Imboni yezindawo zokudlela isibe ngesinye sezilinganiso ezinhle kakhulu zokuqonda ukuthi umnotho usebenza kanjani.Inani esilichithayo, indlela esisebenza ngayo, indima edlalwa yizokuvakasha, nokuthi umkhakha webhizinisi uya kuphi. Kunokuba nje indaba yezitofu namamenyu, amabha, ama-cafe, izindawo zokudlela, kanye nezinsizakalo zokupheka namuhla ziyinjini yangempela yokukhiqiza kanye nomkhiqizi oyinhloko wemisebenzi eSpain nakwamanye amazwe athuthukile njenge-US.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje lo mkhakha ushintshe kakhuluUbuchwepheshe obengeziwe, ukuzinza okukhulu kwemisebenzi, ukuba khona okukhulayo kwamathalente akwamanye amazwe, ukukhushulwa kwezokuvakasha kwezokudla, ukwenziwa kwedijithali okusheshayo, kanye noshintsho oluqondile oluya ekuzinzeni kanye nomnotho ojikelezayo. Konke lokhu ngenkathi imikhiqizo yezokudla enombono webhizinisi wesikhathi eside iqinisa isikhundla sayo futhi kuvela isizukulwane esisha samaphrojekthi abeka phambili ulwazi kanye nenzuzo.
Isisindo semboni yokudlela emnothweni waseSpain
Umkhakha wezindawo zokudlela manje umele cishe u-3,9% we-GDP yaseSpainBamele cishe u-7% webhizinisi kanye no-7% womsebenzi, ngaphezu kokubala cishe u-9% wemali engenayo yomkhakha wezinsizakalo. Sikhuluma ngenethiwekhi engagcini nje ngokukhiqiza ingcebo, kodwa futhi esebenza njengento yobumbano lwezenhlalo nezindawo: kunezindawo zokuphuza utshwala nezindawo zokudlela cishe kuzo zonke izingxenye zezwe, kusukela emadolobheni amakhulu kuya emadolobheni amancane asemakhaya.
Umbiko wakamuva womkhakha ngezokuvakasha nokupheka ovela ku-CaixaBank Research udweba isithombe esibanzi kakhulu somkhakhangamabhizinisi angaba ngu-232.000 kanye nezindawo ezingu-264.000 ezizinikele ekuhlinzekeni ukudla neziphuzo. Kulawa, cishe ama-62% angama-bar nama-cafe, ama-31% ayizindawo zokudlela, kanti cishe ama-7% ayizinkampani zokupheka, umkhakha othola ukuvelela ngenxa yezindlela ezintsha zokuphila kanye nokunikezwa kwezinsizakalo zemicimbi namaqembu ngaphandle.
Imodeli yobunikazi ihlala ihlobene kakhulu nabanikazi bamabhizinisi abazisebenzayo kanye namabhizinisi amancane.Cishe ama-63% ezinkampani aphethwe ngabantu ngabanye, iphesenti eliphakeme ngisho nangokwesilinganiso somnotho wonkana. Kodwa-ke, lesi sithombe sicacile uma kucatshangelwa isisindo sezinkampani ezinkulu, ezithi, nakuba zimelela cishe u-0,1% wezinkampani, zinikela cishe u-17% we-gross value added (GVA) yomkhakha kanye no-21% womsebenzi, okuveza ikhono lazo elikhulu lokukhulisa ukukhula.
Ngokuphathelene nemali engenayo, imboni yezindawo zokudlela nayo ithole ukuthuthuka okuphawulekayo ngemuva kobhubhane.Isilinganiso senzuzo yonyaka sicishe sibe yi-€230.000 ngenkampani ngayinye (idatha ka-2022), uma kuqhathaniswa ne-€207.000 ngo-2019. Kodwa-ke, ukusatshalaliswa akulingana kakhulu: izindawo zokudlela zihola phambili ngenzuzo emaphakathi ecishe ibe yi-€436.000 kanye nokwenyuka okungu-18% kusukela ngo-2019; izinsizakalo zokupheka ziphakathi nendawo ecishe ibe yi-€364.000 ngenkampani ngayinye, zisengaphansi ngo-8% kwezibalo zangaphambi kobhubhane; kanti amabha nama-cafe aphakathi nendawo acishe abe yi-€127.000, kanye nokwenyuka okungaba yi-6%.
Lokhu kwanda kwenzuzo kungenxa yokuthuthuka kwamanani kanye nokuhlelwa kabusha kwesakhiwo sebhizinisi., ikakhulukazi phakathi kwezindawo ezinemali engenayo ephansi, njengezindawo zokuphuza utshwala eziningi nama-cafe, kuyilapho izigaba ezinobukhulu obuphakathi obukhulu kanye nezindleko eziphakeme kancane zikhula.
Imisebenzi yokudlela: umsebenzi owengeziwe, ukuzinza okwengeziwe kanye nethalente lakwamanye amazwe
Imboni yokungenisa izihambi, ikakhulukazi umkhakha wezindawo zokudlela, isizibonakalise njengenye yezindawo ezidala imisebenzi emikhulu ezweni.Kusukela ngo-2021, inani labasebenzi likhuphuke cishe ngo-15,3%, lafinyelela cishe abasebenzi abayizigidi ezingu-1,4 engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2024. Lokhu kusho ukuthi lo mkhakha uzuze isisindo emakethe yezabasebenzi yaseSpain, kusukela ekumeleleni cishe u-6,2% walabo abaxhumene nawo ngo-2010 kuya cishe ku-7% namuhla.
Esinye sezici ezichaza ukuqashwa embonini yezokungenisa izihambi ukuba khona okukhulu kwezisebenzi zakwamanye amazwe.Ngo-2019, cishe ama-23% alabo abasebenzisana nezindawo zokuhlala nezokupheka babevela kwamanye amazwe, futhi lesi silinganiso siqhubeke nokukhula safinyelela kuma-26,2% ngo-2023. Umkhakha wokupheka, empeleni, ungumkhakha onephesenti eliphezulu kakhulu labasebenzi bakwamanye amazwe, okwenza kube yindlela ebalulekile yokuhlanganiswa kwemakethe yezabasebenzi kubantu abafudukayo.
Ngale kobuningi, inguquko enkulu yakamuva isezingeni eliphezulu kanye nokuzinza kwemisebenziNgemva kokuguqulwa kwamuva kwezabasebenzi, ukuqashwa kwesikhashana kwehle kakhulu kulo mkhakha: kuyilapho ngo-2019, ama-36,7% abasebenzi ayenezinkontileka zesikhashana (esinye sezinga eliphezulu kakhulu emnothweni wonke), ngo-2023 lelo nani lase lehle laya ku-7,7%, okubeka imboni yezindawo zokudlela phakathi kwemikhakha enephesenti eliphansi kakhulu labasebenzi besikhashana. Ngamanye amazwi, kusayiniwa izinkontileka eziningi ezihlala njalo, futhi izindlela zomsebenzi ziya ngokuya ziba yingozi.
Lolu shintsho esakhiweni senkontileka luhambisana nokuthuthuka kancane kancane kweziqu zabasebenzi.Nakuba inani eliphelele labafundi ababhalisele izinhlelo zokuqeqeshwa kwemisebenzi ezihlobene nomkhakha wezindawo zokudlela lehlile eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukuqeqeshwa kwemisebenzi yezinga eliphezulu kuyathuthuka: ngonyaka wezifundo ka-2021-2022, cishe ama-27% alabo ababhalisele izifundo ezihlobene nokupheka, isevisi yegumbi lokudlela, noma ukuphathwa kwezihambi babesezinhlelweni zezinga eliphezulu. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi, ngokulingana, ochwepheshe abaningi bakhetha ukuqeqeshwa okuthuthukile, okugxile ekuphatheni.
Inselele enkulu esele ukukhiqiza.Uma kulinganiswa ngenani eliphelele elingeziwe ngomsebenzi ngamunye, umkhakha wezindawo zokudlela usalele emuva kwesilinganiso saseSpain futhi, empeleni, uphakathi kwemikhakha yezinsizakalo ezinkulu engakhiqizi kakhulu, igebe eliye landa ngisho naseminyakeni yamuva nje. Ukwandisa usayizi wenkampani, ukutshala imali kwezobuchwepheshe, kanye nokuthuthukisa amakhono okuphatha kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha kubalulekile ekuguquleni lesi simo.
Ezokuvakasha, indawo kanye nendwangu yebhizinisi: imigoqo cishe yawo wonke umuntu
Ukwanda okukhulu kwezokuvakasha ngemva kobhubhane kunikeze umoya omusha embonini yezindawo zokudlela.Ukusetshenziswa kwezimali kwezivakashi, ikakhulukazi ezivela kubantu bakwamanye amazwe, kunomthelela oqondile ekugelezeni kwemali kwezinkulungwane zezindawo: Izilinganiso zeCaixaBank zisikisela ukuthi cishe ama-30% ezindawo zokudlela abonisa ukuncika okukhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwezimali kwezivakashi, kanti cishe ama-10% ancike kakhulu kumakhasimende aphesheya.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwamabhizinisi ezindawo zokudlela eSpain kubanzi kakhulu, kodwa kungalingani kakhulu.I-Andalusia, iCatalonia, iValencian Community, kanye neMadrid zithatha cishe u-60% wezindawo, okunengqondo uma kubhekwa ukubaluleka kwazo ngokwezibalo zabantu kanye nezivakashi. Ngokuphathelene nobuningi bendawo, iMadrid, iziQhingi zaseCanary, kanye neziQhingi zaseBalearic zinezindawo ezingaphezu kwezimbili ngekhilomitha lesikwele, kanti inhloko-dolobha ihamba phambili ekubekweni cishe kwezindawo ezingu-4,4 ngekhilomitha lesikwele ngenxa yendima yayo njengesikhungo sezomnotho, sezivakashi kanye nesamasiko.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwe-spectrum kunezifunda ezifana neCastilla-La Mancha, iCastilla y León, i-Extremadura ne-Aragón.Njengoba inezindawo zokudlela ezingaphansi kuka-0,3 ngekhilomitha lesikwele, ngokuhambisana nobuningi babantu bayo obuphansi. Uma sibheka inani lezindawo zokuhlala kubantu abayi-1.000, iziqhingi (iCanary neBalearic) ziyaqhubeka nokuvela ezindaweni ezivelele, kuyilapho iMadrid iwela phansi etafuleni futhi izifunda ezinesiko eliqinile lokudla njenge-Asturias neGalicia zikhuphuka ohlwini.
Lo mkhakha ucwile enkambisweni yokugxila kwebhizinisiEminyakeni eyishumi edlule, inani eliphelele lezindawo zokudlela lehle cishe ngo-10% (phakathi kuka-2013 no-2023), kanye nokwehla okukhulu kusukela ngo-2019, lapho ukwehla kucishe kube ngu-8%. Lesi simo sibonakala kakhulu ezindaweni zokuphuza utshwala nasemakhefini, okuye kwabona inani lazo lehla cishe ngo-19%, ingxenye ephethwe amabhizinisi amancane lapho cishe u-98% unabasebenzi abangaphansi kuka-10.
Okwamanje, amagatsha agxile ezinkonzweni ezikhethekile ayakhulaInani lezinkampani zokupheka likhuphuke cishe ngo-25% eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, okubangelwa ukuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bezinsizakalo zemicimbi, izinkampani namaqembu, kanye nokushintsha kwemikhuba yokudla (ukudla okulungiselelwe kakhudlwana kanye nokunikezwa kwemisebenzi yangaphandle okwengeziwe).
Ukuchitha imali emabha nasezitolo zokudlela: i-barometer yomnotho
Ngezikhathi zokungaqiniseki kwezomnotho, enye yezindleko zokuqala ezivame ukubuyekezwa ukudla ngaphandle.Noma kunjalo, okuhlangenwe nakho kwamuva nje kubonisa ukuthi imboni yezindawo zokudlela ibilokhu iqinile kunalokho obekulindelwe, kokubili eSpain nase-United States, lapho ukusetshenziswa kwezindawo zokuphuza utshwala emabhawa nasezindaweni zokudlela kuye kwahlala kunamandla ngokumangalisayo naphezu kokungazinzi kwezepolitiki kanye nokushintshashintsha komnotho.
E-United States, ukuthengiswa kwamabhawa nezindawo zokudlela kukhule cishe ngo-6,5% ezinyangeni eziyi-12 kuze kube ngu-AgastiLokhu kumelela ukwanda okukhulu uma kuqhathaniswa no-4,3% esikhathini esifanayo ngonyaka odlule. Ingxenye yalokhu kukhula iqhutshwa ukubhukha ku-inthanethi, okuye kwanda cishe ngo-12% unyaka nonyaka, kanye nokusebenza okuqinile ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zokudlela ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezigxile kumakhasimende angenayo imali eningi. Okwamanje, iziteshi zokudla okusheshayo ziqinise isiphakamiso sazo senani kanye nokukhushulwa ukuze zihehe abathengi abanesabelomali esiqinile.
Izazi zezomnotho zikhomba izici eziningana ezisekela lokhu kusetshenziswa kwemali ekuvuseleleni.Ukukhula komnotho okusahle, imakethe yezabasebenzi eqinile enamazinga aphansi okungasebenzi, imali engenayo, ezimweni eziningi, ekhuphuka ngokushesha kunokwehla kwamandla emali, kanye nemakethe yamasheya ekhuphukayo eye yandisa ingcebo yemindeni ehola kakhulu. Konke lokhu kunikeza ithuba lokuqhubeka nokusebenzisa imali ezintweni ezenzekayo, okuhlanganisa nokudlela ngaphandle.
Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke izinto ezinhle ezitholakala kalula.Lo mkhakha ubhekene nokwenyuka okukhulu kwezindleko zokudla, ubunzima bokuthola abasebenzi, ukwenyuka kwamaholo, kanye nezinguquko emikhubeni yamakhasimende, lapho abathengi bevame uku-oda izingxenye ezincane, bayeke ukudla okumnandi, noma banciphise ukuphuza utshwala. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ijubane lokudala imisebenzi kulo mkhakha liye lehla uma kuqhathaniswa neminyaka edlule, okubonisa izinga lokuqapha phakathi kwabanikazi bamabhizinisi.
Igebe elicacile liyabonakala futhi phakathi kwezigaba ezahlukene zabathengiNakuba imindeni enenzuzo ephezulu iqhubeka nokusebenzisa imali ngokukhululeka ezindaweni zokudlela, imindeni enenzuzo encane inciphise ukuvama kokuvakasha kwayo, icindezelwa ukwehla kwamandla emali kanye nokungaqiniseki ngesimo sayo sezezimali sesikhathi esizayo. Leli qiniso liye laphoqa izinkampani ezinkulu ezifana neMcDonald's ukuthi zicabange kabusha isu lazo, ziqinise ukukhushulwa futhi zinikeze amamenyu angabizi kakhulu ukuze zigweme ukulahlekelwa yileli qembu lamakhasimende.
Ihlobo, ezokuvakasha ze-gastronomic kanye nokuguqulwa kokubhukha kube yidijithali
Ihlobo ngokwesiko liyisikhathi esiphambili sezindawo zokudlela eSpain.Futhi idatha yakamuva evela ezinkundleni zokubhukha ezifana neTheFork ikhombisa ukwanda okucacile kokusetshenziswa ngoJulayi nango-Agasti. Abantu abaphumi nje kakhulu, kodwa futhi babeka isabelomali esikhulu ekudleni ngaphandle, okuqinisa umkhakha wezindawo zokudlela njengenjini yezomnotho yesizini yasehlobo.
Ucwaningo lwembula ukuthi abasebenzisi abangu-39% bahlela ukuchitha phakathi kwama-euro angu-200 no-400 ezindaweni zokudlela ngesikhathi samaholide aboCishe ama-27% akhuphula izinga libe phakathi kwama-euro angu-400 nama-600, kanti cishe ama-euro angu-26 adlula ama-euro angu-600. Lokhu kwanda kokusetshenziswa kwemali kunikeza ukukhushulwa okuqondile kwamabha nezindawo zokudlela, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezidumile zezivakashi lapho isidingo sikhuphuka khona phakathi nezinyanga ezifudumele.
Imvamisa yokuvakasha nayo ikhula kakhulu.Cishe abasebenzisi abangu-35% bathi bazodla ngaphandle izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezihlanu ngesonto ehlobo, uma kuqhathaniswa no-19% ngonyaka odlule, okubonisa ukululama okucacile ekuzijabuliseni kokudla ngemva kweminyaka eminingi ephawulwe yimikhawulo yezempilo kanye nokuqapha kwezomnotho.
Isilinganiso sokuhlolwa kwesidlo ngasinye siye sathuthukaCishe ama-41% alabo abahloliwe balindele ukuchitha phakathi kwama-€25 nama-€35 ​​ngokudla ngakunye, kanye nesabelomali esingu-18% phakathi kwama-€35 nama-€50. Ukubusa okucishe kube okuphelele kokukhokha ngamakhadi kuyamangaza, okuhlanganisa cishe ama-89% okuthengiselana, okubonisa ukwanda kokuguquguquka kwedijithali kwamakhasimende namabhizinisi.
Ukwenziwa kwedijithali akuthinti nje kuphela isikhathi sokukhokha, kodwa futhi nesikhathi sokubhuka nokukhetha indawo yokudlela.Ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zokubhukha kukhuphuke cishe ngo-28%, kuzibeka njengesiteshi esithandwayo kokubili abasebenzisi namabhizinisi, esingaphatha kangcono ukushintshashintsha, umthamo, kanye nokukhansela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe u-58% wamakhasimende avuma ukuthi ahlola ukubuyekezwa ngaphambi kokunquma ukuthi aya kuphi, enaka kakhulu inani lemali, into ebhekwa njengebalulekile ngabangaphezu kwengxenye yalabo abahloliwe.
Ukwanda kwezokuvakasha kwezokudla kungenye into eqalayo.Cishe ama-31% abahambi bayavuma ukuthi ukudla okunikezwayo kuthonya kakhulu ukukhetha kwabo indawo, okwenza ukudla kube yisivikelo esibalulekile embonini yezokuvakasha kanye nensika ebalulekile yokukhula komnotho wesizini ezindaweni eziningi.
Ikhwalithi, udumo kanye namamodeli ebhizinisi amasha okupheka
Ukuthuthuka komkhakha akukalwa ngama-euro kuphela noma ngenani lezikhungo, kodwa futhi nangokwekhwalithi kanye nokuqashelwa kwamazwe ngamazwe.Kusukela ngo-2019, inani lezindawo zokudlela zaseSpain ezinenkanyezi eyodwa okungenani yeMichelin likhuphuke cishe ngo-43%, lafinyelela ezindaweni ezingu-272 ohlelweni lwakamuva lomhlahlandlela. Lokhu kubeka iSpain njengezwe lesine emhlabeni elinezindawo zokudlela ezivelele kakhulu, ngemuva kweFrance, i-Italy, neJalimane kuphela, futhi yizwe elibone ukwanda okukhulu ohlwini lwalo lwezindawo eziwine imiklomelo eminyakeni yamuva nje.
Lokhu kukhuphuka kwesithunzi kuhambisana nendlela entsha yokuqonda ibhizinisi.Ukudla akusacatshangwa njengokuzivocavoca kokupheka kuphela, kodwa njengomsebenzi webhizinisi onendaba, uphawu, kanye nesu. Izindawo zokudlela eziningi zizalwa zinesifiso sokuba yizindawo eziphawulekayo, ezikwazi ukuheha amathuba okutshalwa kwezimali, amakhono, kanye nokukhula ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwedolobha lazo.
Izibonelo ezifana neBlack Taurus, iMengem, noma iMi Cub ziyibonisa kahle le ndlela entsha.I-Black Taurus yakhelwe phezu komlilo nezithako zekhwalithi, ngobuhle obuhlelwe ngokucophelela obuhlose ukunikeza okuhlangenwe nakho okuhlangene nokukhumbulekayo, okungaphezu kokudla nje. I-Mengem, indawo yokudlela eyathola indawo ku-Michelin Guide esikhathini esingaphansi konyaka, ikhombisa ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kobunikazi bendawo, ubudlelwano obuseduze nekhasimende, kanye nokwenza kahle okugxile kahle kungasheshisa ukuqashelwa. I-Mi Cub, yona, izibophezele emikhiqizweni etholakala endaweni exhumene ne-Mercado de Colón, okwenza ukwethembeka nobudlelwano obuseduze nabakhiqizi kube yizinto eziyinhloko ezithengiswayo.
Amanye amaphrojekthi azihlanganisa njengemikhiqizo yokupheka ezinzile enombono oqinile webhizinisiIzindawo zokudlela ezifana noHelen Berger zishintshe ekubeni yi-add-on ngaphakathi kwehhotela zaba izindawo zokudla ezinobuntu bazo obuhlukile, ezikwazi ukuheha izivakashi zasehhotela kanye nabantu bendawo. Ekudleni okumnandi, indlela yabapheki abanjengoGermán Carrizo abaphethe iFierro igcizelela ukudla okuvamile njengesiphakamiso senani eliyinhloko: "Sithengisa ukudla okuvamile, hhayi ukuzijabulisa noma ukunethezeka," isitatimende esivumelana namakhasimende aqondayo, angathinteki kakhulu ngobuciko.
Okunye okuvelayo yimibono ekhethekile kakhulu, njengeRyukishin kanye nokuzibophezela kwayo ku-ramen ngokwesiko laseJapan.Emakethe egcwele izinhlobo kanye nokuguqulwa, ubuqiniso buba yinto ehlukanisayo, uma nje kuhambisana nokusebenza okungenaphutha kanye nesu lokukhula elicacile.
Lesi simo sidlula indawo yokudlela yakudala futhi sifinyelela imikhiqizo ezalwa cishe ngqo endaweni yedijithaliAmacala afana neLas Tartas de Julita, eyavela njengesenzakalo esisakazekile futhi kamuva yaba ibhizinisi elihlanganisiwe, abonisa ukuthi imingcele phakathi kwezindawo zokudlela zendabuko, izitolo ezikhethekile zamakhekhe, kanye nemikhiqizo yabathengi ekhona kakhulu ezinkundleni zokuxhumana ifiphala kanjani.
Ngisho nezindawo ezinkulu zokuzilibazisa nezemidlalo manje sezihlanganisa ukudla okumnandi njengengxenye ebalulekile yeminikelo yazo.Izindawo zokupheka ezintsha eRoig Arena zibhekwa njengengxenye yesipiliyoni esiphelele sokuzilibazisa, lapho ukudla kungabi yisevisi yokwengeza ukuze kube yingxenye ebalulekile yemodeli yebhizinisi, ekwazi ukukhiqiza ithikithi elijwayelekile elengeziwe futhi iqinise isithombe sonke.
Izindawo zokudlela kanye nomnotho ojikelezayo: imfucuza encane, ukusebenza kahle okwengeziwe
Ukusimama sekungenye yezinto ezibangela ushintsho olukhulu embonini yokungenisa izihambi.Ezindaweni ezifana neCommunity of Madrid, lapho kunezindawo zokungenisa izihambi ezingaphezu kuka-32.000, inani lemfucuza ekhiqizwayo, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla kukhulu kakhulu, kodwa kunjalo nangamandla omkhakha okuholela ekushintsheni amamodeli anomthwalo wemfanelo asekelwe emnothweni ojikelezayo.
Umnotho ojikelezayo uhlose ukwandisa impilo ewusizo yezinsizakusebenza nokunciphisa imfucuzaUkuhlukana nomqondo oqondile wokulahla ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo. Embonini yokudlela, le ndlela ihumushela emasu ahlukene: ukuvimbela imfucuza yokudla, ukusetshenziswa kabusha kokudla okusele ngobuhlakani, ukuhlukaniswa kanye nokuphathwa kahle kwemfucuza, ukusetshenziswa kokupakisha okungasetshenziswa kabusha noma okubolayo, ukusetshenziswa kahle kwamandla, kanye nokuklama kabusha izikhala ngezinto ezisetshenziswe kabusha.
Inselele yokuqala enkulu ukuphatha ukudla okusele.Ukugcina ukulawula okuqinile kwempahla, ukuhlela ukuthengwa ngokusekelwe ekufuneni okulinganiselwe, kanye nokuqapha izinsuku zokuphelelwa yisikhathi ngokufaka amalebula afanele kuvumela ukulungiswa okungcono komkhiqizo wansuku zonke futhi kunciphisa imfucuza. Uma kusekhona ukudla okusele okusesimweni esihle, kunezinketho ezintathu eziyinhloko: ukuguqula kube izitsha ezintsha, imihluzi, noma amasoso emenyu; ukunikele emabhange okudla noma ezinhlanganweni zomphakathi; noma ukusebenzise njengesisekelo sokudala imikhiqizo emisha.
Amanye amaphrojekthi akhetheke kakhulu kulokhu kusetshenziswa kabusha kwezinto ezisele ngobuciko.Isibonelo esiphawulekayo yifektri yebhiya i-Sr. Mendrugo e-Aranda de Duero, ekhiqiza ubhiya owenziwe ngezandla ngokufaka isinkwa esidala esifika ku-50% se-malt endaweni yesinkwa esifika ku-50% esiqoqwe ezitolo zokubhaka zasendaweni, okunciphisa kokubili imfucuza yokudla kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi okuhambisana nenqubo. Esinye isibonelo yi-Desborre, lapho i-kombucha, izihlahla, kanye ne-kvass kuye kwathuthukiswa khona kusukela ezingcezu zekhekhe, okuguqula lokho okwakuyimfucuza kube izithako ezengeziwe.
Insika yesibili yomnotho ojikelezayo ekuphekeni ukuhlukaniswa okufanele kanye nokuphathwa kwemfucuzaUkuhlunga imfucuza ibe yizingxenyana ezahlukene (izinto eziphilayo, ukupakisha, ingilazi, iphepha, uwoyela osetshenzisiwe) kanye nokusebenza nezinkampani ezigunyaziwe zokuphatha imfucuza kuqinisekisa ukuthi izinto zigcina zisezindaweni ezifanele zokuvuselela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinto eziphilayo zingathunyelwa ezindaweni zokwenza umquba, kungaba ngezinsizakalo zangaphandle noma endaweni, ukuvala igebe ngokubuyisela lo mquba kwezolimo zasendaweni.
Amaphrojekthi okubambisana okwenza umquba abonisa amandla ale ndlelaImizamo eqhutshwa yizinhlangano ezifana ne-Sustainable Restaurants Foundation ithuthukise izinhlelo zokuhlola ezindaweni zokudlela zaseMadrid ezifana neCoque neChangó zokuguqula imfucuza yemvelo ibe umquba bese iwuletha kubalimi bendawo. Izinkampani ezifana neHacemos Composta ziqoqa imfucuza yemvelo (izinsalela zokudla, izihlungi zekhofi, amakhasi, ama-napkin) ukuze ziyihlanganise futhi zibuyisele umkhiqizo ophumayo emabhizinisini, futhi zihlanganise ingxenye yomphakathi ngokusebenzisana nabantu abasengozini yokukhishwa emphakathini.
Enye indawo ebalulekile ukupakisha kanye nokuthutha amakhonteyina.Ukubeka phambili imikhiqizo ekupakishweni okusetshenziswa kabusha, okubolayo, noma okusetshenziswa ngobuningi kanye nokugwema ukupakishwa okusetshenziswa kanye noma nini lapho kungenzeka kunciphisa kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kwemfucuza emthonjeni. Izinhlelo ezifana nesu le-EcoVares, elikhuthazwa yi-Ecovidrio, zihlela ukuqoqwa kwengilazi endlini ngendlu emabhawa nasezindaweni zokudlela, zifinyelela amazinga okuvuselela kabusha angaba ngu-74% ezindaweni zokungenisa izivakashi ngo-2023 kanye nokubamba iqhaza kwamabhizinisi angaphezu kuka-180.000.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kanye namandla kuqeda i-equation eluhlaza yokubuyiselwaUkutshala imali ezintweni zikagesi ezisebenzisa amandla ngendlela eyongayo, izibani ze-LED, ompompi abasebenza ngezinzwa, noma izinhlelo zokuqapha ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi, ugesi, kanye negesi kuthinta ngqo ibhili yakho futhi kunciphisa umthelela wakho emvelweni. Ukukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ompompi, isibonelo ngezivumelwano phakathi kwabasebenzi abanjengoCanal de Isabel II kanye nezinhlangano zokungenisa izihambi, kusiza ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kokupakisha okusetshenziswa kanye kanye nokuthuthukisa izinsiza.
Umklamo oyindilinga wendawo kanye neyunifomu unezela ungqimba lobuhle nomqondo kulolu shintsho lwemodeli.Ukukhetha ifenisha esetshenzisiwe noma ifenisha eyenziwe ngezinto ezisetshenzisiwe, kanye neyunifomu eyenziwe ngezindwangu ezisetshenzisiwe noma ezisimeme, kunciphisa ukuthinteka kwemvelo ngenkathi kunikeza ubuntu bendawo. Indawo yokudlela iMo de Movimiento, isibonelo, yakhe ubuwena bayo ngokuvuselelwa kwemisebenzi yezandla yendabuko, ukusetshenziswa kokhuni olubuyiselwe kanye nefenisha esetshenzisiwe, okudala indawo enobuntu bayo kanye nokuhambisana kwemvelo.
Ohulumeni nabo sebeqala ukusekela lolu shintshoIzinhlelo ezifana nohlelo lokujikeleza umphakathi olukhuthazwa yiMadrid City Council nge-CIEC, ngokubambisana neHostelerÃa Madrid, zinikeza ukuqeqeshwa nokusekelwa kwamaqembu okudlela ukuze ahlanganise imikhuba yokujikeleza emisebenzini yawo. Lezi zinhlobo zezinhlelo, ngaphezu kokukhuthaza ukuthobela imithetho, zingavula umnyango wezibonelelo nezinhlelo ezithile zokusekela.
Kumabhizinisi okungenisa izihambi, izinzuzo zidlula kakhulu isithombeUkunciphisa imfucuza nokusebenzisa izinto zokusetshenziswa, amanzi, kanye namandla kufeza kangcono ukonga izindleko ngqo; ukusebenzisa izindlela eziqhubekayo kuthuthukisa idumela lebhizinisi futhi kusiza ekwakheni ukwethembeka ngamakhasimende aqaphela ngokwengeziwe umthelela wemvelo; futhi ekugcineni, ukuzivumelanisa nemithetho emisha kuvumela amabhizinisi ukuthi alindele izidingo zomthetho zesikhathi esizayo futhi afanelekele ukuxhaswa ngumphakathi.
Imboni yezindawo zokudlela izihlanganisa njengomkhakha ohlanganisa isisindo somnotho, ikhono lokukhiqiza amathuba emisebenzi, ithonya endaweni, amandla ashukumisayo ezokuvakasha, kanye namathuba amakhulu okuthuthukisa umkhiqizo kanye nokusimama.Kusukela ezitolo ezinkulu kuya emabhawa omakhelwane, okuhlanganisa amaphrojekthi okupheka aphezulu kanye nemikhiqizo emisha yedijithali, konke kuyingxenye yesistimu eshintsha ngokushesha lapho ikhwalithi, ulwazi, ukwenziwa kwedijithali kanye nomnotho ojikelezayo kuzonquma ukuthi ubani ohola isigaba esilandelayo nokuthi ubani osele ngemuva.