ucwaningo oluyinhloko lwe-EU nohlelo lokusungula lwango-2021-2027.
- I-InvestEU: ukugqugquzela ukutshalwa kwezimali, ukusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nokuqashwa eYurophu.
- hlengaEU (rescEU): kuthuthukisa amandla eNyunyana okubhekana nezinhlekelele nokulawula ubungozi obuvelayo.
Lawa mathuluzi anomthelela ekululameni okuphelele, kusukela ekuguqulweni kwezimboni kuya ekuvikelweni kwezinhlekelele noma ekwenziweni kwesimanje kwezinsizakalo ezibalulekile..
Indaba ethile yaseSpain: ukwabiwa nokuthunyelwa
ISpain iphakathi kwamazwe azothola izinsiza eziningi ohlelweni lwe-Next Generation EU., ngemuva kwe-Italy kuphela futhi ngaphambi kweFrance neJalimane ngesabelo sisonke. I-Spanish Recovery, Transformation, and Resilience Plan ikalwe kakhulu yiziphathimandla zase-Europe, igxile ekutshalweni kwezimali ezindaweni ezinamandla kakhulu oguquko:
- Uguquko lwezemvelo (39,12% wezimali zesigaba sokuqala, 2021-2023).
- Ukuguqulwa kwedijithali (29%).
- Imfundo nokuqeqeshwa (10,5%).
- I-R&D+i (7%).
- Ukufakwa komphakathi kanye nokubumbana kwezindawo.
Esikhathini sokuqala, kuzohlanganiswa cishe izigidigidi ezingama-70.000, kugxilwe kakhulu ezinguqukweni namaphrojekthi adinga ukuphuthuma okukhulu.Kusukela ngo-2022 nango-2023, imali ebolekiwe kulindeleke ukuthi isebenze ukuze kuqhutshekwe ukutshalwa kwezimali okwengeziwe futhi kuqinise izinhlelo zomphakathi nezizimele ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusimama kokubuyiselwa kwemali.
Izingcingo, izibonelelo nezindlela zokufinyelela
Ukuphathwa nokusatshalaliswa kwezimali ze-Next Generation EU eSpain Kwenziwa ngezindlela ezahlukene:
- Icela izibonelelo kanye nosizo oluqondile lwamabhizinisi, abantu abazisebenzayo, iziphathimandla zendawo, nemiphakathi ezimele.
- Amathenda omphakathi ezinkontileka zokwenza amaphrojekthi athile.
- Izivumelwano nokusebenzisana nababambiqhaza bezenhlalo, indawo kanye nezamabhizinisi.
Ukuphatha ngakunye (uhulumeni oyinhloko, imiphakathi ezimele kanye nezinhlangano zendawo) zilawula izingcingo zazo, kuye ngamandla awabelwe. Ngakho-ke, izinkampani ezinentshisekelo kanye nezakhamizi kufanele zinake amaphothali asemthethweni namabhulethi ezindaweni zabo zejografi nemikhakha ukuze zithole amathuba okuthola imali.
Izidingo kanye nemibandela ukufinyelela izimali
Izidingo zokuzuza ku-Next Generation funds Zincike ohlotsheni losizo, kodwa ngokuvamile zihlanganisa:
- Yiba yi-SME, uzisebenzele, noma ibhizinisi elisemthethweni ngokuhambisana nemithethonqubo yamanje.
- Ukuthobela imibandela yoMthetho Wemixhaso Ejwayelekile.
- Yiba unolwazi lwakamuva ngentela kanye nezibopho Zokuvikeleka Komphakathi.
- Ayidluli imikhawulo yosizo olutholwe eminyakeni yamuva ("minimis").
- Endabeni Yekhithi Yedijithali, yenza ukuhlola okudijithali kokuzixilonga.
- Kumaphrojekthi angaphansi kwezinhlelo ezifana ne-MRR, yiba noHlelo Lokulwa Nokukhwabanisa futhi uqinisekise ukuthi izinto zihamba obala ekuphathweni.
Kuzo zonke izimo, kuyadingeka ukuthi izimali zabelwe ukutshalwa kwezimali noma izinguquko ezihambisana nezinjongo zaseYurophu zokusimama, idijithali kanye nokufakwa.Ukungafihli nokuhambisana nomthetho kubekwa eqhulwini, okuhlanganisa nokuvinjelwa kokukhwabanisa kanye nokuhlolwa komthelela kwezenhlalo nezemvelo.
Umthelela kuma-SME, abasebenzi abazisebenzayo kanye nomphakathi wamabhizinisi
Ukwenziwa kwedijithali kanye nokwenza isimanje kwamabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo kungenye yezinto ezibalulekile ezicacile ze-Next Generation EU.Izinhlelo ezithile ezifana ne-Digital Kit zivumela ama-SME kanye nabantu abazisebenzayo ukuthi bafinyelele izinzuzo eziqondile ukuze baxhase ukuguqulwa kwabo kwedijithali, kusukela ekubeni khona ku-inthanethi nokuhweba nge-e-commerce kuya ekuphathweni kwamakhasimende kanye nokuvikeleka kwe-inthanethi.
Usizo lufinyelela kuwo wonke umphakathi wamabhizinisi, kungakhathaliseki ubukhulu, umkhakha noma indawo., inqobo nje uma izidingo zihlangatshezwana namaphrojekthi ahanjiswa ahambisana nezinjongo zohlelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ama-ejenti agunyaziwe (Ama-Digitalization Agents) asiza ukuqaliswa kwezixazululo nezinkampani ezisekelayo kuyo yonke inqubo.
Indlela le ibandakanya, ifuna ukukhuthaza ukusimama okubumbene nokuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho mkhakha noma isifunda esisalela emuva ohlelweni lwezinguquko..
Ukulawula, ukubeka izinto obala nokulwa nokukhwabanisa
Ukuthunyelwa kwezimali ze-Next Generation EU kubandakanya izindlela zokuqapha eziqinile.. Amazwe kanye nezinhlangano ezibamba iqhaza ekwenzeni amaphrojekthi kumele zibe nazo izinhlelo zokulwa nokukhwabanisa kanye nokuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa ngendlela efanele kwezinsiza. Izisekelo zokulawula zezingcingo zeziphakamiso zinemininingwane yezibopho mayelana nolwazi, ukwenziwa, kanye nokuziphendulela.
I-European Commission kanye nezinhlangano zikazwelonke zenza ucwaningo lwamabhuku njalo, ukuhlaziya inqubekelaphambili yezinyathelo ezibalulekile nezinjongo ezichazwe ezinhlelweni zikazwelonke. Ukwehluleka ukuhlangabezana nezinjongo, uxhaso oluphindwe kabili, noma okuphambene nomthetho kungase kubangele ukubuyiselwa kwezimali noma ukukhishwa ezincingweni zesikhathi esizayo zeziphakamiso.
Amathuba nezinselelo zesikhathi esizayo
Leli thuluzi limele ithuba eliyingqopha-mlando lokwenza umnotho waseSpain nowaseYurophu ube wesimanjemanje.Umthamo wezinsiza, ukuguquguquka kwemigqa yesenzo, nokugxila ekuguqulweni kwemvelo nedijithali kudala okulindelekile okuphezulu kakhulu, kodwa nezinselele ekuphatheni, ekuxhumaneni nasekusebenziseni.
Impumelelo ye-Next Generation EU izoncika ekhonweni lokuhlonza amaphrojekthi abalulekile, ukuhlanganisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kwangasese, kanye nokushanela izimali ngendlela efanele emikhakheni namaqembu aswele kakhulu.Ukuze kuzuzwe lokhu, ukusebenzisana komphakathi nezimboni kanye nokwenza izinto obala kwesikhungo kuzoba yizici ezibalulekile.
Ukuzibophezela ekusungulweni kwezinto ezintsha, ukusimama, kanye nokubumbana kwezindawo kanye nomphakathi kusenhliziyweni yalolu hlelo. Inselele izoba Bamba leli thuba ukwakha umnotho oqinile, oqhudelanayo, ojwayelane nezinselelo zekhulu lama-21..
I-Next Generation EU Funds isiphenduke into esemqoka ekululameni nasekuguquleni isimo sezomnotho nenhlalo yaseYurophu kulandela lolu bhubhane. Ukuklama kwabo, isifiso sokuvelela, kanye nobubanzi kuphawula inguquko endleleni i-European Union ebhekana ngayo nezinselele zomhlaba. Odabeni lweSpanishi, lezi zinsiza kuhloswe ngazo ukuba zibe amandla aqhuba izinguquko nokutshalwa kwezimali okuthuthukisa ukwenziwa kwedijithali, ukusimama, ukubumbana, nokusungula izinto ezintsha, okuhlinzeka ngamathuba angempela kumabhizinisi, ezokuphatha, kanye nezakhamuzi. Kubalulekile ukuthi uhlale unolwazi futhi ubambe iqhaza ekuqoqweni nasekuphathweni kwalezi zimali ukuze usebenzise leli thuba eliyingqophamlando..