Izinhlobo zomhlalaphansi eSpain: umhlahlandlela ophelele wezinketho nezidingo

  • Iminyaka evamile yokuthatha umhlalaphansi incike eminyakeni yeminikelo futhi iphakathi kweminyaka engama-65 nengama-67, okungenani iminyaka eyi-15 yeminikelo.
  • Kunezindlela eziningi: ezivamile, zakuqala (ngokuzithandela, eziphoqelelwe, ngenxa yokukhubazeka noma umsebenzi), ezingaphelele, ezisebenzayo, eziguquguqukayo kanye nezibambezelekile.
  • Izisebenzi zikahulumeni, abazisebenzayo, kanye nezisebenzi ezisemisebenzini enzima noma ezikhubazekile zinemithetho ethile kanye neminyaka yokufinyelela ehlukile.
  • Ukuhlela umlando wakho wokufaka imali kanye nokonga imali ngasese kusengaphambili kubalulekile ukuze ugweme ukwehla kwezinga lakho lokuphila lapho usuthathe umhlalaphansi.
Alberto Navarro

Imizuzu ye-21

Izinhlobo zomhlalaphansi eSpain

La Ukuthatha umhlalaphansi eSpain sekuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Eminyakeni yamuva nje: izinguquko eminyakeni yokuthatha umhlalaphansi esemthethweni, izindlela ezintsha zokuqhubeka nokusebenza nokuthola impesheni, izidingo ezahlukene kuye ngokuthi iqembu lithini… futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, izinguquko ezisetshenziswa kancane kancane kuze kube ngu-2027. Ukuqonda zonke izinketho akuseyona eyabachwepheshe kuphela: noma ubani osondela eminyakeni engu-55-60 ubudala udinga ukuba nale mephu icace kakhulu.

Kuwo wonke lo mhlahlandlela sizobuyekeza zonke izinhlobo zomhlalaphansi ezikhona eSpain (okuvamile, kusenesikhathi, ingxenye, esebenzayo, eguquguqukayo, ebambezelekile, ukukhubazeka, umsebenzi onzima, ozisebenzelayo, isisebenzi sikahulumeni, njll.), ngeminyaka yabo, izimo, kanye nokucaciswa. Umqondo uwukuthi ungabona ngokuthula ukuthi yini efanelana kangcono nesimo sakho nokuthi iyiphi inkululeko yangempela onayo yokuyiletha noma yokuhlehlisa umhlalaphansi ngaphandle kwezimanga mayelana nomhlalaphansi wakho.

Iminyaka yomhlalaphansi esemthethweni kanye nokubalwa kwempesheni okuyisisekelo

Ubudala kanye nezinhlobo zomhlalaphansi

ESpain Iminyaka ejwayelekile yokuthatha umhlalaphansi iyakhushulwa kancane kancane kusukela ngo-2013 kuze kube sekugcineni ufinyelele eminyakeni engama-67 ngo-2027. Ubudala obuqondile obuhambisana nawe buxhomeke onyakeni othatha ngawo umhlalaphansi kanye neminyaka oye wanikela ngayo kwi-Social Security.

Ngo-2026, umthetho jikelele uthi Labo abangafakazela okungenani iminyaka engama-38 nezinyanga ezi-3 zeminikelo bazokwazi ukuthatha umhlalaphansi lapho beneminyaka engama-65.Uma umlando womnikelo ungaphansi kwalowo mkhawulo, iminyaka ejwayelekile yokuthatha umhlalaphansi esemthethweni ikhuphukela eminyakeni engama-66 nezinyanga eziyi-8. Lezi mingcele zithinta ngokugcwele zonke izinhlobo zokuthatha umhlalaphansi ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ingxenye, noma ukubambezeleka.

Inani lempesheni libalwa njengereferensi isisekelo sokulawulaokuyisilinganiso sezisekelo zeminikelo yeminyaka yamuva. Njengamanje, izinyanga ezingu-300 (iminyaka engu-25) zeminikelo ziyacatshangelwa; ezindala kakhulu zibuyekezwa yi-CPI futhi zihlukaniswe ngo-350 ukuze kutholakale isisekelo sokulawula.

Ngokusekelwe kulolo hlaka lokulawula, iphesenti elihlobene neminyaka yeminikeloUma okungenani iminyaka eyi-15 yenkonzo, unelungelo lokuthola u-50% wesisekelo somthetho, futhi ukuze ufinyelele ku-100%, esimweni samanje, umsebenzi weminyaka engaba ngu-36 kuya ku-37 uyadingeka (umgomo uyiminyaka engu-37 kusukela ngo-2027 kuqhubeke). Iminyaka engaphansi kwalesi silinganiso esiphezulu izonciphisa iphesenti eliqashelwayo; ungathola okwengeziwe mayelana nokuthi kanjani. engeza iminyaka emihlanu eyengeziwe yeminikelo ukuthuthukisa iphesenti.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, Izimpesheni ezinikelayo zihlaziywa njalo ngonyaka ngokusekelwe ku-CPI phakathi nonyaka odlule. Isibonelo, ngo-2026, impesheni izovuselelwa ngo-2,8%, okuthinta kokubili amanani amancane naphezulufuthi iqinisekisa ukuthi inzuzo ayilahlekelwa amandla okuthenga uma kuqhathaniswa nokwehla kwamandla emali.

Umhlalaphansi ojwayelekile: inkomba ejwayelekile

La Umhlalaphansi ojwayelekile uyindlela ejwayelekile, okwenzeka lapho iminyaka esemthethweni ehambisana nesikhathi somnikelo oqoqiwe ifinyelelwa, ngaphandle kokuletha phambili noma ukulibazisa ukuphuma emakethe yezabasebenzi.

Ukuze uthole le pensheni, kudingeka kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo eziningana. izidingo eziyisisekelo:

  • Ubudala iminyaka yokuthatha umhlalaphansi esemthethweni ebekelwe unyaka okukhulunywa ngawo (isibonelo, iminyaka engama-65 eneminikelo eyanele, noma iminyaka engama-66 nezinyanga eziyi-8 uma iminyaka engama-38 nezinyanga ezi-3 ingafinyelelwanga ngo-2026).
  • Isikhathi esincane somnikelo yeminyaka eyi-15, okungenani emibili ingakapheli iminyaka eyi-15 ngaphambi kokuthatha umhlalaphansi.
  • Ukuphela komsebenzi, ngaphandle kokuthi ivumelaniswe namalungiselelo ahambisana nomsebenzi (asebenzayo, aguquguqukayo noma angaphelele).
  • Isicelo sempesheni ngaphakathi kwesikhathi esibekiwe: ngokuvamile kuze kube yizinyanga ezi-3 ngaphambi noma ezinyangeni ezi-3 ngemuva kwesenzakalo esidala isimangalo, futhi singenziwa ngosuku olufanayo nokuphela kwesicelo.

Isikhanga esikhulu somhlalaphansi ojwayelekile ukuthi, uma iminyaka edingekayo isiqongelelwe, umuntu angakwazi ukuthola i-100% yesisekelo somthetho ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ukunciphisa njengoba kwenzeka ngomhlalaphansi wangaphambi kwesikhathi. Kuyindlela evame kakhulu kulabo abangafisi ukujezisa impesheni yabo futhi abakhetha ukuthatha umhlalaphansi kuze kube yiminyaka esemthethweni.

Ukuthatha umhlalaphansi kusenesikhathi: izimo zokuzithandela, eziphoqelekile kanye nezinye

La Ukuthatha umhlalaphansi kusenesikhathi kukuvumela ukuthi uthathe umhlalaphansi ngaphambi kweminyaka yokuthatha umhlalaphansi esemthethweniLokhu kufezwa ngokunciphisa inani ngokusebenzisa ama-coefficient okunciphisa. Akukhona nje inkokhelo eyodwa kusengaphambili, kodwa kunezimo eziningana ezahlukene, ngasinye sinemithetho yaso.

Ukuthatha umhlalaphansi ngokuzithandela ngaphambi kwesikhathi

Ukuthatha umhlalaphansi ngokuzithandela kusenesikhathi kuhloselwe labo Bazinqumela ngokwabo ukuyeka ukusebenza kuze kube yiminyaka emibili kusengaphambili. yobudala babo obujwayelekile. Isibonelo, ngo-2026, umuntu oneminyaka ejwayelekile engu-66 nezinyanga ezingu-8 angathatha umhlalaphansi ngokuzithandela kusukela eminyakeni engu-64 nezinyanga ezingu-8; uma iminyaka yabo esemthethweni iyiminyaka engu-65 ngenxa yomlando omude wokufaka isandla, bangayiletha eminyakeni engu-63.

Izidingo eziyinhloko yilezi:

  • Ukungafanele ube sesimweni sokuxoshwa ngenkani (Kuyisinqumo sokuzithandela, hhayi umphumela wokuxoshwa okuqondile noma okufanayo).
  • Ukuba unikele okungenani iminyaka engama-35, okungenani kube yizi-2 zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-15 ngaphambi kosuku lokuthatha umhlalaphansi.
  • Ukukhishwa noma esimweni esifana nokukhululwa (izinzuzo zokungasebenzi, ikhefu lokugula, njll.).

Ububi obukhulu ukuthi, ngokuqhubeka phambili, imithetho ethile iyasebenza. ama-coefficient okunciphisa empesheniniKusukela ngo-2022, lokhu kunciphisa kubalwe ngokusekelwe enanini lezinyanga zokukhokha kusengaphambili futhi kulungiswa ngokwenani leminyaka yeminikelo. Njengesiqondiso, ukuze kube kusengaphambili okukhulu kwezinyanga ezingu-24, ukunciphisa kungaba cishe:

  • Un Ukuncishiswa okungu-21% ngeminikelo engaphansi kweminyaka engama-38 nesigamu.
  • Emaceleni we 19% uma uneminyaka ephakathi kuka-38,5 no-41,5 ubudala kucashunwe.
  • Emaceleni we 17% uma umsebenzi uphakathi kweminyaka engu-41,5 no-44,5.
  • Futhi cishe eyodwa 13% uma uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-44 nengxenye ubudala isisho.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, okuthiwa umbandela wokuphatha 4/2024 Kwethula ilungiselelo elikhethekile kulabo abanomlando womnikelo ozokwenza impesheni ibe phezulu kunesilinganiso esiphezulu esisemthethweni. Kulezi zimo, uma becela umhlalaphansi wokuzithandela ngaphambi kwesikhathi, isilinganiso sokunciphisa sisetshenziswa enanini eliphezulu lamanje, hhayi empeshenini engenamkhawulo ecatshangelwayo, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe inani lokugcina abazolithola.

Ukuthatha umhlalaphansi ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngenxa yokuxoshwa ngaphandle kokuzithandela

Okuthiwa umhlalaphansi ongazikhethelanga noma umhlalaphansi ngenxa yokuxoshwa okungekhona okuzithandela Ihloselwe abasebenzi abalahlekelwa yimisebenzi yabo ngenxa yezimo ezingaphezu kwamandla abo (ukuxoshwa ngokuhlanganyela, izizathu zomnotho, ukuvalwa kwezinkampani, ukuphoqelelwa, njll.). Kulesi simo, umhlalaphansi ungaba yiminyaka emine ngaphambi kweminyaka ejwayelekile yomhlalaphansi.

Ukuze ufinyelele le nketho, kufanele uhlangabezane, phakathi kokunye, nalezi zimfuneko:

  • Ukuba mncane ngeminyaka emine ukuthi iminyaka yokuthatha umhlalaphansi ehambisanayo esemthethweni.
  • Fakazela okungenani iminyaka engama-33 yeminikelo.
  • Bhalisa njengomuntu ofuna umsebenzi phakathi nezinyanga ezi-6 ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo.
  • Ukuthi ukuqedwa kubangelwa yinye yalezi zimbangela: ukuxoshwa ngokuhlanganyela noma ukuxoshwa ngokuhlanganyela; isinqumo senkantolo senkontileka; ukuqedwa ngenxa yokufa, ukukhubazeka noma umhlalaphansi womqashi; noma ukuyeka emsebenzini okuvunyelwe izinguquko ezinkulu, ukungakhokhelwa okukhulu, izimo zobudlova bobulili, phakathi kwezinye.

Nakuba kuhilela nokunciphisa, ama-coefficient okunciphisa athambile kunasendabeni yokuthatha umhlalaphansi ngokuzithandela ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngenxa nje yohlobo olungathandeki lokuhamba. Uma kubhekwa kusengaphambili iminyaka emine, ukuncishiswa okulinganiselwe kungaba phakathi kwalokhu:

  • 30% isaphulelo ngeminikelo engaphansi kweminyaka engama-38,5.
  • Ukuncishiswa okungu-28% abaneminyaka ephakathi kwengu-38,5 nengama-41,5 ubudala.
  • Ukwehliswa ngo-26%. abaneminyaka ephakathi kwengu-41,5 nengama-44,5 ubudala.
  • Ukwehliswa okungu-24% ngeminikelo yeminyaka engu-44,5 noma ngaphezulu.

Ukuthatha umhlalaphansi kusenesikhathi ngenxa yeqembu noma umsebenzi wobungcweti

Imisebenzi ethile iyacatshangelwa ikakhulukazi kunzima, kuyingozi, akunampilo noma kunezinga eliphezulu lokufaKula maqembu, umthetho uhlinzeka ngomhlalaphansi owengeziwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngokusebenzisa ama-coefficients okunciphisa ubudala.

Phakathi kwemisebenzi eqashelwa yi-Social Security, phakathi kwezinye izinto:

  • Abavukuzi.
  • I-personal de vuelo.
  • Impela abasebenzi bezitimela kanye nezinhlangano ezisizanayo.
  • Abaculi kanye nochwepheshe bokulwa nezinkunzi, kanye nokuqagela okuthile (isibonelo, kungenzeka ukuthi umuntu athathe umhlalaphansi kusukela eminyakeni engu-55 kwezinye izimo).
  • Abacishimlilo.
  • Amaphoyisa endawo kanye nezindikimba ezizimele ezifana ne-Ertzaintza, i-Mossos d'Esquadra noma i-Navarre Regional Police.

Umthetho ojwayelekile uthi Iminyaka yokuthatha umhlalaphansi ayikwazi ukwehliswa ngaphansi kweminyaka engama-52Ngaphandle kweminye imisebenzi ethile ekhethekile (njengezimayini noma izisebenzi ezithile zasemanzini). Kudingeka okungenani iminyaka eyi-15 yeminikelo, futhi uchwepheshe kumele abe esenze umsebenzi isikhathi esincane esimiswe yimithetho ukuze azuze ekuncishisweni.

Ukuthatha umhlalaphansi ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngenxa yokukhubazeka

Abantu abakhubazekile banokufinyelela ku- izinhlelo ezimbili ezinkulu zokuthatha umhlalaphansi ngaphambi kwesikhathi, kuye ngezinga eliqashelwayo: kusuka ku-45% noma kusuka ku-65%.

Esimweni sokuqala, nge ukukhubazeka okulingana noma okukhulu kuno-45%Lo mthetho uvumela ukufinyelela komhlalaphansi kusukela eminyakeni engu-56, uma nje:

  • Bacashunwe okungenani iminyaka engu-15.
  • I-Durante emihlanu yaleyo minyaka usevele esebenze nalelo zinga lokukhubazeka elilingana noma elingaphezu kuka-45%.
  • Kuqinisekiswe umbiko wezokwelapha ukuthi, okungenani iminyaka eyi-15, enye yalezi ezilandelayo ibilokhu ihlushwa yilezi: izifo ezifakiwe ohlwini olusemthethweni (isibonelo, ukukhubazeka kwengqondo, i-cerebral palsy, i-Down syndrome, i-cystic fibrosis, i-polio sequelae, ukulimala kobuchopho okutholakale, i-schizophrenia, i-bipolar disorder, i-multiple sclerosis, i-ALS, ama-leukodystrophies athile, ukulimala komgogodla okubuhlungu, phakathi kokunye).

Izifo ezintsha ziyangezwa kulolu hlu. Kusukela ngo-2026 kuqhubeke, isibonelo, okulandelayo kuzofakwa: i-spina bifida, isifo sikaParkinson, isifo sikaHuntington, ukuwohloka kwesistimu eminingi kanye nezinye izifo ezinkulu ezinciphisa isikhathi sokuphila, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukuvikelwa kwala maqembu.

Kwabantu abane ukukhubazeka okulingana noma okukhulu kuno-65% Uhlelo luhlukile. Kulokhu, okulandelayo kuyasuswa:

  • Unyaka owodwa weminyaka yokuthatha umhlalaphansi njalo eminyakeni emine esebenziwe ngalelo zinga eliqashelwayo lokukhubazeka.
  • Uma, ngaphezu kwalokho, isimo sifakazelwa ukuncika, ukubalwa kuhle kakhulu: okulandelayo kunesaphulelo iminyaka emibili njalo eminyakeni emine esebenziwe.

Noma kunjalo, iminyaka yokufinyelela ayikwazi ukuba ngaphansi kuka iminyaka 52Kudingeka okungenani iminyaka eyi-15 yeminikelo, kodwa akudingeki ukuthi inani elithile laleyo minyaka selichithwe ngalelo zinga lokukhubazeka, futhi akukhawulelwe ohlwini oluvaliwe lwezifo, olunikeza ukuguquguquka okwengeziwe.

Umhlalaphansi uhambisana nomsebenzi: osebenzayo, oguquguqukayo futhi ongaphelele

Uhlelo lwaseSpain luvumela, ngezindlela eziningana, ukuqhubeka nokusebenza futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo uthole umhlalaphansiAkuzona zonke izinketho ezitholakala kuwo wonke amaqembu, kodwa kubalulekile ukuzihlukanisa ngokucacile.

Umhlalaphansi osebenzayo

La umhlalaphansi osebenzayo Ivumela abahola impesheni ukuthi baqhubeke nokusebenza, kungaba ngabasebenzi noma njengabantu abazisebenzayo, ngenkathi bethola ingxenye yempesheni yabo. Kuyilungiselelo elivamile kakhulu phakathi kochwepheshe abafisa ukuqhubeka nomsebenzi othile futhi bandise imali yabo engenayo.

Ukuze ufaneleke, okulandelayo kuyadingeka:

  • Umenzi bafinyelele eminyakeni ejwayelekile yokuthatha umhlalaphansi ngaphandle kwamabhonasi noma izinkokhelo kusengaphambili.
  • Ngemva kokudala 100% wesisekelo sokulawula (okungukuthi, ukungabi nama-coefficients okunciphisa umsebenzi weminikelo).
  • Cela ukuhambisana phakathi kwempesheni nomsebenzi ngaphakathi kwemigudu ye-Social Security.

Ngokwendlela evamile, imali iyakhokhiswa 50% wempesheni ngenkathi umsebenzi uqhubekaUma kwenzeka abantu abazisebenzayo abanomsebenzi okungenani oyedwa onenkontileka ehlala njalo, kungenzeka ukuthi kuhlanganiswe I-100% yempesheni ngomsebenziokwenza le fomula ibe mnandi kakhulu kuleli qembu.

Umhlalaphansi oguquguqukayo

La umhlalaphansi oguquguqukayo Lokhu kwenzeka lapho umuntu owayesethathe umhlalaphansi ngokugcwele enquma ukubuyela emakethe yemisebenzi yesikhashanaLapha ukuhleleka kuphambene nomhlalaphansi ongaphelele: okokuqala, umuntu uthatha umhlalaphansi ngokuphelele, bese umuntu ebuyela emsebenzini kancane.

Izidingo ezibalulekile yilezi:

  • Ser umhlalaphansi onikelayo ngesikhathi sokucabanga ngokubuyela emsebenzini.
  • Yenza kube ngokomthetho inkontileka yesikhashana ngosuku lokusebenza oluphakathi kuka-25% no-75% kolujwayelekile enkampanini.
  • Yazisa Ngezokuphepha Komphakathi ukuhambisana, ukuze inani lempesheni lilungiswe.

Ngesikhathi usebenza, impesheni kunciphisa ngokulingana nosuku lokusebenza Futhi, lapho ubudlelwano bomsebenzi buphela, buyabalwa kabusha kucatshangelwa iminikelo emisha, okungase kusho ukwanda okuncane enanini lokugcina.

Ukuthatha umhlalaphansi kancane

La ukuthatha umhlalaphansi kancane Ikuvumela ukuthi ushintshele emsebenzini wesikhathi esigcwele uye emsebenzini oncishisiwe, ngesikhathi esifanayo uthole umholo wengxenye esebenziwe kanye nempesheni elinganayo yengxenye yosuku lokusebenza engenziwanga. Ilawulwa kuphela abasebenzi kanye namalungu okubambisana; abazisebenzayo, okwamanje, abakwazi ukufinyelela lolu hlelo.ulwazi oluthe xaxa).

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: ngenkontileka yokushintsha y ngaphandle kwenkontileka yokushintsha, ngemithetho ehlukene kancane.

Ukuthatha umhlalaphansi kancane ngenkontileka yokusiza

Kule ndlela inkampani uqasha esinye isisebenzi (isisebenzi sosizo) othatha ingxenye yamahora okusebenza ancishisiwe kubasebenzi abathathe umhlalaphansi kancane. Isisebenzi esithathe umhlalaphansi kancane sinenkontileka yesikhathi esigcwele futhi sisebenza phakathi kuka-25% no-75% walawo mahora, kuyilapho isisebenzi esithatha indawo simboza okusele.

Izidingo ezijwayelekile zifaka:

  • Isivumelwano senkampani ukwenza kube semthethweni kokubili ukuncishiswa kwamahora okusebenza kanye nokuqashwa kwesisebenzi esizongena esikhundleni saso.
  • Isikhundla esiphakeme kakhulu iminyaka eyi-6 enkampanini yesisebenzi esithatha umhlalaphansi kancane.
  • Ubuncane beminyaka ibekwe ngokweminyaka yokuthatha umhlalaphansi esemthethweni: imvamisa ingaphansi ngeminyaka emi-3 kunejwayelekile, kanye nezidingo ezengeziwe ngokweminyaka yeminikelo (isibonelo, iminyaka engama-30 noma ngaphezulu).
  • Ubuncane be Iminyaka engu-33 yokufakwa ohlwini, kanti kwamanye amaqembu, iminyaka engama-25 uma kukhulunywa ngabantu abanokukhubazeka okuqashelwayo.

Ukwehliswa kwephesenti emahoreni okusebenza kumele kube phakathi 25% y 75%Phakathi naleso sikhathi, i-Social Security ikhokha ingxenye elinganayo yempesheni kanti umqashi ukhokha umholo ohambisana namahora okusebenza angempela.

Ukuthatha umhlalaphansi kancane ngaphandle kwenkontileka ezongena esikhundleni

Uma kungekho sisebenzi esizongena esikhundleni saso, umhlalaphansi oyingxenye uhlelwe ngendlela ehlukile. Lapha, kungenzeka kuphela... uma iminyaka evamile isifikile umhlalaphansi; okungukuthi, akunakulethwa ngale ndlela, futhi inkampani ayiphoqelekile ukuqasha noma ubani ukuze akhokhele ukuncishiswa kwamahora okusebenza.

Izidingo eziyisisekelo yilezi:

  • Sengifikile e- iminyaka evamile esemthethweni umhlalaphansi.
  • Yiba okungenani Iminyaka engu-15 yokufakwa ohlwini, okubili okumele kube phakathi neminyaka eyi-15 edlule.
  • Faka isicelo se- ukuncishiswa kwamahora okusebenza phakathi kuka-25% no-75% wosuku oluphelele lokusebenza, ethola impesheni ehambisanayo.

Kuzo zombili izinhlobo zomhlalaphansi ongaphelele, impesheni ibalwa futhi ilungiswe ngokulingana nesikhathi esisebenziwe kanye nesikhathi somhlalaphansi, futhi ibuyekezwa lapho umuntu ekugcineni ethuthela emhlalaphansi ogcwele.

Ukuthatha umhlalaphansi okubambezelekile kanye nokuthatha umhlalaphansi okuphoqelekile ezinkampanini

Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwesikali kukhona umhlalaphansi obambezelekileOkusho ukuthi, labo abanquma ukuqhubeka nokusebenza ngemva kweminyaka yabo yokuthatha umhlalaphansi ngokusemthethweni. Inhloso yalolu hlelo ukuvuza labo abandisa imisebenzi yabo yobungcweti ngezikhuthazo zezimali ezicacile.

Ukuze ufanelekele ukuthatha umhlalaphansi obambezelekile, udinga kuphela:

  • Umenzi sebefinyelele eminyakeni ejwayelekile yokuthatha umhlalaphansi.
  • Okwamanje angitholi impesheni umhlalaphansi ohambisana nomnikelo.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, ngonyaka ngamunye ogcwele owusebenzile, uthola imali Ukwenyuka ngo-4% ngokwesisekelo somthethoNgaphandle kwalokho, ungakhetha inkokhelo eyodwa yesamba (isheke lomhlalaphansi elihlehlisiwe elaziwayo), inani lalo lincike eminyakeni eyengeziwe yenkonzo kanye nenani lokuqala lempesheni, noma inhlanganisela yazo zombili izinketho. Uma, ngaphezu kweminyaka ephelele yenkonzo, wengeza izinyanga ezengeziwe kusukela eminyakeni emibili eyengeziwe, izikhathi ezithile (isibonelo, izinyanga eziyisithupha noma ngaphezulu) zingase zikhiqize amaphesenti engeziwe empeshenini.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imithethonqubo ivumela izivumelwano ezihlangene zethula izigaba zomhlalaphansi eziphoqelekileNjalo ngemibandela ethile kakhulu. Ngemva kwemithetho eminingana ephindaphindwayo, okwamanje akuvunyelwe ukuphoqelela umhlalaphansi ngesivumelwano sokubambisana ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-68. Inhloso ukukhuthaza ukuvuselelwa kwezizukulwane ngenkathi kuvimbela ukuphuma emakethe yezabasebenzi ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Ukuthatha umhlalaphansi kwezisebenzi zikahulumeni: amakilasi angenzi lutho kanye nohlelo olujwayelekile

Abasebenzi benkonzo yomphakathi bethula izici ezibalulekile kuye ngosuku lokufinyelela esikhundleni sabo kanye nohlelo lokuvikelwa komphakathi abanikela kulo: Amakilasi Kahulumeni Angasebenzi noma Uhlelo Olujwayelekile Lokuphepha Komphakathi.

Izisebenzi zikahulumeni ngaphansi koHlelo Lomhlalaphansi Lwezisebenzi Zikahulumeni (zangena ngaphambi kuka-2011)

Izikhulu ezazivele ziyizikhulu ngaphambili UJanuwari 1 we-2011 Ngokuvamile zilawulwa yi-Civil Service Pension Scheme. Ngaphakathi kwalolu hlelo, kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zomhlalaphansi ezivelele (ngaphezu kokukhubazeka okuhlala njalo):

  • Umhlalaphansi ophoqelekile ngenxa yobudalaKwenzeka ngokuzenzakalelayo, ngokuvamile lapho ufinyelela eminyakeni engama-65 ubudala, yize kukhona okuhlukile okucacile. Abasebenzi bokufundisa baseyunivesithi, omantshi, abahluleli, abashushisi, kanye nonobhala benkantolo, kanye nabanye ababhalisi bezindlu abanezikhundla zesikhathi eside, baneminyaka yobudala yokuthatha umhlalaphansi eyi-70. Kuzo zonke izimo, okulandelayo kuyadingeka: okungenani iminyaka eyi-15 yenkonzo ephumelelayo emakilasini angenzi lutho.
  • Ukuthatha umhlalaphansi ngokuzithandela ngaphambi kwesikhathiKungacelwa kusukela eminyakeni engu-60, uma nje kunikezwe ubufakazi Iminyaka engama-30 yokusebenzela uMbusoAzikho izinhlawulo ezisebenza lapha njengasesimisweni esijwayelekile; kuwumhlalaphansi ogcwele ngaphakathi kweSikimu Somhlalaphansi Sezisebenzi Zomphakathi.

Kukhona futhi isithombe se- umhlalaphansi noma umhlalaphansi wokukhubazeka unomphelaKumenyezelwa njenge-ex officio noma ngesicelo seqembu lapho isikhulu sihlushwa ukulimala okuzinzile nokungalungiseki (noma okuguquguqukayo) ngokomzimba noma ngokwengqondo noma isifo esimvimbela ekwenzeni imisebenzi yomzimba noma yesikhundla sakhe.

Kulezi zimo, impesheni ibalwa ngendlela efanayo nejwayelekile, kodwa ngokuqondene nokuthi, uma ukukhubazeka kwenzeka ngesikhathi usebenza, leyo minyaka ibhekwa njengeyenziwe. iminyaka egcwele esele kuze kube yiminyaka yokuthatha umhlalaphansi ephoqelekileKusukela ngo-2009, uma ngesikhathi somcimbi obangela inzuzo, iminyaka engaphansi kwengu-20 yenkonzo ivunyelwe futhi ukukhubazeka akumvimbeli umuntu kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi noma umsebenzi, kusetshenziswa ukwehliswa kwenani lenzuzo (5% ngonyaka ngamunye ngaphansi kweminyaka engu-20, kanti ubuningi obungu-25% kulabo abaneminyaka engu-15 noma ngaphansi benkonzo). Uma isimo siba sibi futhi singafaneleki kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi, ukwenyuswa kwempesheni kungacelwa kufike ku-100% walokho obekufanele kukhokhe.

Kuma-Pensheni Ezisebenzi Zikahulumeni kukhona futhi ithuba lokuthi ukwandisa ngokuzithandela ukuhlala komuntu enkonzweni esebenzayo Ngale kweminyaka yokuthatha umhlalaphansi ephoqelekile, kweminye imikhakha, abasebenzi bangahlala ezikhundleni zabo kuze kube yilapho beneminyaka engu-70 ubudala. Ukuze benze kanjalo, isisebenzi kumele sikucele okungenani izinyanga ezimbili kusengaphambili, kanti uHulumeni angasinqaba isicelo kuphela ezimweni ezithile (ukwehluleka ukuhlangabezana nesidingo seminyaka noma ukuthunyelwa ngemva kwesikhathi esibekiwe). Uma kungafinyelelwanga sinqumo phakathi nenyanga eyodwa, ukuthula kokuphatha kubhekwa njengokuvunywa. Isisebenzi singaqeda lokhu kwelulwa kwesikhathi ngokunikeza isaziso sezinyanga ezintathu.

Izikhulu zohlelo olujwayelekile (zingene kusukela ngo-2011)

Izikhulu ezithole izikhundla ku- UJanuwari 1 we-2011 Banikela ku-General Social Security Scheme. Kubo, Imithetho yomhlalaphansi iyafana neyanoma yimuphi omunye umsebenzi.: umhlalaphansi ojwayelekile, umhlalaphansi wokuzithandela noma ophoqelelwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi, umhlalaphansi oyingxenye, umhlalaphansi oguquguqukayo, umhlalaphansi osebenzayo, umhlalaphansi obambezelekile, njll., kanye neminyaka kanye nama-coefficients abekwe emithethweni ejwayelekile.

Umhlalaphansi wabantu abazisebenzayo: lokho ongakwenza nokungenakukwenza

Okokuqala, abazisebenzayo abakwazi ukufinyelela:

  • Ukuthatha umhlalaphansi kancane.
  • Umhlalaphansi oguquguqukayo ngokwemigomo esebenza ngayo kubasebenzi abakhokhelwayo.
  • Ukuthatha umhlalaphansi ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngenxa yokukhubazeka 65% noma ngaphezulu ngohlelo olufanayo nohlelo olujwayelekile.

Ngezinye izindlela (umhlalaphansi ojwayelekile, wokuzithandela nowokuphoqelelwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, womsebenzi onzima, umhlalaphansi osebenzayo, umhlalaphansi obambezelekile, njll.) Yebo, bayakwazi ukuqaphela amalungelo alinganayo.Eqinisweni, lapho bethatha umhlalaphansi osebenzayo bangakwazi ukuqoqa imali efinyelela ku-100% yempesheni yabo uma begcina okungenani isisebenzi esisodwa esinamakhontrakthi ahlala njalo.

Iminyaka ejwayelekile yokuthatha umhlalaphansi yabantu abazisebenzayo ngo-2026 isiseduze Iminyaka engu-66 nengxenye ubudala uma iminyaka edingekayo yeminikelo ingafinyelelwangafuthi uma uneminyaka engu-65 uma okungenani iminyaka engu-38 nezinyanga ezingu-3 zeminikelo zivunyelwe. Izidingo zeminyaka yeminikelo kanye nokubalwa kwesisekelo somthetho zifana kakhulu nalezo zohlelo olujwayelekile.

Inselelo enkulu yaleli qembu ukuthi Iningi elikhulu linikela ngokusekelwe esisekelweni esincane somnikelo.Lokhu kusho ukuthi, ngenani elifanayo leminyaka yenkonzo, isilinganiso sabo sempesheni cishe siyingxenye yempesheni yesisebenzi. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlanganisa impesheni kahulumeni kanye izinhlelo zempesheni ezizimele noma eminye imikhiqizo yokonga kanye nokutshalwa kwezimalifuthi nokusebenzisa izinzuzo zentela zeminikelo ngaphakathi kwemingcele ebekiwe.

Izinguquko, izidingo ezibalulekile kanye nokuhlela umhlalaphansi

Izinguquko zakamuva zifuna ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kohlelo Njengoba sibhekene nokukhula kwabantu kanye nomhlalaphansi omkhulu wesizukulwane sokukhula kwezingane, lokhu kuholele ekwandeni kweminyaka yokuthatha umhlalaphansi esemthethweni, ukwandiswa kwesikhathi sokubala, izikhuthazo zokulibaziseka kokuthatha umhlalaphansi, kanye nokwanda kwezithako zokudla emaqenjini asengozini.

Phakathi kwezinyathelo ezithola ukuthandwa esikhathini esifushane yilezi:

  • La isibuyekezo saminyaka yonke sempesheni nge-CPI, okuye kwaholela ekusetshenzisweni kwemali okunegalelo okungaphezu kwama-euro ayizigidigidi ezingama-200.000.
  • Ukudalwa okukodwa i-akhawunti yokonga umhlalaphansi yomuntu ngamunye okuvumela ukuqoqwa kweminikelo yokuzithandela njengesengezo sempesheni yomphakathi.
  • El ukwanda okuqhubekayo kweminikelo yokuphepha komphakathi ezisebenzela zona zilungiswe zibe yimali engenayo yangempela, ukuze zisondeze imali yazo yempesheni kuleyo yabasebenzi abakhokhelwayo.
  • El ukuqinisa isengezo segebe lobulili, kanye nokwenyuka okwengeziwe kwabesifazane abaye baba nemisebenzi engapheli noma amaholo aphansi ngenxa yokunakekelwa kwezingane noma eminye imithwalo yemfanelo yomndeni.

Uma ubala impesheni yakho engaba khona, kubalulekile ukuqonda imiqondo emithathu ebalulekile: isisekelo sokulawula, the iminyaka yeminikelo futhi i iminyaka othatha ngayo umhlalaphansiNgeminyaka eyi-15 yeminikelo, uthola u-50% wesisekelo somthetho; kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, inyanga ngayinye eyengeziwe yeminikelo inezela kumaphesenti, kuze kube yilapho ifinyelela ku-100% cishe eminyakeni engama-36 kuya kwengama-37 ubudala. Ukuthatha umhlalaphansi kusenesikhathi kuzosebenzisa ama-coefficients okunciphisa, kuyilapho ukulibazisa kungandisa kakhulu inani.

Inqubo yokufaka isicelo sempesheni ilula kakhulu: Kungenziwa ku-inthanethi ngehhovisi le-elekthronikhi le-Social Security. (ngesitifiketi sedijithali, i-Cl@ve PIN, noma ngaphandle kwazo ngamafomu athile) noma mathupha ngokuqokwa. Kubalulekile ukugcwalisa ifomu elisemthethweni, unikeze i-ID yakho noma i-NIE (Inombolo Yomazisi Yomfokazi), futhi, uma kusebenza, unikeze ubufakazi bokumelwa uma omunye umuntu ekwenzela. Endaweni yokusebenza, kufanele futhi ubhalisele ngokusemthethweni ukuyeka kwakho noma ukuqedwa kwenkontileka yakho nenkampani ngenxa yomhlalaphansi.

Noma ubani ofuna ukuya phambili kufanele acabangele indlela yokwengeza umhlalaphansi womphakathiUkonga okuhleliwe ngezinhlelo zempesheni, izinhlelo zomsebenzi, umshwalense wokonga, noma imikhiqizo yokutshalwa kwezimali kuyisihluthulelo sokugcina izinga lakho lokuphila lapho usuthathe umhlalaphansi. Inzuzo ukuthi eziningi zalezi zindlela zivumela iminikelo eguquguqukayo, zinikeza izinzuzo zentela ngaphansi kweNtela Yengeniso Yomuntu Siqu (i-IRPF), futhi zingahlanganiswa kuze kufike emikhawulweni yeminikelo yonyaka esemthethweni.

Uma sibheka lokhu, kulula ukuqonda ukuthi kungani umhlalaphansi ungaseyona nje "yokufinyelela iminyaka ethile bese uyeka umsebenzi." Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinketho (ezijwayelekile, zangaphambi kwesikhathi, ezingaphelele, ezihambisana nomsebenzi, ezibambezelekile), izimo zomuntu siqu noma zomsebenzi (isisebenzi, ozisebenzayo, isisebenzi sikahulumeni, isisebenzi esikhubazekile, umsebenzi onobungozi obukhulu), kanye nezinguquko zakamuva zomthetho kusho ukuthi Ukuhlela umhlalaphansi kufana nokuklama iphrojekthi encane yokuphila.Uma uqala ngokushesha ukubuyekeza iminyaka yakho yeminikelo, izisekelo zeminikelo, kanye namandla okonga, kulapho kuzodingeka ukhethe khona ukuthi uzothatha umhlalaphansi nini futhi kanjani ngaphandle kokuyeka umhlalaphansi onokuthula nophephile ngokwezimali.

izinzuzo zokonga zabasebenzi
I-athikili ehlobene:
Izinzuzo zokonga zabasebenzi: izici ezibalulekile, izinhlobo, kanye nezinzuzo