Uma uzisebenza, kungenzeka ukuthi wake wazibuza ukuthi ilungelo lokungasebenzi futhi ikhokhiswa kanjani? Lolo sizo luyatholakala uma kwenzeka ibhizinisi livalwa. Impendulo emfushane ithi yebo, kukhona "izinzuzo zokungasebenzi kubantu abazisebenzayo," kodwa lubizwa ngokusemthethweni inzuzo yokuyeka umsebenzi futhi isebenza ngemithetho yayo, ehlukile kweyokungasebenzi kwabasebenzi abakhokhelwayo.
Ukwazi kahle le mithetho kuyisihluthulelo sokungalahlekelwa amalungelo. Iphutha ngezikhathi zokugcina, amadokhumenti angafakwanga kahle, noma ukuchazwa kabi kwezizathu zokuvalwa kungabangela ukuthi ulahlekelwe amalungelo akho. yenqaba inzuzo ongayifinyelela ngempelaKulo mhlahlandlela sizobona ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi kuyini ukuyeka umsebenzi, yiziphi izidingo ezicelwayo, yiziphi izizathu ezibangela lokho, ukuthi ungakucela kanjani, isikhathi esingakanani esitholwa, inani elingakanani nokuthi kuziphi izimo lapho kumiswa noma kuqedwa khona.
Kuyini ukumiswa kwemisebenzi kubantu abazisebenzayo?
Lokho wonke umuntu akubiza ngokuthi “ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi phakathi kwabantu abazisebenzayo” empeleni, yilokho uhlelo oluthile lokuvikela uma umsebenzi uyekwa Lokhu kuhloselwe izisebenzi ezizisebenzelayo. Kuwukumbozwa okuyimpoqo okuhlanganiswe neminikelo yezokuphepha komphakathi ezisebenzelayo, okunikeza usizo lwezezimali lapho uchwepheshe ezithola esesimweni esinzima. baphoqeleka ukuvala noma ukunciphisa kakhulu umsebenzi wabo ngezizathu ezizwakalayo.
Lokhu kumiswa komsebenzi kungaba unomphela noma wesikhashanaNgakolunye uhlangothi, ukuyeka okwesikhashana kungaba okuphelele (umsebenzi uphela ngokuphelele isikhathi esithile) noma ingxenye (umsebenzi uyagcinwa, kodwa ngokuncipha okukhulu kwemali engenayo noma abasebenzi, ngokuya ngezimo ezithile). Kuzo zonke izimo, inhloso yalolu hlelo iwukuba ukunikeza abazisebenzayo isivikelo sezimali ngesikhathi efuna eminye imisebenzi, eqondisa ibhizinisi lakhe noma ethuthukisa isimo sakhe.
Ukuvikelwa ekuphelisweni komsebenzi kuhlanganisa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, inzuzo yezezimali yanyanga zonke futhi, ngakolunye, the Iminikelo Yezokuphepha Komphakathi yezinkinga ezivamile isikhathi senzuzo (kanye nezimo ezithile ezimweni zokumiswa kwengxenye yomsebenzi). Ngamanye amazwi, ngenkathi uthola "izinzuzo zokungasebenzi ozisebenzelayo," inkampani yomshuwalense ohlangene noma inhlangano ephethe iyaqhubeka nokukhokha umnikelo ofanayo walezo zimo eziphuthumayo egameni lakho.
Labo abangase bavikelwe yilesi sivikelo bahlanganisa, phakathi kwabanye, labo ababhalisiwe ku- Umthetho Okhethekile Wabasebenzi Abaziqashayo (i-RETA), labo abafakiwe ohlelweni olukhethekile lwabasebenzi bezolimo abazisebenzelayo (i-SETA) abafaka isandla ekumisweni komsebenzi, labo abazisebenzelayo Umbuso Okhethekile Wolwandle futhi i Abasebenzi Abazisebenzelayo Abazimele Ngokomnotho (TRADE)uma nje behlangabezana nezimfuneko zomthetho.
Izidingo zokufinyelela izinzuzo zokungasebenzi kubantu abazisebenzayo
Ukuze ufanelekele izinzuzo zokungasebenzi, ukuvala ibhizinisi nje akwanele. Isisebenzi esizisebenzelayo kumele sihlangabezane nezimfuneko ezithile. isethi yezidingo ezisemthethweni neziphathekayo ezifakazela ukuthi zisesimweni esivikelwe ngumthetho. Lezi yizona eziyinhloko:
Okokuqala, kumele ube exhumene futhi isesimweni esisebenzayo ngaphansi kohlelo olufanele lwe-Social Security (ngokuvamile i-RETA) ngosuku lokumiswa komsebenzi, noma ngosuku ukumiswa komsebenzi okusemthethweni okubhekwa njengokuqalile ngalo ezimweni zokumiswa okuyingxenye. Ngaphandle kokubhaliswa, akukho ukumbozwa okungenzeka.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele ufakazele isikhathi esincane esithile somnikelo wokuyeka umsebenziNgokuvamile, kudingeka ukuthi ube unikele ekuvikelekeni komphakathi okungenani izinyanga eziyi-12 zilandelana ngaphambi kosuku lokumiswa kwemisebenzi. Empeleni, lokhu kusho ukuthi iminikelo yakho yonyaka odlule kumele ukuthi ifake phakathi ukumbozwa kokumiswa kwemisebenzi nokuthi akubanga khona ukuphazamiseka.
Esinye isidingo esiyisisekelo ukuzithola ngempela isimo somthetho sokuyeka umsebenzi njengoba kuchazwe yimithethonqubo. Akwanele ukusho nje ukuthi isinqumo sokuvala senziwe ngezizathu zomuntu siqu. Kumelwe siwele ngaphansi kwesinye sezimbangela ezisemthethweni (ukulahlekelwa kwezomnotho, i-force majeure, ukulahlekelwa yilayisensi, ubudlova bobulili, njll.) kanye ukukwazi ukufakazela lokho ngemibhalo ngama-invoyisi, amafomu entela, izinqumo zokuphatha noma zezomthetho, imibiko, izitifiketi, njll.
Kuphoqelekile futhi ukubhalisela i- ukuzibophezela emsebenziniLokhu kusho ukubonisa isimo sengqondo sokuthatha isinyathelo sokuphinda ungene emakethe yemisebenzi noma ukuthuthukisa amathuba akho okuqashwa. Empeleni, lokhu kusho ukuthi umuntu ozisebenzelayo kumele azimisele ukuhlanganyela ku ukuqeqeshwa kanye nemisebenzi yokuqondisa umsebenzi noma izinhlelo zokusekela amabhizinisi ezihlelwe yizinsizakalo zokuqashwa komphakathi ngenkathi zithola izinzuzo.
Uma kwenzeka ukumiswa unomphela komsebenzi, ukuze uthole izinzuzo zokungasebenzi kubantu abazisebenzayo, awukwazi ukufinyelela ku- iminyaka ejwayelekile yokuthatha umhlalaphansiNgaphandle kokuthi, ngisho noma usufinyelele kuleyo minyaka, awuhlangabezani nesikhathi esincane sokufaka isandla esingakunika ilungelo lokuthola impesheni yomhlalaphansi efaka isandla. Umqondo uwukuvimbela ukuyeka umsebenzi ukuthi kusetshenziswe esikhundleni sempesheni uma usuvele ufanelekela umhlalaphansi ogcwele.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuba kusesikhathini ngezinkokhelo ze-Social SecurityUma unezikweletu ezisasele ngosuku lokuphela komsebenzi, kodwa uhlangabezana nesikhathi esincane somnikelo, kusebenza "isimemo sokukhokha": unikezwa izinsuku ezingama-30 zekhalenda zokulungisa isimo sakho ngokukhokha inani elisele. Uma ukhokha phakathi nalesi sikhathi, imfuneko ibhekwa njengegcwalisiwe futhi ungayithola inzuzo.
Okokugcina, akumele uhlanganyele kunoma iyiphi yalezi zinhlelo ukungalingani okuhlinzekwe kuMthetho Wezokuphepha Komphakathi OjwayelekileIsibonelo, izinzuzo ezithile azikwazi ukuhlanganiswa. Futhi uma kwenzeka olwandle abazisebenzelayo nabasebenzi, ngaphambi kokufaka izicelo zezibonelelo zokungasebenzi kubasebenzi abazisebenzelayo kumele babonise ukuthi bahlangabezane nezidingo. izibopho zomsebenzi kanye nokuxoshwa noma ukuthuthwa ezibekwe kubo yimithethonqubo yomkhakha.
Izizathu ezithethelela ukumiswa komsebenzi wabantu abazisebenzayo
Njengoba kunjalo ngezinzuzo zokungasebenzi kwabasebenzi abakhokhelwayo, ukufinyelela "ezinzuzweni zokungasebenzi kwabasebenzi abazisebenzayo" kugcinelwe izimo lapho Ukuqeda kwenziwa ngokungazikhetheli noma ngokuphoqelelwa yizimo eziqondileUmthetho uhlukanisa izinhlobonhlobo zezimbangela ezibangela isimo esisemthethweni sokumiswa komsebenzi.
Isigaba sokuqala esikhulu yilesi izimbangela zezomnotho, zobuchwepheshe, zenhlangano noma zokukhiqiza okwenza ukuqhubeka kwebhizinisi kungenzeki. Lokhu kufaka phakathi, isibonelo, ukulahlekelwa okuqhubekayo noma ukwehla okukhulu nokubhalwe phansi kwemali engenayo. Ngezinjongo ezingokoqobo, kubhekwa njengesizathu esisemthethweni uma kuboniswa ukulahlekelwa okungaphezu kuka-10% wemali engenayo ngonyaka ogcwele, ngaphandle konyaka wokuqala wokukhululwa; uma kukhona izenzo zokwahlulela noma zokuphatha zokuphoqelela ukuqoqa izikweletu ezimele okungenani u-30% wemali engenayo yonyaka wezimali odlule; noma uma isimemezelo sezomthetho sokuqothuka okuvimbela ukuqhubeka kwebhizinisi.
Okwesibili, sinezimbangela zalokhu I-force majeure eziphoqa ukuyeka ngokuphelele noma ingxenye yomsebenzi. Lezi yizenzakalo ezingavamile, ezingaphezu kokulawulwa ngumuntu ozisebenzayo, ezazingenakubonwa kusengaphambili noma ezingenakugwenywa, njengezinhlekelele zemvelo, imililo ethile, ubhubhane, noma izimemezelo zesimo esiphuthumayo ezikhubaza yonke imikhakha. Ukugula okuvamile komuntu ozisebenzayo noma inkinga yezomnotho esakazekile engenawo umthelela othile akubhekwe njenge-force majeure.
Ukuze kuqashelwe amandla amakhulu, kumele kube khona isimemezelo esicacile yinhlangano ephethe (ngokuvamile inkampani yomshuwalense ohlangene) endaweni lapho umsebenzi ukhona. Isisebenzi esizisebenzelayo kuzodingeka sihambisane ne- isitatimende esifungisiwe okubonisa usuku okwenzeka ngalo lesi sigameko nokuthi ukumiswa kwaso kungokwesikhashana noma kwaphakade. Le ndlela yayibalulekile, isibonelo, ngesikhathi senhlekelele yezempilo ye-COVID-19 nakwezinye izimo ezifana nezinhlekelele zemvelo noma izimo eziphuthumayo ezisendaweni ethile.
Isizathu sesithathu esisemthethweni yi- ukulahlekelwa yilayisensi yokuphatha okudingekayo ekwenzeni umsebenzi, uma nje ukugunyazwa okunjalo kuyisici esibalulekile sokukwazi ukusebenza. Lesi sizathu siyamukelwa noma ngabe ukulahlekelwa kuvela eziphambekweni zokuphatha noma amacala, kodwa hhayi uma kungenxa yokulahlwa yicala ngenxa icala lobugebenguUma ilayisensi ihoxiswa ngenxa yobugebengu, akukho lungelo lokuthola inzuzo yokuyeka umsebenzi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthetho ubhekana nezinye izimo ezithile. Esinye sazo yindaba yokuba isisulu sobudlova obusekelwe ebulilini noma ubudlova bocansiuma lesi simo sivimbela ukuqhubeka kwebhizinisi. Ukugunyazwa kungenziwa nge-oda lokuvikela, i-oda lenkantolo eliqala izinqubo, umbiko ovela eHhovisi Lomshushisi Womphakathi, noma eminye imibhalo efanayo eqashelwa yimithethonqubo.
Esinye isizathu esikhethekile yilesi isehlukaniso noma ukwehlukana komshado Uma kwenzeka kubalingani abazisebenzayo abasebenza ebhizinisini lomlingani wabo wangaphambili, uma ubuhlobo bomshado buphela futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukubambisana kunqamuka, isisebenzi esizisebenzayo singayithola inzuzo, uma nje ukuqedwa kwenzeka zingakapheli izinyanga eziyisithupha kusukela isinqumo senkantolo noma isivumelwano sokuhlukana.
Ekugcineni, endabeni ka- abalingani bezinkampani ezinkulu Labo ababhaliswe ngaphansi kwe-RETA (Special Regime for Self-Employed Workers) babheka isimo sabo esisemthethweni njengesiqediwe lapho umlingani ophethe elahlekelwa yisimo sakhe njengomphathi noma eyeka ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ngokungazithandeli futhi kuhlangatshezwane nezimo ezithile zomnotho: ukuthi inkampani isivele inayo ukulahlekelwa okungaphezu kuka-10% ngonyaka ogcwelenoma ukuthi inani labo eliphelele lehle ngaphansi izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zesabelo zimali, phakathi kwezinye izibikezelo ezicacisiwe.
Ukumiswa kwengxenye yomsebenzi wabasebenzi abazisebenzelayo
Enye yentuthuko enkulu yeminyaka yamuva ukuhlanganiswa kwe ukumiswa kancane komsebenziLolu khetho luvumela abazisebenzayo ukuthi banciphise kakhulu umsebenzi wabo ngenkathi besathola izinzuzo ngaphandle kokususa ukubhalisa kwi-RETA (Special Regime for Self-Employed Workers) noma ukuvala ibhizinisi labo ngokuphelele. Kulezi zimo, usizo luvame ukuba U-50% wesisekelo sokulawula, ngemininingwane ethile kuye ngesimo esithile.
Ukuxoshwa okuyingxenye kubaluleke kakhulu ezimweni zezinhlekelele zemikhakha noma izinkinga zesikhashana, ngoba kunikeza "umzila wokuphila ophakathi nendawo"Uchwepheshe angagcina iphrojekthi yakhe iphila, ayivumelanise noma ayihlele kabusha, ngenkathi ethola ukwesekwa ngokwezimali ukuze amsize abhekane nokwehla kwemali engenayo noma abhekane nezikweletu eziqongelelekile.
Uma kwenzeka abantu abazisebenzelayo abanale nkinga abasebenzi abakhokhelwayo ngaphansi kwesandla sakheUkufinyelela kulolu khetho kudinga ukwehliswa okungenani ngo-60% emahoreni okusebenza abo bonke abasebenzi noma ukumiswa okwesikhashana kwama-60% ezinkontileka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umuntu ozisebenzelayo kumele abonise Ukwehla kwemali engenayo ngo-75% maqondana nezikhathi ezifanayo zeminyaka edlule, ngokusho kwezinkomba ezibekwe yimithethonqubo (ngokuvamile, ukuqhathanisa izingxenye zezimali).
Kwabantu abazisebenzayo aba AbanabasebenziIzimfuneko zigxila kakhulu ebudlelwaneni phakathi kwesikweletu nemali engenayo. Kuyadingeka ukuthi kube khona izikweletu ezifinyelela okungenani ku-150% wemali engenayo evamile kwekota ezimbili ngaphambi kokuphela kwengxenye kanye, ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwehla okungu-75% kwenzuzo kubonakala uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo sonyaka odlule. Konke lokhu kuncike ekutheni imali engenayo etholakele iphansi kune-Interprofessional Minimum Wage (SMI) noma esisekelweni somnikelo uma siphansi.
Kukhona futhi nesibalo sokuphela kwengxenye ngenxa amandla esikhashanaLokhu kuvikelwa kwenzelwe izimo lapho isimo esiphuthumayo noma umyalelo kahulumeni uthinta isikhungo noma umkhakha othile ngaphandle kokuwukhubaza ngokuphelele. Lezi zimo zidinga nokulahlekelwa yimali engenayo okungaba ngu-75% nokuthi imali engenayo etholakala ibe ngaphansi komholo omncane noma isisekelo somnikelo wezokuphepha komphakathi, ngaleyo ndlela kudala uhla oluwusizo kakhulu lokuvikelwa kwemikhakha esengozini enkulu yezehlakalo ezingalindelekile.
Ufaka isicelo sezibonelelo zokungasebenzi kuphi futhi kanjani njengomuntu ozisebenzayo?
Uma uhlangabezana nezidingo futhi uwela ngaphansi kwesinye sezizathu zomthetho ezichazwe, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuhambisa isicelo ku- inhlangano ephethe kahleEzimweni eziningi, yinkampani yomshuwalense esebenzisana nohlelo lwe-Social Security oluhlanganisa izimo zakho zomsebenzi kanye nokuyeka umsebenzi.
Uma umuntu ozisebenzelayo ehlukaniswa ngokwesigaba Umbuso Okhethekile WabasemanziniInhlangano enekhono ngokuvamile yi-Social Institute of the Navy. Ezimweni ezithile ezisele lapho i-contingency imbozwa ngqo yi- I-State Public Employment Service (SEPE) noma i-National Institute of Social Security (INSS), kuzodingeka uye kulezo zinhlangano, yize into evamile iwukuphatha ngezinkampani zomshuwalense ezihambisanayo.
Inqubo ivame ukuqala nge- ukwethulwa kwefomu lesicelo elisemthethweni evela enkampanini yomshuwalense ohlangene, ehambisana nawo wonke amadokhumenti asekelayo okuqeda isivumelwano: i-VAT noma amafomu entela yengeniso yomuntu siqu yekota neyonyaka, ama-ledger emali engenayo nezindleko, ama-akhawunti onyaka, izitifiketi zezikweletu, imiyalelo yenkantolo, izinqumo zokuphatha, imiyalo yokuvikela, imibiko ye-force majeure, njll., kuye ngesizathu esisolwayo.
Isikhathi esinqunyiwe sokuthumela isicelo yilesi kuze kube usuku lokugcina lwenyanga elandelayo kuze kube usuku umsebenzi ophele ngalo (noma ukwehliswa okuqinisekisiwe, uma kwenzeka ukumiswa kwengxenye). Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlonipha lo mnqamulajuqu, ngoba uma uthunyelwa ngemva komnqamulajuqu, noma ngabe izidingo ziyahlangatshezwa, inzuzo iyanikezwa kodwa inani lezinsuku ezidlulile kusukela kumnqamulajuqu kuze kube usuku lwangempela lokuthunyelwa lisuswa esikhathini esiphelele.
Uma isicelo sesithunyelwe, inkampani yomshuwalense ohlangene izoba Izinsuku eziyi-10 zokucela amadokhumenti engeziwe Uma unomuzwa wokuthi kukhona okungacacile noma ulwazi olungekho, futhi kungakapheli isikhathi esibekiwe Isinqumo kumele sikhishwe zingakapheli izinsuku ezingama-30 zebhizinisi. ukunikeza noma ukwenqaba ilungelo. Uma inzuzo inikezwa, usuku lokuqala, ubude kanye nenani kuzokhonjiswa; uma yenqatshwa, izizathu zizoshiwo futhi umuntu ozisebenzelayo angafaka isikhalazo ngalesi sinqumo, kuqala ngemigudu yokuphatha futhi, uma kudingeka, ngaphambi komthetho wezenhlalo.
Ngesikhathi sokuqoqa, inhlangano ephethe ithatha izintambo zokuphatha Iminikelo Yezokuphepha Komphakathi yezinkinga ezivamileuma nje isicelo sithunyelwe ngesikhathi. Ezimweni zokuyeka ingxenye yenkampani, inkampani yomshuwalense ohlangene ivame ukumboza u-50% womnikelo kuyilapho isisebenzi esizisebenzelayo sihlala sibhalisiwe, ngaleyo ndlela silondoloze ukuvikelwa komphakathi noma ngabe umsebenzi unciphile.
Isikhathi sokungasebenzi kwabantu abazisebenzayo
Isikhathi sezibonelelo zokungasebenzi asifani kuwo wonke umuntu, kodwa sincike ngqo ku- izinyanga ezinikelwe ngenxa yalesi simo esiphuthumayo ngaphakathi kwesikhathi sokubhekisela. Ngokuvamile, izinyanga zokugcina ezingama-48 ngaphambi kokuqedwa komsebenzi ngokusemthethweni ziyacatshangelwa, uma nje phakathi naleso sikhathi kudingeka okungenani izinyanga eziyi-12 eziqhubekayo.
Ngenhloso yesiqondiso, umthetho usungula ubukhulu bezigaba okuhlobene neminikelo kanye nobude besikhathi sokufaneleka. Isibonelo: uma unikele phakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-12 neziyi-17, unelungelo lokuthola izinzuzo zezinyanga ezi-4; phakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-18 neziyi-23, izinyanga eziyi-6 zezinzuzo; kusukela ezinyangeni ezingama-24 kuya kweziyi-29, izinyanga eziyi-8; kusukela ezinyangeni ezingama-30 kuya kweziyi-35, izinyanga eziyi-10; kusukela ezinyangeni ezingama-36 kuya kweziyi-42, izinyanga eziyi-12 zezinzuzo; kusukela ezinyangeni ezingama-43 kuya kweziyi-47, izinyanga eziyi-16; kanye neminikelo yezinyanga ezingama-48 noma ngaphezulu, ungathola kufika ku- Izinyanga ezingama-24 zokungasebenzi kwabasebenzi abazisebenzayo.
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi, uma inzuzo yokuyeka umsebenzi isiqashelwe, Izinyanga zeminikelo ezisetshenziswe ukukhiqiza lelo lungelo zibhekwa “njengezisetshenzisiwe”Ngamanye amazwi, uma ngemva kokuqeda usizo uqala ibhizinisi futhi noma uzisebenzela, kuzodingeka uqale phansi ukuze uqoqe izinyanga ezintsha zeminikelo yokuyeka umsebenzi ukuze uthole enye inzuzo esikhathini esizayo.
Le mininingwane ibalulekile ekuhleleni, ngoba ekuvalelweni kokuqala kungasetshenziswa ingxenye kuphela yenzuzo enkulu engenzeka; noma kunjalo, uma ukuvalwa okusha kwenzeka kamuva futhi sekudlule iminyaka eminingana, kuzodingeka ukuthi kuphinde kusungulwe ilungelo ngeminikelo emisha. Kwezinye izimo, imithethonqubo nayo idinga isikhathi esincane phakathi kokuphela kwenzuzo eyodwa kanye nethuba lokufaka isicelo senyeNgakho-ke, kuhlale kunconywa ukuthi kubuyekezwe umthetho osebenzayo ngesikhathi sokuqeda.
Inani lenzuzo yokuyeka umsebenzi
Inani umuntu ozisebenzelayo azolithola njengezinzuzo zokungasebenzi libalwa ngokusebenzisa iphesenti ku- isisekelo sokulawulaLesi sisekelo sokulawula, ngokuvamile, yi- isilinganiso sezisekelo zomnikelo lapho isisebenzi esizisebenzelayo sinikele khona phakathi nezinyanga eziyi-12 eziqhubekayo ngaphambi nje kokumiswa.
Uma kwenzeka ukuqeda okuphelele okuvamile, iphesenti elifanele liyi U-70% wesisekelo sokulawulaNgamanye amazwi, uma unikele ekuvikelekeni komphakathi ezinyangeni ezingu-12 ezedlule ngesilinganiso esimaphakathi se-€1.000 ngenyanga, inzuzo yakho iyonke izoba yi-€700 ngenyanga (€1.000 x 0,70). Kusukela lapho, inani langempela ozolithola lizoncika ekubanjweni kwentela yengeniso kanye nezinye izinkokhelo ezingaba khona.
Ngenxa yezinkolelo-mbono zokuthi ukumiswa kancane komsebenzi noma i-partial temporary force majeure, umthetho ucabangela inzuzo elingana nayo, ngokuvamile, U-50% wesisekelo sokulawulaNgakho-ke, uma umholo wakho oyisisekelo ojwayelekile wonyaka odlule wawungama-euro ayi-1.500 ngenyanga futhi uthola ukumiswa kwengxenye yomsebenzi, ungathola ama-euro angama-750 ngenyanga ngenkathi ugcina ukubhaliswa kwakho ku-RETA (i-Special Regime for Self-Employed Workers) kanye nomsebenzi oncishisiwe.
Inzuzo yokuyeka umsebenzi incike ku- imikhawulo ephezulu kanye nephansiLezi zimali zinqunywa ngokusekelwe ku-IPREM (Public Indicator of Income for Multiple Effects) nokuthi unazo yini izingane ezithembele kuwe noma cha. Njengomthetho ojwayelekile, inani eliphezulu alikwazi ukudlula u-175% we-IPREM, ngaphandle kokuthi unengane eyodwa, lapho-ke likhuphuka lifike ku-200%, futhi uma unezingane ezimbili noma ngaphezulu lingafinyelela ku-225%. Ngokuphathelene nenani elincane, ngokuvamile liphakathi kuka-80% we-IPREM kulabo abangenazo izingane kanye no-107% kulabo abanezingane.
Ngezinhloso zokubala, iphuzu lokubhekisela liyiswa ku I-IPREM yanyanga zonke yamanje, ikhuphuke ngengxenye eyodwa kweziyisithupha ukulinganisa izinkokhelo ezengeziwe. Kubalulekile futhi ukukhumbula ukuthi le mikhawulo emincane ayisebenzi lapho isisebenzi esizisebenzelayo sibe sinikela ngokusekelwe esisekelweni somnikelo esiphansi kunesilinganiso esincane sohlelo. Ezimweni zokumiswa kwengxenye yomsebenzi ngenxa yesikhashana se-force majeure, imikhawulo yendabuko ephezulu kanye nemikhawulo emincane nayo ingase ingasebenzi, uma kubhekwa isimo esingavamile.
Esinye isici esisebenzayo esithinta kakhulu inani yi- isisekelo somnikelo esikhethiwe kuyo yonke impilo yobungcwetiIzisebenzi eziningi ezizisebenzelayo zikhetha isisekelo seminikelo encane iminyaka eminingi ukuze zikhokhe iminikelo ephansi yezokuphepha komphakathi, okuholela ekubeni yinzuzo encane yokungasebenzi. Labo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, abanikela ngokusekelwe eminikelweni ephezulu nezinzile bavame ukufinyelela inzuzo enkulu yokungasebenzi, yize lokhu kusobala ukuthi kuhilela umzamo omkhulu wokufaka isandla ngenkathi ibhizinisi labo lichuma.
Ukumiswa, ukuqaliswa kabusha kanye nokunqanyulwa kwenzuzo
Ilungelo lokuthola izinzuzo zokungasebenzi alikalungiswa: lingakwazi imiswe okwesikhashanaLawa malungiselelo angaqalwa kabusha kamuva noma aqedwe unomphela, kuye ngezimo zomuntu ozisebenzelayo. Imithethonqubo ichaza izimo lapho ngayinye yalezi zinketho isebenza khona.
Ukumiswa kusho ukuthi isisebenzi esizisebenzelayo siyayeka ukuthola usizo futhi, ezimweni eziningi, iminikelo ekhokhwa yinkampani yomshuwalense ohlangene iyamiswa, kodwa Izinyanga ezisele ukuba zidliwe azilahlekilengaphandle uma ukumiswa kuvela esijezisweni esingathi sína. Phakathi kwezimbangela ezivame kakhulu zokumiswa yilokhu ukubekwa kwenhlawulo encane noma enkulu endaweni ye-Social Security noma izinzuzo, ukuhambisana ne- isigwebo sokuncishwa inkululeko noma ukusebenza komuntu ozisebenzelayo noma umsebenzi isikhathi esingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyi-12.
Futhi kubangela ukumiswa ukudluliselwa kwesikhashana kokuhlala phesheya isikhathi esingaphansi kwezinyanga ezingu-12, lapho inhloso iwukufuna umsebenzi, intuthuko yobungcweti, noma ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe. Ngokufanayo, uhambo olulodwa oluvela ngaphandle kweSpain ngezikhathi ezithile, olungadluli izinsuku ezingu-30 zekhalenda ngonyaka, luvunyelwe, uma nje ludluliselwe futhi lugunyazwe kusengaphambili yinkampani yomshuwalense ohlangene, ngaphandle kwalokhu okuholela ekulahlekelweni yilungelo.
Ukuze inzuzo iqhubeke, umuntu ozisebenzelayo kumele athumele i- isicelo esisha sokuvuselelaUmfakisicelo kumele anikeze ubufakazi bokuthi imbangela yokumiswa isiphelile (isibonelo, ukuthi inkontileka yomsebenzi yesikhashana isiphelile noma ukuthi usebuyile evela phesheya) nokuthi uyaqhubeka nokuhlangabezana nazo zonke ezinye izidingo zomthetho. Uma konke kuhamba kahle, inkampani yomshuwalense ohlangene izoqala kabusha inkokhelo yesikhathi esisele senzuzo ngesikhathi sokumiswa.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunezimo lapho umthetho kucima ngokuphelele futhi akusakwazi ukuyithola. Phakathi kwazo kukhona ukukhathala kwesikhathi esiphezulu esiqashelwa ngokusekelwe eminikelweni, kanye nokwenza umsebenzi wokuzisebenzela noma umsebenzi okhokhelwayo ngesikhathi 12 imiz, ukubekwa kwesijeziso esingathi sína noma esingathi sína kakhulu esihlobene nenzuzo, ukufinyelela emhlalaphansi, ukuqashelwa kokukhubazeka okuhlala njalo noma ukufa komzuzi.
Kuzo zonke izimo, ukuqedwa kulawulwa yizinhlinzeko zoMthethosisekelo Umthetho Ojwayelekile Wokuvikeleka Komphakathi kanye nemithethonqubo ethile yokumiswa komsebenzi. Uma isisebenzi esizisebenzelayo sikholelwa ukuthi ukuqedwa kwakungafanele noma ukuthi umthethonqubo awusetshenziswanga kahle, singadlulisela isikhalazo ngesinqumo ngaphakathi kwemingcele yesikhathi esibekiwe, kokubili kwezokuphatha kanye nezokwahlulela, ngokusekelwa uchwepheshe okhethekile.
Ngalo lonke lolu hlu oluyinkimbinkimbi lwezidingo, izimbangela, amanani, izinsuku zokugcina kanye nemiphumela, inzuzo yokumiswa komsebenzi isibe yi- ingxenye eyisisekelo yokuvikelwa komphakathi kwabantu abazisebenzayo eSpainAkufani nezinzuzo zokungasebenzi kwabasebenzi abakhokhelwayo, futhi ukufinyelela kukho akuzenzakalelayo, kodwa uma kusetshenziswa kahle, kunikeza ukwesekwa okukhulu uma kwenzeka ukuvalwa ngokungazikhetheli, ubunzima obukhulu bezezimali, noma izimo ezingalindelekile. Ukuqonda kahle ukuthi kusebenza kanjani, ukulungiselela amadokhumenti adingekayo kusenesikhathi, nokufuna iseluleko esinengqondo yizindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokuqinisekisa ukuthi awuphuthelwa yileli lungelo, lapho isikhathi sifika, elingenza umehluko phakathi kokumelana nesimo esinzima ngokuqina okuthile noma ukubhekana naso ngokuphelele.
