Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi ukuzinza komhlalaphansi sekungenye yezinto ezibangela izinkinga ezinkulu emnothweni waseSpain. Njengoba kunesibalo sabantu esiqhubeka nokuguquka, I-Bolsas y Mercados Españoles (BME) isibekwe etafuleni isinyathelo esivele siveza imiphumela kwezinye izingxenye zaseYurophu: ukuqaliswa kokubhaliswa okuzenzakalelayo e- izinhlelo zempesheni yomsebenziLe ndlela, eyaziwa emhlabeni wonke ngokuthi 'ukubhaliswa ngokuzenzakalelayo', ayihloselwe ukuthatha indawo yempesheni yomphakathi evamile, kodwa ihloselwe ukusebenza njengesisekelo ukuze abazothatha umhlalaphansi esikhathini esizayo bangalahlekelwa amandla okuthenga.
Umqondo ocatshangelwa yinkampani ephethe i-stock exchange yaseSpain ukubhalisa abasebenzi ngokuzenzakalelayo ohlelweni lokonga oluhlangene lapho beqasha. Nakuba lokhu kungase kubonakale kunemingcele ekuqaleni, iqiniso liwukuthi Ilungelo lokuphuma lihlala ligcinwa ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lokuzikhipha. Okusho ukuthi, uma isisebenzi sikhetha ukuba naleyo mali manje, singakhetha ukuzikhipha ngokuzithandela. Kodwa-ke, ulwazi lubonisa ukuthi abantu abaningi, kungaba ngenxa yokungakwazi ukusebenza noma ngoba bebona izinzuzo zesikhathi eside, banquma ukuhlala futhi baqale ukwakha lowo mqamelo wezezimali abawudingayo uma sekuyisikhathi sokuthatha umhlalaphansi.
I-UK njengesibuko kanye nempumelelo yemodeli yokuphuma ngokuzithandela
Ukuze uqonde ukuthi kungani kugxilwe kakhulu kule modeli, umuntu udinga ukubheka kuphela okwenzekile e-United Kingdom. Selokhu amaNgisi aqala ukubhalisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ngo-2012, Ukuhlanganyela kwabasebenzi kukhuphuke kusuka ku-47%. kuzodlula u-82% ngo-2024. Sikhuluma ngabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-23 abaye bajoyina lezi zinhlelo zomnikelo ezichaziwe cishe ngaphandle kokuqaphela, besebenzisa amathuba okubandlulula kwezomnotho ukuze baguqule ukunganaki kube ukonga kwangempela.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, eSpain, idatha incane kakhulu futhi ikhombisa ukuthi kusenomsebenzi omningi okusamele wenziwe. Ekupheleni kuka-2024, Izimpahla eziphethwe kulezi zimoto azifinyelelanga ku-10,8% we-GDP kuzwelonke, inani elingaphansi uma liqhathaniswa nesilinganiso esingu-32% e-European Union. Ingasaphathwa eyamazwe afana neDenmark noma i-Iceland, lapho lezi zikhwama zempesheni zidlula kakhulu usayizi womnotho wazo, zize zidlule ngisho no-200% woMkhiqizo wazo Wezwe.
Umbiko we-BME ugcizelela ukuthi lolu hlelo lokubhalisa ngokuzenzakalelayo kufanele lusekelwe yizinto esinazo kakade, njengezinhlelo zokuqashwa ezilula. Isihluthulelo ukuthi iminikelo engabizi kakhulu kokubili inkampani kanye nesisebenziukusungula indlela ehlelekile kancane kancane engavimbi ama-akhawunti ama-SME noma amaphakethe abasebenzi abanemiholo enciphile.
Izinsika ezintathu zokonga kanye nenselele yabantu yango-2050
Ochwepheshe bayavuma ukuthi uhlelo oluqinile lokuvikelwa komphakathi kumele lusekelwe ezinsikeni ezintathu ezilinganisiwe. Insika yokuqala yimpesheni yomphakathi, eyesibili yizinhlelo zempesheni ezisekelwe emisebenzini, kanti eyesithathu yimali yokonga ngokuzithandela komuntu ngamunye. Isiphakamiso se-BME sigxile ku ukuqinisa leyo nsika yesibili esilele emuva eSpainkusukela ngo-2025 bangu-3,13 million kuphela abahlanganyeli be-Social Security abahlanganyele kulolu hlobo lwe- izinzuzo zokonga zabasebenzi, okumelela kuphela u-14,4% wenani eliphelele.
Ukuphuthuma kwalezi zinyathelo kubangelwa umbono owesabekayo wabantu. Njengamanje, sinabasebenzi abangaba ngu-2,1 kumuntu ngamunye ohola impesheni, kodwa izilinganiso zeKhomishini yaseYurophu zibonisa ukuthi Lesi silinganiso sizokwehla siye ku-1,3 ngo-2050Ngaleso sikhathi, ukusetshenziswa kwemali yomphakathi ezimpeshenini kwakungase kukhuphuke ku-17,3% we-GDP, okucindezela kakhulu imali yesifundazwe uma kungatholakali umthombo wezimali ohambisanayo walabo abazothatha umhlalaphansi esikhathini esizayo, ngokuhlaziya ngokucophelela izinketho ezahlukene. izinhlobo zomhlalaphansi eSpain.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukiswa kwalezi zinhlelo kunomthelela omuhle kakhulu emnothweni wangempela. Ngokuqoqa imali eningi yesikhathi eside, leyo mali ingakwazi ukuxhasa ngezimali ingqalasizinda, ukusungula izinto ezintsha kanye namaphrojekthi okushintsha amandlaNgale ndlela, imali eyongiwe ngabasebenzi ayigcini nje ngokusebenza njengomhlalaphansi wabo, kodwa futhi iba uphethiloli wokukhula kwebhizinisi kanye nokudalwa kwamathuba emisebenzi akhiqizayo ezweni.
Inzuzo yomlando kanye nendima yezimakethe zezimali
Esinye sezici ezithakazelisa kakhulu ekuhlaziyweni kwe-BME isisindo esinikezwa inzuzo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngokusho kwedatha yomlando yeminyaka engu-120 edlule, imakethe yamasheya yaseSpain inikeze isilinganiso senzuzo yonyaka esilinganiselwe esiseduze no-8,3%kufaka phakathi izinzuzo. Uma singayinciphisi i-inflation, sishiywa nenzuzo yangempela engaba ngu-3%, okuthi, ngenxa yomlingo wenzalo ehlanganisiwe, ingaphindaphinda kakhulu imali eqoqwe ngesikhathi sokusebenza.
Ukuze lolu hlelo lonke lusebenze njengomsebenzi wewashi, izimakethe zezimali ezisobala nezisebenza kahle zibalulekile. I-BME igcizelela ukuthi ukushintshaniswa kwamasheya kanye nezinhlelo zokukhokha izixhumanisi ezibalulekile zokuxhumanisa ukonga nokutshalwa kwezimali Ekugcineni, umgomo uwukuba ukwakheka kohlelo kuhlanganise ukuphathwa kobungcweti nezindleko ezincishisiwe kanye nokuphatheka kalula, okuvumela isisebenzi ukuthi sithathe uhlelo lwaso lwempesheni uma sinquma ukushintsha izinkampani.
Ukwamukelwa kwale modeli yokubhalisa ngokuzenzakalelayo kwethulwa njengesixazululo esisebenzayo sokulinganisela ama-akhawunti esikhathi esizayo ngaphandle kokudela ukuvikelwa komphakathi. Ngokusebenzisa ukungabi naso kokuziphatha kwabantu kanye nokwenza kube lula ukufinyelela kumathuluzi okutshala imali ngokuhlanganyela, iSpain ingakwazi ukunciphisa ukuthembela kwabo okukhethekile ohlelweni lomphakathi kanye nokuthuthukisa izinga lokushintshana kwamaholo. Ekugcineni, kumayelana nokuqinisekisa ukuthi umhlalaphansi awuholeli ebunzimeni bezezimali, kusetshenziswa amathuluzi nokuhlela okusekelwe emakethe okuqala kusukela ngosuku lokuqala lomsebenzi.
