Imakethe yezabasebenzi yaseSpain ibhekene nesikhathi esingavamile lapho Ukuqashwa kwabantu emkhakheni kahulumeni kukhula ngendlela engakaze ibonwe ngaphambili, kuyilapho ukuzisebenzela kulahlekelwa yithemba. ngaphakathi kwabantu abaqashwe. ISpain ayikaze ibe nabasebenzi abaningi kangaka ezikhungweni zomphakathi ezahlukahlukene, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, inani elincane kangaka lochwepheshe abazisebenzayo. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kuveza isithombe esijabulisa labo abafuna ukuzinza, kodwa lokho kukhathaza kakhulu osomnotho kanye nochwepheshe bezemisebenzi.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, abasebenzi bomkhakha kahulumeni bakhuphuke kakhulu ngesivinini esiqhathaniswa kakhulu nokukhula okungekuhle kwabantu abazisebenzayo. Igebe phakathi kwezisebenzi zikahulumeni kanye nabantu abazisebenzayo liyaqhubeka nokukhula. Ngisho nangaphambi kobhubhane, futhi ngokusho kwedatha yakamuva evela ku-Active Population Survey (EPA) kanye namarekhodi asemthethweni e-Civil Service, lo mkhuba usuvele usungulwe njengenkinga yesakhiwo ethinta ikhono lezwe lokukhula, ukusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nokudala ingcebo.
Amanani aphezulu kakhulu emisebenzini yomphakathi eSpain
Njengamanje, iSpain isondela ezibalweni ezirekhodiwe cishe Izisebenzi zomphakathi ezisebenzayo eziyizigidi ezingu-3,6Lona umqulu ongakaze ubonwe ochungechungeni lwezibalo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuqala kuka-2019, abaphathi abahlukahlukene bangeze abasebenzi ababalelwa ku-449.000, okuwukwanda okukhulu kakhulu esikhathini esifushane.
Lokhu kwanda kusatshalaliswa kuwo wonke amazinga nezindawo zokuphatha: Ukuphathwa Kwezwe Jikelele, imiphakathi ezimele, omasipala, ezempilo, ezemfundo kanye nezinhlangano zomphakathi Izinkampani zazo zonke izinhlobo ziqinise abasebenzi bazo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ikota yokugcina ehlaziyiwe ibone ukwehla kwemisebenzi yomkhakha ozimele yabantu abangaphezu kuka-190.000, okuqinisa umqondo wokuthi ukukhula okukhulu kwemisebenzi kwamuva nje kuqhutshwa umkhakha womphakathi.
Eqinisweni, uma ikota yokuqala ka-2025 ithathwa njengereferensi, i-EPA ikhombisa ukuthi Inani labasebenzi bakahulumeni lidlule elabasebenzi abazisebenzayo ngomehluko wabantu abacishe babe ngu-240.000.Kunezisebenzi zikahulumeni kanye nabasebenzi bakahulumeni ababalelwa ku-3.499.100 uma kuqhathaniswa nezisebenzi ezizimele ezingu-3.259.500 eziqhuba amabhizinisi. Leli gebe aliyona nje inhlekelele yesikhashana, kodwa kunalokho liqinisekisa umkhuba olokhu uhlangana unyaka nonyaka.
Omunye umthombo oyinhloko yi-Statistical Bulletin of Personnel Serving Public Administrations (BEPSAP), elungiselelwe uMnyango Wezokuguqulwa Kwedijithali Nokuphathwa Komphakathi. Ngokusho kwalolu bhaliso, Inani labantu abaqashwe uhulumeni lidlule izigidi ezintathu engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka odlule.Lesi yisibalo esiphezulu kakhulu selokhu kwaqala amarekhodi (kusukela ngo-1990). Sekungokwesibili le ncwajana iveza inani elingaphezu kwezigidi ezintathu, kulandela irekhodi lokuqala ngoJulayi 2023, elabuyekezwa kamuva phezulu.
Ngokusho kweNational Institute of Statistics (INE), ukuqashwa komkhakha kahulumeni kuhlanganisa kubo bonke abasebenzi bezokuphatha zomphakathi nezinkampaniLokhu kufaka phakathi labo abafaka isandla ku-General Social Security Scheme kanye nalabo abambozwe yi-Civil Service Pension Scheme. Ngamanye amazwi, akubandakanyi nje kuphela izisebenzi zikahulumeni zomsebenzi, kodwa futhi nabasebenzi bezinkontileka kanye nabesikhashana, abaningi babo abanemisebenzi ebucayi naphezu kokusebenzela umbuso.
Abasebenzi abazisebenzelayo ngenani labo eliphezulu kodwa ngamazinga abo aphansi kakhulu okubaluleka
Umbono wabantu abazisebenzayo awucacile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ivolumu eseduze Izisebenzi ezizimele ezibhalisiwe eziyizigidi ezingu-3,4Nakuba lokhu kungase kubonakale njengezindaba ezinhle ngokuphelele, izinga lokukhula liphansi kakhulu kunelabasebenzi abakhokhelwayo, futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, isisindo sabo emakethe yezabasebenzi iyonke sehle saba amazinga akhathazayo.
Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, inani labasebenzi abazisebenzelayo likhuphuke cishe ngo-1% ngonyaka ngesikhathi liphezulu, kuyilapho ukuqashwa ku-General Scheme sekufinyelele cishe ku-1%. imisebenzi emisha eyisigamu sesigidi ngonyaka owodwangokunyuka okucishe kube ngu-3%. Lo mehluko usho ukuthi, yize inani eliphelele labasebenzi abazisebenzelayo likhuphuka kancane, balahlekelwa yithuba uma kuqhathaniswa nenani labasebenzi abakhokhelwayo kanye nabasebenzi bakahulumeni.
Uma sibheka isithombe sasekupheleni kuka-2024, abantu abazisebenzayo babike cishe 14,4% wabantu abayizigidi ezingu-21,86 abasebenzayoEkuqaleni kwawo-2000, babelinganiselwa ku-16,4%. Ngamanye amazwi, eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule abazange nje bahluleke ukuthola udumo, kodwa empeleni balahlekelwe yindawo ekwabiweni kwemisebenzi. Lokhu kuyenzeka naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi, empeleni, inani lamalungu e-Special Regime for Self-Employed Workers (RETA) selibuyele emazingeni afana nalawo ango-2008.
Ngokuphathelene negebe lomlando, ushintsho lubaluleke kakhulu. Eminyakeni engaba amashumi amabili edlule, Izisebenzi ezizisebenzelayo ziningi kunezisebenzi zikahulumeniNgo-2000, kwakunabasebenzi abazisebenzayo ababalelwa ezigidini ezingu-2,60 uma kuqhathaniswa nabasebenzi bakahulumeni abayizigidi ezingu-2,45, umehluko wabachwepheshe ababalelwa ezigidini ezingu-150.000. Kodwa-ke, kusukela ngo-2008 kuqhubeke, lesi silinganiso sashintsha, futhi kusukela ngo-2009, ukuqashwa komkhakha kahulumeni kuye kwanda njalo kunezisebenzi ezizimele. Kusukela enkingeni yezezimali, ukuqashwa komkhakha kahulumeni kukhule cishe ngo-19,6%, kanti inani labasebenzi abazisebenzayo likhuphuke ngo-3,3% kuphela esikhathini esifanayo.
Ngokusho kwedatha yakamuva eqhathaniswayo, ISpain yaphela ngo-2024 ngabasebenzi abazisebenzayo ababalelwa ezigidini ezingu-3,15 uma kuqhathaniswa nabasebenzi bakahulumeni abayizigidi ezingu-3,59.Lokhu kusho igebe labantu ababalelwa ku-441.000 abasekela umkhakha kahulumeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingxenye enkulu yabasebenzi abasha abazisebenzelayo ababona abaqashi, kodwa bangochwepheshe abasebenza ngokuzimela, ngaphandle kwabasebenzi.
Ukwehla komqashi ozisebenzelayo kanye noshintsho lwemodeli
Esinye sezici ezikhathaza kakhulu izinhlangano zezimboni kanye nochwepheshe ukuziphatha okuhlukile phakathi abaqashi abazisebenzayo kanye nabazisebenzayo abangenazo izisebenziCishe konke ukukhula okuncane kokuzisebenzela eminyakeni yamuva nje kungenxa yalabo abasebenza bodwa, kuyilapho labo abakha imisebenzi eyengeziwe nabasebenzi bencipha.
Njengamanje, cishe izisebenzi ezizimele eziyizigidi ezintathu zenza umsebenzi wazo ngaphandle kwabasebenzi abaqashiweOkwamanje, inani labantu abazisebenzayo abanomsebenzi oyedwa noma ngaphezulu liye lehla kuzo zonke izigaba ngonyaka odlule njengoba kuhlaziywe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kunamabhizinisi amancane namabhizinisi amancane asekelwa ngabantu abazisebenzayo abakwazi ukudala imisebenzi, okuthinta inethiwekhi yebhizinisi yezwe.
I-Association of Self-Employed Workers (ATA) ibilokhu ixwayisa isikhathi esithile ukuthi lo mkhuba uthinta kakhulu i- abaqashi abazisebenzayo kanye namabhizinisi amancane anesisebenzi esisodwa noma ezimbiliNgemva kwe-EPA yakamuva (i-Active Population Survey), i-ATA igcizelele ukuthi ukudalwa kwemisebenzi ngo-2024 kwakugxile ezinkampanini ezinkulu nasezinkontilekeni zokuphatha umphakathi, kuyilapho inani lamabhizinisi amancane nabantu abazisebenzayo abanabasebenzi abaqashiwe lehla.
Sekukonke, ngo-2024 inani labasebenzi abazisebenzelayo lakhula cishe ngo-42.000, kodwa lokhu kwanda kwakubangelwa kakhulu yi- imiphakathi emibili: iMadrid ne-Andalusiaokuhlangene kwaba ngaphezu kwengxenye yokwanda. Sekukonke, bekukhona imiphakathi eyishumi ezimele lapho inani labasebenzi abazisebenzelayo lenyuka khona kanye nesikhombisa lapho lehla khona, okugqamisa iqiniso elingalingani kakhulu kuye ngesifunda.
Uma kuqhathaniswa no-2019, i-ATA igqamisa ukuthi okungaphezu kwalokho Abasebenzi abazisebenzelayo kanye nezinkampani eziqashayo abangu-50.000Okusho ukuthi, abaqashi abancane abangaphezu kuka-50.000 bancipha eminyakeni embalwa nje. Lokhu kulahlekelwa amandla okukhiqiza kuveza imisebenzi embalwa edalwe kusukela phansi kuya phezulu, amandla amancane okukhulisa amabhizinisi endawo, kanye nokuthembela okukhulu ezinkampanini ezinkulu kanye nasemkhakheni womphakathi.
Imikhakha lapho abasebenzi abazisebenzayo bekhula futhi behla khona
Ukuziphatha kwabantu abazisebenzayo akufani kuyo yonke imikhakha. Imininingwane ikhombisa ukuthi imisebenzi ehlobene nolwazi kanye nezinsizakalo zobungcweti Bayaqhubeka nokukhula, kuyilapho imikhakha yendabuko efana nokuthengisa, ezokuthutha, kanye nezolimo ibhekene nokwehla kwezisebenzi ezizisebenzelayo.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, imisebenzi yesayensi neyezobuchwepheshe iholele ekwandeni kwezisebenzi ezizisebenzelayo, kulandele ezokwakha, ubuchwepheshe, kanye nezigaba ezithile zezempilo kanye nemfundo yangasese noma exhaswe ngemali. Izisebenzi ezintsha ezizimele zivame ukuthambekela emisebenzini ehlobene kakhulu nendawo yedijithali, ukubonisana, noma izinsizakalo ezikhethekile., singayibeki eceleni imisebenzi yakudala yokuzisebenzela.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imboni yokuthengisa ilahlekelwe yizisebenzi ezizisebenzela kakhulu, kanye Izisebenzi ezizimele zinciphile ngaphezu kuka-13.000 ngonyaka owodwa njeUmkhakha wezokuthutha uphinde wabona ukwehla kwabasebenzi abazisebenzayo abacishe babe ngu-5.000, kuyilapho ezolimo kanye nemisebenzi ethile yokukhiqiza emincane iqhubeka nokuncipha. Lokhu kulungiswa kukhombisa izinguquko ezinkulu emikhubeni yokusebenzisa kanye nesakhiwo sokukhiqiza.
Isazi sezomnotho uClaudio Aros, uprofesa e-OBS Business School, uxhumanisa lokhu kuthuthuka nokukhula kwezomnotho. ushintsho lwesizukulwane kanye nemodeli yebhizinisiUchaza ukuthi abantu abaningi abazalwa ngesikhathi sokuzalwa kwengane kanye namalungu esizukulwane X ababesebenza ezitolo ezincane, ezindaweni zokuphuza utshwala, ezitolo zokulungisa izimoto, noma emapulazini sebethatha umhlalaphansi. Le misebenzi ishintshile futhi, ezimweni eziningi, ithathelwe indawo yizinkampani ezinkulu, ama-franchise, noma amabhizinisi aku-inthanethi.
Ngemva kokuba laba basebenzi abazisebenzelayo abangochwepheshe sebethathe umhlalaphansi, intsha ebhalisa ne-RETA (Special Regime for Self-Employed Workers) ayiqhubeki naleyo mikhakha yebhizinisi; ikhetha ukugxila kubuchwepheshe, ukumaketha kwedijithali noma kwezinye izinsizakalo ezikhethekile. Lokhu kushintsha kwezizukulwane akubuyiseli ukulahlekelwa ochwepheshe bezizukulwane ezedlule., okuhumusha ukuvalwa unomphela kwamabhizinisi amaningi amancane endabuko.
Umthelela wokucindezelwa kwentela, ubuholi kanye nokungabi sesimweni esikahle
Ngaphezu kwezingxenye zabantu kanye nemikhakha, ochwepheshe abaningi bakhomba izici ezifana nalezi: umthwalo wentelaUkwanda kweminikelo yezokuphepha komphakathi kanye nobunzima behhovisi kubhekwa njengezizathu ezivimbela ibhizinisi kanye nokugcinwa kwemisebenzi yokuzisebenzela. Sekuyiminyaka, abantu abazisebenzelayo bekhononda ngokuthi imithwalo yezomnotho kanye neyokuphatha ayibangeli ukuqashelwa kwemisebenzi yokuzisebenzela.
Muva nje, izinhlelo ezahlukene zemali encishisiwe kanye namabhonasi esikhashana ziye zaqaliswa kubasebenzi abasha abazisebenzayo, ngenhloso yokwenza izinyanga zokuqala zomsebenzi zibe lula. Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe abanjengoClaudio Aros bakholelwa ukuthi Lezi zinyathelo azizange zisebenze kahle njengoba bekulindelekile.Njengoba echaza, uma sekudlule unyaka wokuqala noma unyaka nesigamu futhi amabhonasi ephela, abaningi bazithola benemali ephelele kanye nazo zonke izinkinga ezihambisana nokuzisebenzela, okuvimbela ukuqhubeka kwephrojekthi.
Ukuqashwa okuyingozi akugcini nje ngokusebenza komuntu siqu. Ngaphakathi komkhakha kahulumeni ngokwawo, ingxenye enkulu yabasebenzi abasebenzi besikhashana noma besikhashana okuhlobene nokushintshana noma ukugcwaliswa kwesikhashana kwezikhundla, ngokombono, okungezezisebenzi zikahulumeni zomsebenzi. Ngakho-ke, ukuzinza komsebenzi womkhakha kahulumeni nakho kunezingqinamba, yize emehlweni entsha eningi kuhlala kukhanga kakhulu kunokungaqiniseki kokuqala ibhizinisi.
Izinhlangano ezizimele zixwayisa ngokuthi inhlanganisela yentela ephezulu, i-bureaucracy eyengeziwe, kanye nokuncintisana okuvela kumapulatifomu amakhulu kanye nezintambo Kususa ochwepheshe abaningi emakethe. Ikakhulukazi, ukusheshiswa kokwenziwa kwedijithali kanye nokuvela kwezinkampani ezinkulu ze-e-commerce kukhulunywa ngezinto ezishintshe kakhulu imithetho yomdlalo yamabhizinisi amancane kanye nemisebenzi eminingi yendabuko.
Okwamanje, i- ama-salarios Ingxenye enkulu yabasebenzi bemboni ezimele isondela kakhulu ezingeni lomholo eliphansi, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwezibalo ezifana nezinkontileka zesikhathi esinqunyiwe kuye kwasiza, ngokusho kwabahlaziyi abaningi, ukufihla kancane izibalo zangempela zokungasebenziKonke lokhu kuveza isithombe semakethe yezabasebenzi lapho ukungavikeleki kwemisebenzi kuhlala kuphezulu khona ezicini eziningana, yize isihloko esibonakalayo singesomsebenzi oqopha umlando.
Imakethe yezabasebenzi incike kakhulu emkhakheni womphakathi
Ingqikithi yalezi zinto iveza imodeli lapho Imisebenzi yomphakathi kanye nezinkampani ezinkulu yikho okudala imisebenzi eminingiOkwamanje, amabhizinisi amancane nabaqashi abazisebenzelayo bayalahlekelwa. Ngokusho kwedatha, u-2024 ube unyaka omuhle kakhulu wokuqashwa ngokwezibalo, lapho abantu abangaba ngu-468.000 bethola imisebenzi emisha, kodwa ingxenye enkulu yalezo zinkontileka yayingeyesikhashana futhi ihlotshaniswa namaholo aphansi.
Izazi zezomnotho ezifana noClaudio Aros zixwayisa ngokuthi Ukwanda kokubusa kwezisebenzi zikahulumeni kanye nomkhakha kahulumeni kungagcina kuklinya umnotho waseSpain.Ngokombono wakhe, lokhu kubandlulula ngokuqashwa komphakathi kuhumusha ukuguquguquka okuncane emakethe yezabasebenzi, ubunzima ekukhuthazeni ukusungula izinto ezintsha, kanye nokwanda kwezinkinga zesakhiwo esezinesikhathi eside, njengokungasebenzi okuphezulu kwentsha noma umkhiqizo ophansi.
Ukwanda kwemisebenzi yomphakathi kukhuthazwe yizimo ezilandelanayo ukuvuleka kwemisebenzi eminingi Eminyakeni yamuva nje, intsha eningi isibone iyunivesithi njengendlela yokuvikela ikusasa layo. U-Aros ugxeka iqiniso lokuthi ingxenye enkulu yabafundi baseyunivesithi baphishekela cishe noma yiliphi ibanga benomgomo wokuba yizisebenzi zikahulumeni, esikhundleni sokugxila ekwakheni amabhizinisi noma amaphrojekthi abo.
Uma lesi simo sihlanganiswa nokwehla kwamaphesenti abasebenzi abazisebenzayo unyaka nonyaka uma kuqhathaniswa nenani labasebenzi lilonke, umphumela uba umkhakha wokukhiqiza ongasheshi kakhulu futhi ongenazo izingozi eziningi. Ochwepheshe bagcizelela ukuthi umnotho othembele kakhulu emkhakheni womphakathi kanye nezinkampani ezinkulu, onabantu abambalwa abazimele abasungula izinto ezintshaIlahlekelwa ikhono lokusabela ezinguqukweni zobuchwepheshe noma ezinkingeni ezintsha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isakhiwo samanje sesikhuthazo ngokwaso singase sinciphise izinga. Kwabaningi abasha, ukulingana phakathi kobunzima bokuqala ibhizinisi, izindleko zokuzisebenzela, kanye nokuphepha kwemisebenzi yomphakathi ngokusobala kusiza ukulungiselela izivivinyo zokuncintisana zenkonzo yomphakathi. Lokhu kuqinisa umjikelezo omubi lapho Amathalente amaningi aphendukela emisebenzini yomphakathi ezinzile esikhundleni salokho, bhekisa kumaphrojekthi ebhizinisi noma ochwepheshe anamandla okukhula.
Izingozi zomnotho enkingeni elandelayo kanye nokuntuleka kokusungula izinto ezintsha
Ubuthakathaka balo modeli bubonakala kakhulu uma kucatshangelwa ukwehla komnotho okulandelayo. U-Aros ukhumbula ukuthi enkingeni ka-2008, kwakukhona ukwehla okukhulu kwenani labasebenzi abazisebenzelayoLokhu kunomthelela olandelanayo emalini engenayo yentela. Esimweni sokuncipha komnotho, imisebenzi yangasese iyama, amabhizinisi amaningi ayavalwa, kanti abasebenzi abazisebenzelayo bayayeka ukukhokha intela kanye neminikelo yezokuphepha komphakathi.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuqashwa komkhakha kahulumeni kuvame ukuhlala kuzinzile futhi kwandise ngisho nokusetshenziswa kwemali, kokubili ngokugcina amazinga abasebenzi kanye nokwenyuka... impesheni kanye nezinzuzo zokungasebenziLokhu kudala ukucindezeleka okukhulu ezimalini zomphakathi: imali engenayo encane ngenxa yokwehla komkhiqizo wemboni ezimele kanye nokwanda kokusetshenziswa kwemali ekuvikelweni komphakathi. Uma isisindo esilinganiselwe samabhizinisi azisebenzayo kanye namabhizinisi amancane siqhubeka nokwehla, lokhu kucindezeleka kungaba kukhulu nakakhulu ezinkingeni zesikhathi esizayo.
Esinye isisulu esikhulu salesi simo yi- emishaOchwepheshe baveza ukuthi imibono eminingi ephazamisayo, izinkampani zobuchwepheshe obusha, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokukhiqiza ngokuvamile kuvela kosomabhizinisi kanye namaphrojekthi azimele, ngokuvamile aqhutshwa ngabantu abazimele ekuqaleni. Uma intsha ifuna kakhulu izikhundla ezihlala njalo emkhakheni womphakathi, indawo yokuzalela izinto ezintsha iba buthaka.
Njengoba izinga lokungasebenzi kwentsha licishe libe ngu-22,5% kanye nokungakwazi ukusebenza kahle, imakethe yezabasebenzi yaseSpain ibilokhu ibhekene nezinkinga eziningi zesakhiwo ezivimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinye izinkinga. ukuguga kwabantu abazisebenzayoKulinganiselwa ukuthi kunezisebenzi ezizimele ezingaba ngu-190.000 ezingaphezu kweminyaka engu-64, okulindeleke ukuthi kube "nofuduko olukhulu" ngaphandle kokufakwa esikhundleni okucacile kwezizukulwane.
Izinhlelo zokusekela ukwenziwa kwedijithali njenge-Digital Kit, ezenzelwe ukusiza ama-SME kanye nabantu abazisebenzayo ukuthi bazivumelanise nesimo sezobuchwepheshe, nazo zehlulekile ukuletha inguquko elindelwe. Ngokusho kuka-Aros, Izinqubomgomo zamanje ezisekela ukuzisebenzela aziphumeleli. futhi abaphumeleli ekudonseleni intsha kakhulu kulezi zinhlobo zamaphrojekthi ebhizinisi, okwandisa ingozi yokuma kwesikhathi eside nesikhathi esimaphakathi.
Kulesi simo, impikiswano ngokuthi yiziphi izinguquko zesakhiwo okufanele zenziwe iya ngokuya iba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu: ukwenza lula ukuphatha, ukubuyekezwa kwezimali kanye neminikelo, izikhuthazo ezizinzile zokuqasha abaqashi abazisebenzelayo, noma ukuqondiswa okucacile kwemfundo maqondana namakhono okuhweba nawokusebenza kwedijithali, kanye nezinyathelo zokwenza lokhu. dala inkampani. Ngaphandle kwezinguquko ezibalulekile, ukwehla kwesisindo okuhlobene nokuzisebenzela kungaba yinto engapheli. futhi imiphumela yokukhula kanye nokusimama kwezimali zomphakathi ingaba nkulu kakhulu.
Isithombe esidwetshwe yizibalo kanye nochwepheshe singenye yemakethe yezabasebenzi engalingani kahle, lapho umkhakha kahulumeni uthatha khona isabelo esikhulayo somsebenzi kuyilapho ukuzisebenzela kanye namabhizinisi amancane ehlehliswa. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezisebenzi zikahulumeni ezidumile, ukwehla kwenani labaqashi abazisebenzelayo, ukuguga kwabasebenzi kanye nokuntuleka kwentsha ezothatha indawo yabanye. Ikhomba imodeli engaba nobunzima obukhulu ekulondolozeni ijubane lokusungula izinto ezintsha, ukukhiqiza kanye nokuqoqwa kwemali engenayo okudingeka iSpain ukuze ixhase umbuso wayo wenhlalakahle esikhathini eside.
