Uhulumeni usebenzise indlela yezomthetho afuna ngayo ukuvikela ngempumelelo ukwanda kwe-Minimum Interprofessional Wage (SMI) kanye nokuvala umnyango womkhuba osakazekile wokukhokhelwa kwabasebenzi: ukunxephezela lokhu kukhushulwa ngamabhonasi athile kanye nezithasiselo zemiholo. Lesi sinyathelo siqaliswa ngesinqumo sasebukhosini esiguqula iSiqondiso saseYurophu samaholo aphansi anele futhi sesivele sisesigabeni sokuxoxisana nomphakathi.
Ngalesi sinyathelo, uMnyango Wezabasebenzi, oholwa nguYolanda DÃaz, uhlose ukuthi umholo omncane usebenze njenge- izinga lomholo langempela, elingenakuguqulwa nelibonakalayo emholweni, lapho kunezelwa khona izithasiselo ezahlukahlukene ngaphandle kokuthi lezi zikwazi ukusetshenziswa, ngaphandle kwemikhawulo embalwa kakhulu, ukuze "kuncishiswe" ukwenyuka kwaminyaka yonke okunqunywe yiSigungu Esiphezulu.
Isinqumo sasebukhosini sokuvikela umholo omncane ekuthathweni kwamabhonasi
Isinqumo esisha sasebukhosini sithuthukisa i-Article 27 yoMthetho Wezisebenzi futhi sichaza ukuthi i-European Directive (EU) 2022/2041 mayelana namaholo amancane kufanele isetshenziswe kanjani eSpain. Ingqikithi yalolu shintsho ihilela kunciphisa kakhulu amathuba ezinkampani okunciphisa nokwamukela ukwenyuka komholo omncane ngezithasiselo zomholo, umzila obekulokhu uvumela ukugwema kancane ukuhlaziywa okuncane kakhulu.
UMnyango Wezabasebenzi usuvele umemezele lolu shintsho ngaphakathi kohlaka lwesivumelwano ne-UGT kanye ne-CCO sokwenyuswa komholo omncane ngo-3,1% ngo-2026, okwenza kwaba Ama-euro angu-1.221 ngenyanga ngezinkokhelo ezingu-14Izinyunyana zibeke ukusekela kwazo kuHulumeni oqinisekisa ngokomthetho ukuthi Ukuthuthukiswa komholo ophansi akukwazanga ukuxazululwa ngamabhonasi kanye nezithasiselo.ukuze leli nani lihlanganiswe njengesisekelo esiqinile sokwakha phezu kwaso ingxenye esele yomholo.
Kuze kube manje, lapho umholo ophelele wesisebenzi - owengeza umholo oyisisekelo namabhonasi - udlula inani eliphansi elisemthethweni minyaka yonke, inkampani yayingaqonda Ukwenyuka komholo omncane kwancishiswa ngaphandle kwesidingo sokwenyusa umholo oyisisekelo.Ngomthethonqubo omusha, lo mqondo ushintshiwe: umholo omncane kumele ukhokhwe njengenani eliphansi eliqinisekisiwe futhi kunezelwa izithasiselo phezu kwalokho.
Inhlangano yabaqashi ibonise ukuphikisana okukhulu nalolu shintsho, uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi ukwenqatshelwa kokumunca ingxenye enkulu yezithasiselo kuzokwandisa kakhulu izindleko zabasebenziKodwa-ke, uMnyango Wezabasebenzi ukhomba ukuthi lolu shintsho luphendula esibophweni saseYurophu kanye nezibopho esezenziwe ezivumelwaneni zakamuva zamaholo nezinyunyana zabasebenzi.
Yimaphi amabhonasi angasakwazi ukumboza umholo omncane?
Umbhalo othunyelwe ukuze umphakathi uxoxe ngemininingwane yokuthi yiziphi izinto ezingafakwanga ekubalweni kwesinxephezelo kanye nokumuncwa komholo omncane. Uma kuqinisekiswa ukuthi umholo omncane ufinyelelwa yini ngokugcwele, ngonyaka, Izandiso eziningi zemiholo ezivame kakhulu ezivumelwaneni ezihlangene azikwazi "ukubalwa".
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, wonke amabhonasi axhumene nezimo lapho umsebenzi wenziwa khona awafakiwe, okungukuthi, ubusuku, ubuthi, ukukhandleka, ingozi, umsebenzi weshifu noma ukutholakalaLezi zithako zikhokhela izimo ezithile zesikhundla futhi, ngomthethonqubo omusha, kumele zikhokhwe njalo ngaphezu komholo omncane.
Okunye okungafakiwe yizithasiselo ezihlotshaniswa nezici zomuntu siqu zesisebenzi, njengalezo ze- ubudala, imfundo noma indawo yokuhlalaUmqondo uwukuthi intuthuko yobungcweti, iminyaka yenkonzo, noma indawo lapho umsebenzi wenziwa khona akunakusetshenziswa njenge-chip yokuxoxisana ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nokwenyuka komholo omncane osemthethweni.
Ngokufanayo, lesi sinqumo siyakwenqabela ukusebenzisa imiqondo ehlobene nobuningi noma ikhwalithi yomsebenzi ukuze kunxeshezelwe umholo omncane: izikhuthazo, amabhonasi okukhiqiza noma amakhomishiniPhakathi kwezinye. Njengoba zihlobene nokusebenza noma imiphumela, kumele zengeze ngaphezu komholo ophansi futhi azikwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukufakazela lokho.
Uhlu luqediwe ngalezo zesekeli isimo sokungakhokhelwa siqinisekiswa ngokucacile ezivumelwaneni ezihlangeneUma ukuxoxisana ngokuhlanganyela sekuvele kusho ukuthi ibhonasi ethile ayikwazi ukumuncwa, isinqumo siyayihlonipha futhi siyayiqinisa leyo sivikelo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uMnyango ukhumbuza ukuthi izinkokhelo ezingezona ezokukhokhelwa, njengezibonelelo noma amamayelaAzikaze zikwazi ukusetshenziswa ukumboza umholo omncane, futhi manje lokho kuvinjelwa kuchazwe ngokucacile kumthethonqubo omusha, ukuze kugwenywe noma yikuphi ukungabaza okuchazayo.
Amaholo azohlelwa kanjani ngemva kokuguqulwa?
Ngale mikhawulo, uhlelo lwemiholo luhlelwa kabusha: umholo omncane uzoba inani eliyisisekelo okumele likhokhwe ngokugcwele, lapho bazokwengeza Izithasiselo zomholo ezishiwo ngumthetho, izivumelwano ezihlangene, noma izinkontileka zomuntu ngamunye. Ngamanye amazwi, umholo omncane uyayeka ukuhlanganiswa njengereferensi "yomhlaba wonke" kuholo lonke futhi uba yindawo engaxoxiswana ngayo.
Empeleni, lokhu kusho ukuthi izisebenzi eziningi ezibone kuze kube manje Amabhonasi abo ancishiswa lapho umholo omncane ukhuphuka. Bazokwazi ukubona ukwenyuka kwemiholo yabo ngokucacile, njengoba lezi zinto zizongezwa ngaphezulu, kunokuba zisetshenziswe ukuqinisekisa ukwenyuka. UMnyango Wezabasebenzi uyavuma ukuthi ngisho nabantu abanomholo ongaphezu komholo ophansi kakade bangazuza ukube babethole isinxephezelo samabhonasi angasafakiwe ekubalweni.
Lesi sinqumo siphinde sicacise ukuthi Imithetho ejwayelekile yokunxeshezelwa kanye nokwamukelwa izosebenza kuphela uma kungekho mibandela yokuxoxisana ngokubambisana.Ngamanye amazwi, uma isivumelwano sichaza ngokunembile ukuthi isengezo ngasinye sisebenza kanjani, singase sethule izici ezihlukile, uma nje umsebenzi webhonasi ngayinye ubonakala ngokucacile futhi imingcele ebekwe yiSiqondiso kanye nomthetho iyahlonishwa.
Ngale ndlela, indima efanele inikezwa ukumelwa kwezisebenzi ngokomthetho, okuzoba namathuluzi engeziwe okusebenzisa. cindezela ukuthuthukiswa kwezigaba zemiholo ephansi futhi bavikele izithasiselo abazibheka njengezibalulekile esakhiweni semiholo yomkhakha noma inkampani yabo.
Umthelela olindelekile kwezomnotho emabhizinisini nakubasebenzi
UMnyango Wezabasebenzi uhambisane nomthetho wombuso ohlongozwayo kanye nokuhlaziywa komthelela kwezomnotho. Izibalo zawo zilinganisela ukuthi cishe Izisebenzi eziyizigidi ezingu-2,5 zingazuza yomthethonqubo omusha ngomholo omncane, okungathinta futhi labo abathola umholo omncane, ngenzuzo yomholo iyonke emaphakathi, kuye ngesimo, phakathi kuka-3,5% no-8,5%.
Uma kuhunyushwa njengezibalo zonyaka, ukwenyuka kwemali yomholo kuzowela ngaphakathi kwebanga Ama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-1.100 kanye nama-2.800Uma kulokho kwenyuka kwengezwa iminikelo yezokuphepha komphakathi ekhokhwa yinkampani - uMnyango uyibeka cishe ku-32% - Izindleko ezengeziwe eziphelele zamabhizinisi zingaba phakathi kwama-euro ayizigidigidi eziyi-1.500 nezingu-3.800 ngonyaka..
Kodwa-ke, umsebenzi ucacisa ukuthi izibalo ziyi- "ububanzi obubonisa umthelela omkhulu"Ngamanye amazwi, azifaki izinguquko ezingaba khona ezivela ekuxoxisaneni ngokubambisana noma izinguquko zesikhathi esizayo endleleni izinkampani eziklama ngayo izinhlelo zazo zemiholo, ezingaletha izinguquko ukuze zivumelane nohlaka olusha.
Ukuphendula izixwayiso ezivela emabhizinisini, uMnyango ugcizelela ukuthi umnotho unamandla anele okwamukela lokhu kwanda kwezindleko. Lokhu kusekelwe kudatha evela ku- I-Business Margins Observatory yeBhange laseSpain kanye ne-Tax Agency, okubonisa amazinga aphezulu okuthola inzuzo ezinkampanini zabo bonke osayizi ngokomlando.
Ngokusho koMnyango Wezabasebenzi, lesi simo kufanele sivumele ukuguqulwa kokusebenza ngaphandle kokuwohloka okukhulu komsebenzi, kuyilapho ngesikhathi esifanayo kungase kukhuthaze ukuguquguquka okukhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwemindeni kanye ne-GDP, kulandela imiphumela ebonwe ngemuva kokwenyuka komholo omncane eminyakeni yamuva.
Izingxoxo ezihlangene zithola ukuvelela
Ukuguqulwa kwe-European Directive akugcini nje ekuchazeni kabusha indima yomholo omncane kanye namabhonasi; kukhuthaza noshintsho endleleni okuqondwa ngayo ukuxoxisana ngokuhlanganyela ngamaholo. Isinqumo sasebukhosini siqinisekisa ukuthi uMnyango Wezabasebenzi kumele bala izinga lokumbozwa kwezingxoxo ezihlangene njalo ngonyaka eSpain.
Uma lelo zinga lingase lehle ngaphansi kuka-80%, uNgqongqoshe Wezabasebenzi kuzodingeka avume, ngomyalo kangqongqoshe futhi ngemuva kokubonisana nezinyunyana ezimele kakhulu kanye nezinhlangano zabaqashi, uhlelo lokusebenza olunesikhathi esibekiwe kanye nezinyathelo eziqondile ukwandisa ukumbozwa kancane kancane. Lolu hlelo kumele ludluliselwe kwiKhomishini yaseYurophu futhi lubuyekezwe okungenani njalo eminyakeni emihlanu.
Lo mbhalo uphinde wethule izibopho ezengeziwe ku- ukucaca kanye nolwazi lwezomnotho ezinqubweni zokuxoxisanaEzivumelwaneni zenkampani noma zezinga eliphansi, kanye nalezo zamaqembu noma izinkampani eziningi, izinkampani kumele zilethe, okungenani izinsuku eziyi-15 ngaphambi komhlangano wokuqala wekomidi lokuxoxisana, amadokhumenti abuyekeziwe ebhalansi, i-akhawunti yenzuzo nokulahlekelwa, umbiko kanye, uma kuziwa ezinkampanini ezinkulu, amadokhumenti anikezwa abalingani.
Ezivumelwaneni zemikhakha, inyunyana kanye nabameleli babaqashi Bangaxhumana neziphathimandla ezifanele ukuthola idatha ehlanganisiwe Ngokuphathelene nokushintsha kwezimali, izindleko zabasebenzi, izinzuzo eziphelele, noma imiphumela yezomnotho yomkhakha ohlanganiswe yisivumelwano. Nakuba ukwehluleka ukuhambisa lolu lwazi kungavimbeli ukuqala noma ukuqhubeka kwezingxoxo, kuyisici esibalulekile sokuqinisekisa ukuthi izivumelwano zamaholo zisekelwe kudatha eqinisekisiwe.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amathuba okuxoxisana ngokubambisana ahlala ekhona. lawula ngokuningiliziwe imithetho yokunxephezela kanye nokumuncaUkusungula, ukwengeza ngesengezo, indlela ezisebenza ngayo, njalo ngaphakathi kwemingcele ebekwe ngumthetho oyisisekelo kanye nokuhlonipha imingcele ebekwe kumthethonqubo omusha we-SMI.
IKomidi Lochwepheshe be-SMI liba ngumzimba ohlala njalo
Enye insika yenguquko ukuhlanganiswa kwe- Ikomidi elilulekayo lokuhlaziya umholo omncane phakathi kochwepheshe, eyaziwa ngokuthi ikomidi noma iKhomishini Yochwepheshe, eyayisebenza kuze kube manje futhi manje enohlaka lokulawula kanye nesimo esizinzile njengendikimba yokubonisana yabafundi basekolishi bakaHulumeni.
Umthetho uthi, ukuze kubekwe umholo omncane minyaka yonke noma kubuyekezwe njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha uma izibikezelo zokwehla kwamandla emali zingahlangatshezwa, iSigungu Esiphezulu kumele cela umbiko oyimpoqo kule KhomishiniLo mbiko kumele uthunyelwe ezinyunyaneni zabasebenzi nasezinhlanganweni zabaqashi okungenani izinsuku eziyi-15 ngaphambi kokubonisana okusemthethweni okuhlinzekwe kuMthetho Wezisebenzi.
Isinqumo sasebukhosini sichaza nokwakheka kwalesi sigungu. Ubungameli buzobanjwa yi- I-SecretarÃa de Estado de Trabajo, ezoba neHhovisi Lobubhalane kanye namalungu amaningana: elilodwa eliqokwe yiMnyango Wezabasebenzi uqobo, elinye yiMnyango Wezomnotho, elinye yiMnyango Wezezimali, amabili aphakanyisiwe yizinhlangano zabasebenzi ezimele kakhulu (i-CCO kanye ne-UGT), kanye namabili aphakanyisiwe yizinhlangano zabaqashi ezimele kakhulu (i-CEO kanye ne-Cepyme). amalungu amahlanu engeziwe aqokwe uMnyango Wezabasebenzi phakathi kochwepheshe abahlonishwayo ezindabeni eziphathelene nomholo omncane.
Phakathi kwemisebenzi yayo, iKhomishini izolungiselela njalo ngonyaka isiphakamiso sokubeka umholo omncane futhi uhlaziye ukuthi izinga eliphumayo liyahlangabezana yini nomgomo wokuba cishe u-60% umholo ojwayelekile we-net, ngokuhambisana ne-European Social Charter kanye ne-European Minimum Wage Directive uqobo.
Lo mzimba kuzodingeka ukhiphe okungenani umbiko owodwa wonyaka, noma umbiko wesigamu sonyaka uma kudingeka ukubuyekezwa, futhi ungacabangela zonke izinkomba ozibona zifanelekilekanye nokucela ukubambisana kokuphathwa komphakathi kanye nezinhlangano zomphakathi ezinganikeza ulwazi olufanele lwezomnotho.
Isimo sokucubungula kanye nezinyathelo ezilandelayo
Naphezu kobubanzi bezinguquko ezilethwayo, ushintsho alukapheli. Isinqumo sasebukhosini esishintsha i-European Directive siyaqhubeka nokubuyekezwa okwamanje. esigabeni sokulalelwa kanye nesolwazi lomphakathiukuze izakhamuzi, izinkampani, izinyunyana kanye nanoma iyiphi inhlangano enentshisekelo bakwazi ukufaka izinsolo kuze kube uMashi 20.
Uma isikhathi esibekiwe sesidlulile, uMnyango Wezabasebenzi kuzodingeka ukuhlaziya iminikelo etholiwe nokuhlola ukulungiswa okungenzeka embhalweni. Ngemuva kwalokho, lo mthetho kumele uthunyelwe ngokombono woMkhandlu Kahulumeni, ozoqinisekisa ukuthi usemthethweni, bese udlula kwiKhomishini Kahulumeni Yezindaba Zezomnotho, lapho uMnyango Wezomnotho udlala indima efanele.
Uma idlula lezi zihlungi, umthetho wobukhosi ozobhalwa uzothunyelwa ku UMkhandlu Wongqongqoshe ukuze uvunyelweNgemva kokushicilelwa kwayo ku-Official State Gazette (BOE), lo mthetho uzoqala ukusebenza ezinsukwini ezingama-20 ngemuva kokushicilelwa kwayo, ngaphandle kwelungelo lolwazi lwemikhakha oluqukethwe ku-athikili 6.2.b, oluzosebenza kamuva lapho ukuthuthukiswa kwayo komthetho othile sekuvunyiwe.
Ngamafuphi, uHulumeni uqhubeka nokuklama kabusha indima yomholo omncane esakhiweni somholo waseSpain, ngenhloso yokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukwenyuka komholo omncane kubonakala ngempela emiholweni futhi akuncishiswa ukumuncwa kwamabhonasi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uqinisa ukuxoxisana ngokubambisana, uhlanganisa iKhomishini Yochwepheshe, futhi usungula uhlaka lokucaca nolwazi lwezomnotho, ngaleyo ndlela udale uhlelo lapho Umholo omncane uhlose ukuba yindawo yangempela nephumelelayo yezigidi zabantu abasebenzayo..
