Kulesi siqondisi sizokwenza Ukuqhathaniswa okuphelele komholo omncane phakathi kwamazweUsebenzisa idatha kanye nokuhlukaniswa okuvela ku-Eurostat nezinye izinhlangano, kanye nokuhlola izibonelo ezithile ezivela eYurophu, eLatin America, e-Afrika, nase-Asia, uzobona ukuthi kukhokhiswa malini, ukuthi kubalwa kanjani esimweni ngasinye, nokuthi kungani ukubheka nje inani ngama-euro noma amadola kungaholela eziphethweni ezidukisayo.
Iyini ngempela iholo eliphansi elikhokhelwa abasebenzi abangochwepheshe?
El umholo omncane phakathi kochwepheshe (i-SMI) Yiholo elincane kakhulu okufanele isisebenzi silithole ngosuku lokusebenza olusemthethweni ezweni, kungakhathaliseki uhlobo lwenkontileka (ehlala njalo, yesikhashana, yesikhathi esigcwele, yesikhashana, njll.). Kalula nje, yiholo elincane kakhulu lapho inkokhelo esemthethweni ingavunyelwe khona.
Empeleni, i-SMI isetshenziswa njenge- ithuluzi lokuvikela amandla okuthenga Isetshenziswa njengesilinganiso sabasebenzi abahola kancane futhi njengendawo yokubhekisela emithethweni eminingi yezabasebenzi, izinzuzo, kanye nezivumelwano. Kanye nomholo ojwayelekile, imali engenayo yomuntu ngamunye, kanye ne-Human Development Index (HDI), iyinkomba ewusizo kakhulu yokulinganisa izinga lokuphila lezwe.
Idatha yomholo omncane evame ukunikezwa yizinhlangano ezifana ne-Eurostat noma amapulatifomu edatha yezomnotho ivame ukuvezwa ku- inani lenyanga elingaphezu kwezinkokhelo eziyi-12Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuqhathanisa phakathi kwamazwe, yize kwamanye, njengeSpain, iGrisi, noma iPortugal, kuvamile ukukhokhelwa nge-[imali/imali]. 14 ukhokhe minyaka yonke.
Kufanele ugcine engqondweni ukuthi Izwe ngalinye linendlela yalo yokubalaAbanye babeka umholo omncane ngehora, abanye ngosuku, ngesonto, noma ngenyanga. Futhi kusekhona amazwe angamisi nhlobo umholo omncane osemthethweni kazwelonke, kodwa kunalokho ashiyela lowo msebenzi kubaqashi. izivumelwano ezihlangene noma ezingxoxweni zemikhakha.
Iholo eliphansi libuyekezwa kanjani futhi yiziphi izinto ezilithintayo?
Ukubuyekezwa komholo omncane kuvame ukuphendula, ngokombono, esidingweni sokuthi ukunciphisa ukwenyuka kwentengo okubangelwa ukwehla kwamandla emali. Uma izindleko zokudla zikhuphuka kodwa umholo omncane uhlala umile, amandla okuthenga angempela alabo abahola lowo mholo ayancipha.
Ohulumeni abaningi bacabangela izici eziningana lapho bebuyekeza umholo omncane: ukuvela kwe-CPI, umkhiqizo ojwayelekile kazwelonke, isabelo semali engenayo yabasebenzi emholweni kazwelonke, isimo sezomnotho jikelele, kanye, ezimweni eziningi, izibopho zezepolitiki noma izivumelwano nezinyunyana nabaqashi.
EYurophu, le mpikiswano iye yaqina ngemva kweziqephu ezifana ne- inkinga yezezimali, ubhubhane lwe-COVID-19 kanye nempi e-Ukraineokwaholela ekuwohlokeni komnotho, ukwehla kwamandla emali okuphezulu kakhulu kanye nokulahlekelwa okukhulu kwamandla okuthenga kulabo asebevele beqale ngamaholo aphansi.
Kulowo mongo, i-European Union iqinise ukuzibophezela kwayo ku- iholo eliphansi elaneleLokhu kubonakala kuSimiso 6 seNsika YaseYurophu Yamalungelo Omphakathi kanye nokuqapha okwenziwa yi-Eurostat ngemibiko eningiliziwe yonyaka.
Ngokomlando, umholo omncane njengomqondo osemthethweni waqala ngekhulu le-19, Australia naseNew Zealand njengabaqalisi. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, impikiswano ngokuthi kufanele kube yinani elincane kangakanani, ukuthi libekwe kanjani, nokuthi ubani okufanele avikelwe iye yaqhubeka nokukhula.
Umholo omncane e-European Union: amazwe aneholo eliphansi nangenalo
Ku-European Union, kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokubeka amaholo aphansi: amazwe ane- umholo omncane osemthethweni kazwelonke kanye nalabo lapho ubuncane obusebenzayo bunqunywa ngokuxoxisana ngokubambisana phakathi kwezinyunyana nabaqashi, ngaphandle komuntu oyedwa emthethweni.
Phakathi kwamazwe akhona Abanawo umholo omncane osemthethweni. I-Italy, iDenmark, i-Austria, iFinland, neSweden ziphakathi kwamazwe e-EU anemiholo ephansi, kanti iSwitzerland, iNorway, ne-Iceland zingaphandle kwe-EU. Kulezi zimo, imiholo ephansi ibekwa ngokwesivumelwano somkhakha noma esihlangene futhi empeleni, ingaba phezulu impela, kodwa akukho mali eyodwa kazwelonke efunwa ngumthetho.
Kumazwe angamalungu angu-27, angu-22 anayo umholo omncane kazwelonke obekwe ngumthethoI-Eurostat ihlela la mazwe ngokwenani lanyanga zonke, elivezwa ngama-euro futhi lilungiswe libe yizinkokhelo ezingu-12, ukuze kube lula ukuwaqhathanisa.
Izinga lemali encane ekhokhelwayo eYurophu: kusukela eLuxembourg kuya eBulgaria
Uma sibheka idatha ye-Eurostat, ububanzi bemali encane yenyanga e-EU buqala kusukela ekuqaleni nje Ama-euro angu-600 eBulgaria kuze kube ngaphezu Ama-euro angu-2.700 eLuxembourgIgebe likhulu kakhulu, yize sizobona kamuva ukuthi izindleko zokuphila zinciphisa eminye yaleyo mehluko.
I-Eurostat ivame ukuhlanganisa amazwe abe ngamabhulokhi amakhulu amathathu ngokwenani lomholo omncane wanyanga zonke (ovezwa ezinkokhelweni ezingu-12) futhi, muva nje, iphinde iwa-ode futhi ngokwezinga elijwayelekile lamandla okuthenga (i-PPS noma i-EPA), elilungisa umehluko wamanani phakathi kwamazwe.
Amazwe aneholo eliphansi elingaphezu kwama-euro ayi-1.500
Phezulu kwetafula sithola umnotho one- umholo omncane ophansi ojwayelekileUhlu lwemiholo ephansi yaseYurophu engaba ama-euro angu-2.000 noma ngaphezulu luholwa yilokhu okulandelayo:
- Luxembourg: Ama-euro angu-2.704 ngenyanga.
- Ireland: Ama-euro angu-2.391 ngenyanga.
- Alemania: Ama-euro angu-2.343 ngenyanga.
- I-Netherlands: Ama-euro angu-2.295 ngenyanga.
- Belgium: Ama-euro angu-2.112 ngenyanga.
- EFrance: Ama-euro angu-1.823 ngenyanga.
Kuleli qembu, Kusobala ukuthi iLuxembourg ihamba phambili.hhayi nje kuphela ngezibalo ezingavuthiwe kodwa futhi uma zilungiswa ngenxa izinga lentengoNokho, iJalimane yizwe, ngokusho kwe-Eurostat, elinamandla okuthenga asebenza kahle kakhulu kunawo wonke omholo walo omncane uma libalwa ezindinganisweni zamandla okuthenga (i-PPS).
Amazwe aneholo eliphansi eliphakathi kwama-euro ayi-1.000 nama-euro ayi-1.500
Iqembu eliphakathi nendawo, elihlanganisa iminotho eminingi yaseYurophu enezinga eliphezulu lentuthuko kodwa izindleko zokuphila ziphansi kancane, linemiholo ephansi phakathi Ama-euro angama-1.000 nama-1.500 ngenyangaOkulandelayo kuvelele:
- España: ama-euro angu-1.424,5 ngenyanga ngezinkokhelo ezingu-12 ngezinjongo zokuqhathanisa, ethatha isikhundla sesikhombisa e-EU.
- I-Slovenia: Ama-1.278 euros.
- Lituania: Ama-1.153 euros.
- Poland: Ama-1.139 euros.
- ECyprus: Ama-1.088 euros.
- Portugal: Ama-1.073 euros.
- I-Croacia: Ama-1.050 euros.
- Greece: Ama-1.027 euros.
Esimweni esithile EspañaUmholo omncane ukhuphuke ngo-3,1% ukuze ufinyelele Isamba esingu-1.221 euro ngenyanga ezinkokhelweni ezingu-14okulingana nama-euro angu-17.094 ngonyaka. Ukuze kulinganiswe ukuqhathanisa, i-Eurostat iguqula lezo zinkokhelo ezingu-14 zibe yi-12, okuholela kuma-euro angu-1.424,5 abeka izwe ngemuva kweFrance nangaphambi kweSlovenia.
Kuleli qembu, España Kube nezingxoxo mayelana nentela kanye nezinzuzo ezihlobene nomholo omncane. Empeleni, labo abahola umholo omncane kakhulu yibo okhululiwe enteleni yengenisoNakuba izimali ezibanjwayo zisetshenziswa ekukhokheni iholo, lezi zimali zibuyiselwa emuva ekubuyiselweni kwentela yengeniso, okushiya iminikelo ye-Social Security kuphela njengesaphulelo esisebenzayo.
Amazwe aneholo eliphansi elingaphansi kwama-euro ayi-1.000
Ingxenye engezansi ihlanganisa amazwe Umholo omncane wenyanga ungaphansi kwama-euro ayi-1.000Izomnotho zabo ngokuvamile zinezindleko zokuphila eziphansi, kodwa umehluko omncane uma uqhathaniswa nowezinga eliphezulu usabalulekile kakhulu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- Malta: Ama-994 euros.
- I-Czech Republic: Ama-924 euros.
- ISlovakia: Ama-915 euros.
- Estonia: Ama-886 euros.
- Hungary: Ama-838 euros.
- ERomania: Ama-795 euros.
- I-Latvia: Ama-780 euros.
- Bulgaria: Ama-620 euros.
Bulgaria Ivala izinga laseYurophu ngokwesilinganiso esincane, ngomholo omncane wanyanga zonke ongaphezu kwama-euro angu-600. Noma kunjalo, akufanele kukhohlwe ukuthi amanani asekhaya—intela, ukudla, izinsizakalo—nawo aphansi kakhulu kunasezingxenyeni ezicebile ze-eurozone.
ISpain kumongo waseYurophu: isikhundla, ukubalwa kanye nezici ezithile
Eminyakeni yamuva, i Umholo omncane waseSpain Kuye kwathola ukunakwa okukhulu kwezepolitiki nabezindaba. Ukwenyuka kwemali engenayo engu-€1.221 ngenyanga, okukhokhwa ngezitolimende ezingu-14, kwavunyelwana ngakho phakathi kukahulumeni nezinyunyana ezinkulu zabasebenzi, ngaphandle kokusekelwa ngabaqashi ngesikhathi kusayinwa.
Ukwenyuka okungu-3,1% kubonisa ukwenyuka kwe- Ama-euro angu-37 ngenyanga uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule futhi kuhlanganisa umholo omncane ngaphezu kuka-60% womholo ojwayelekile, okuyisithenjwa esivame ukusetshenziswa njengenhloso yenqubomgomo yeholo e-EU.
Lo mholo omncane omusha usetshenziswa ku- kusukela ngoJanuwari ngemva kokushicilelwa kwayo kwi-BOE, futhi iqinisekisa ukuthi akekho umuntu osebenza amahora angu-40 ngesonto ongakhokhelwa ngokusemthethweni ngaphansi kwaleyo mali, noma ngabe isivumelwano esihlangene somkhakha noma isigaba sabo sibeka umholo ophansi.
Empeleni, labo abahola umholo omncane kakhulu yibo okhululiwe enteleni yengenisoNakuba izimali ezibanjwayo zisetshenziswa ekukhokheni iholo, lezi zimali zibuyiselwa emuva ekubuyiselweni kwentela yengeniso, okushiya iminikelo ye-Social Security kuphela njengesaphulelo esisebenzayo.
Inqunywa kanjani iholo eliphansi eSpain?
Umholo omncane waseSpain kuvunyelwe minyaka yonke nguHulumeniLokhu kwenziwa ngemuva kokubonisana nezinyunyana zabasebenzi ezimele kakhulu kanye nezinhlangano zamabhizinisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iqembu lochwepheshe—izazi zemfundo ephakeme, abameleli bezinyunyana zabasebenzi kanye neminyango eyahlukene—lilungiselela umbiko onezincomo zokwenyuka kwamanani.
Izinto eziguquguqukayo ezifana nalezi ezilandelayo ziyasetshenziswa kuleso sibalo: ukuvela kwe-CPI, umkhiqizo ojwayelekile kazwelonke, ukwabiwa kwemali engenayo, isimo sezomnotho esijwayelekile noma izibopho ezenziwe kwi-European Union mayelana namaholo afanele.
I-SMI yenzelwe i- isonto eliphelele lokusebenza lamahora angu-40Uma kwenzeka izinkontileka zesikhashana, umholo omncane usetshenziswa ngokulinganayo namahora asetshenziswayo. Kukhona nemithetho ethile yabasebenzi besikhashana, besizini, noma basekhaya.
Isibonelo, i- umsebenzi wasekhaya ngehora Kubekwe umholo omncane wehora (ama-euro angu-9,55 ngehora elisebenzayo ngemuva kokukhushulwa kokugcina), okuhlanganisa kakade ingxenye elinganayo yezinkokhelo ezengeziwe namaholide.
Umehluko uma uqhathaniswa namanye amazwe aseYurophu
Esinye sezici eziphawulekayo zaseSpain ukuthi iholo livame ukuvezwa ku- 14 ukhokhe (Izinkokhelo ezivamile ezingu-12 zanyanga zonke kanye nezinkokhelo ezimbili ezengeziwe). Okufanayo kusebenza emazweni afana neGrisi noma iPortugal, kuyilapho kubalingani abaningi baseYurophu kuvamile ukukhuluma ngezinkokhelo ezingu-12.
En EFranceIsibonelo, umholo omncane (SMIC) usethwa ngehora: ama-euro angu-12,02/ihora ngo-2026. Ngosuku olujwayelekile lokusebenza lwamahora angu-35 ngesonto, lokhu kusho ukuthi cishe ama-euro angu-1.823,02 ngenyanga.
I-United Kingdom isebenzisa uhlelo oluhlukile. Umholo omncane waseBrithani Ichazwa ngokweminyaka kanye nohlobo lwesisebenzi (abafundi, abangaphansi kweminyaka eyi-18, intsha eneminyaka eyi-18 kuya kwengama-20, abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-21, njll.). Kokugcina, kusukela ngo-Ephreli 2026 ibekwe ku-£12,71 ngehora, okulingana cishe no-€14,7, yize usuku lokusebenza kanye nezindleko zokuphila zihlukile.
En los I-Netherlands Kukhona futhi amazinga omholo ahlukene ngokusekelwe eminyakeni yobudala, futhi umholo omncane ubuyekezwa kabili ngonyaka ngokusekelwe ekukhuleni okulindelekile kwemiholo okuvunyelwene ngayo ezivumelwaneni ezihlangene.
Uma siwela i-Atlantic, United States Kukhona umholo omncane kahulumeni ongu-$7,25 ngehora, omisiwe kusukela ngo-2009, kodwa izifundazwe eziningi namadolobha abeka ubuncane obuphezulu. Uma kwenzeka kuba nokungqubuzana phakathi kwalaba ababili, umqashi kudingeka akhokhe umholo omncane ophezulu.
Amazwe aneholo eliphansi kakhulu emhlabeni
Ngaphandle kweYurophu, ukusabalala kweholo elincane Kuphakeme nakakhulu. Amanye amazwe anomholo osemthethweni ophansi wamadola ambalwa nje ngenyanga, kanti amanye anamazinga afana nawamanye amazwe angamalungu e-EU. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi izindleko zokuphila ziyahlukahluka kakhulu.
Phakathi kwamazwe aneholo eliphansi lenyanga elingaphansi kwama-$500, idatha yakamuva ivame ukukhombisa umnotho we- ILatin America, i-Afrika kanye ne-AsiaEzinye izibonelo ezibonisa lokhu:
I-Latin America: I-Venezuela, i-Argentina, iNicaragua, iBrazil, iColombia nezinye
En VenezuelaUmholo osemthethweni ophansi kakhulu sekuyisikhathi eside uvalwe kuma-boliva angu-130 ngenyanga, okulingana no-$0,37 kuphela, phakathi kokukhuphuka kwamanani aphezulu kanye nokwehla okukhulu kwamandla okuthenga. Nakuba izimali zimenyezelwe ukuthuthukisa imali engenayo yabasebenzi, ukusetshenziswa kwazo okusebenzayo kusalokhu kungaqinisekile.
Argentina Umholo omncane ucishe ube yi-€198 ($233) ngemuva kokwenyuka cishe ngo-1,85% kunonyaka odlule. Kodwa-ke, ukukhuphuka kwamanani aphezulu kuqeda ngokushesha noma yikuphi ukwenyuka okuncane, futhi impikiswano mayelana nokwanela komholo omncane iyaqhubeka.
En NicaraguaUmholo omncane uyahlukahluka kuye ngomkhakha, kodwa izinguquko zakamuva ziholele enanini elimaphakathi elingaba ngu-$241 ngenyanga (cishe €205), kulandela ukwenyuka okungu-4% okubekwe nguhulumeni.
En BrasilUmholo omncane ka-2026 ucishe ube yi-€250 ($295), okumele ukwenyuka cishe ngo-6,79%. Nakuba lokhu kuphakeme ngokwezifunda, ukungalingani okukhulu kwemali engenayo kuyaqhubeka phakathi kwezifunda kanye nemikhakha.
En ColombiaUkubuyekezwa kwakamuva komholo ophansi kuhilela ukwenyuka kwama-23,8%, okwenza kube cishe ama-euro angu-379 noma amadola angu-446 ngenyanga, okuyisibalo esikubeka ngaphezu kwamazwe amaningana angomakhelwane ngokwezinga eliphansi.
Emazweni afana Guatemala o El SalvadorUmholo omncane uyahlukahluka kuye ngomkhakha noma uhlobo lomsebenzi, kusukela kuma-euro angaphezu kwama-230 kuya kuma-euro angaba ngu-400 ngenyanga, kanye nezilinganiso zamadola ezivame ukuba phakathi kwamadola angama-272 nangaphezu kwamadola angama-400.
I-Afrika ne-Asia: kusukela eTanzania naseKyrgyzstan kuya eBangladesh nase-Uzbekistan
E-Afrika, amanye amazwe abonisa iholo eliphansi kakhuluIsibonelo, eTanzania, umholo omncane ukhuphuke usuka kuma-euro ayi-19 ngenyanga waya kuma-euro angama-26 (cishe amadola angama-31), kanye nokwehluka kuye ngemboni.
I-Central African Republic igcina umholo omncane ocishe ube yi- Ama-euro angu-53 ngenyanga (cishe u-$62). EGuinea-Bissau, inani eliphansi licishe libe ngu-59.000 CFA francs, okulingana cishe no-€89 noma u-$105, ngaphandle kwamarekhodi akamuva okwenyuka okukhulu okulinganiselwe.
E-Asia Ephakathi, I-Kyrgyzstan Ibeka umholo omncane ongama-euro angu-31 (amadola angu-37) ngenyanga, kanti Uzbekistan Inyuse inani layo eliphansi laya ku-1.271.000 UZS, okulingana nama-euro angaba ngu-89 (amadola ayi-104), yafinyelela inani eliphakeme kakhulu ngemali yayo yasendaweni.
ENingizimu Asia, Bangladesh Igcina umholo omncane ocishe ube ama-euro angu-86 (amadola ayi-101), ngaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu yomphakathi yokuwukhuphula ube amazinga acishe abe amadola ayi-188, ikakhulukazi emikhakheni efana nezendwangu.
I-Pakistan Ibhalisa umholo omncane olinganiselwa kuma-euro ayi-112 (amadola ayi-132), kanye nokulungiswa okungenzeka kuye ngemboni kanye nolwazi, kodwa ngesilinganiso sikazwelonke esingakashintshi kakhulu muva nje.
Amanye amacala aphawulekayo: i-Ukraine, iRussia, iNingizimu Afrika, iMorocco, i-Indonesia nokuningi.
En UkraineUmholo omncane kusukela ngoJanuwari 2026 ubekwe cishe kuma-euro angu-170 ngenyanga (amadola angu-201), esimweni sezomnotho esiphawulwe yimpi kanye nesidingo sokulondoloza okungenani amandla okuthenga angaphakathi.
Rusia Ibeka umholo wayo omncane wamanje cishe kuma-euro angu-298 (amadola angu-351) ngenyanga, izibalo okumele zifundwe kanye neqiniso lezindleko zokuphila kanye nokusabalala kwamaholo phakathi kwezifunda.
Endabeni ENingizimu AfrikaUmholo omncane ka-2026 ucishe ube ngama-euro angu-260 (amadola angu-306), kuyilapho amazwe afana Peru Intengo yazo icishe ibe ngama-euro angu-285 (amadola angu-335), kanti kunezimpikiswano eziphindaphindayo mayelana nokubuyekezwa kwazo.
Morocco Kuveza umehluko ophawulekayo: umholo omncane ubekwe cishe ku-$372 emkhakheni ozimele kanye no-$490 emkhakheni womphakathi, okulingana cishe nama-euro angu-316 kanye nama-euro angu-416 ngokulandelana.
En IndonesiaUmholo omncane uyahlukahluka ngokwesifundazwe. IJakarta, inhloko-dolobha, inenye yezilinganiso eziphakeme kakhulu, cishe i-€289 (US$340), kanti izifunda ezifana ne-East Nusa Tenggara zinezilinganiso ezincane eziseduze ne-€123 (US$145). E-Bali, inani licishe libe yi-€162 (US$190).
Amazwe athanda I-Malasia Bagcina umholo omncane ocishe ube ama-euro angu-357 (amadola angu-420), ngaphandle kokushintshashintsha okukhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule, kuyilapho iminotho efana ne- Kazakhstan Babeka ubuncane obungu-85.000 KZT ngenyanga, okulingana nama-euro angu-142 (amadola angu-167).
Okuqanjiwe vs okwangempela: indima yamandla okuthenga
Ukuqhathanisa iholo elincane ngama-euro noma amadola kuphela kuyindlela okusheshayo kodwa okungaphelele neze ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwamazwe. Akubizi kakhulu ukugcwalisa ifriji eFrance njengaseSpain, noma ukuqasha ifulethi eLuxembourg njengaseCzech Republic, ukunikeza izibonelo ezimbili ezicacile.
Ukuze kulungiswe lokhu kuhlanekezelwa, i-Eurostat isebenzisa izinga lamandla okuthenga (i-PPS noma i-EPA)Iyunithi yemali yokwenziwa esusa, ngangokunokwenzeka, umehluko wamanani phakathi kwamazwe. Lokhu kuvumela ukuqhathanisa okunobulungiswa kokuthi umholo omncane ufinyelela kude kangakanani endaweni ngayinye.
Uma iholo eliphansi livezwa ngokwe-PPS, ukungalingani phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu e-EU zincishiswe kakhuluNokho, azinyamalali. IJalimane manje ihamba phambili ekubekweni kwamanani ngamandla okuthenga, ilandelwa yiLuxembourg, iNetherlands, iBelgium, i-Ireland, iFrance, iPoland, neSpain.
I-Eurostat iphinde ihlanganise amazwe ngokwalesi sibonakaliso:
- Ama-PPS angaphezu kuka-1.250ILuxembourg, iJalimane, iNetherlands, iBelgium, iFrance, i-Ireland, iPoland, iSpain kanye neSlovenia.
- Phakathi kwama-PPS ayi-1.000 kanye nama-1.250IRomania, iLithuania, iGrisi, iCroatia, iCyprus, iPortugal kanye neMalta.
- Ngaphansi kwe-PPS eyi-1.000IHungary, iCzech Republic, iSlovakia, i-Estonia, iLatvia kanye neBulgaria.
Naphezu kwalokhu kulungiswa, IBulgaria isalokhu iphansi kakhulu kwe-spectrum, cishe i-PPS engu-799, kanti iLuxembourg isalokhu iphezulu nge-PPS ecishe ibe ngu-1.912. Igebe liyancipha, kodwa lisalokhu libalulekile.
Ukukhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi: ukuvela kanye namazinga okukhula
Enye indlela ethakazelisayo yokuhlaziya amaholo amancane ukubheka zikhuphuke kangakanani eminyakeni yamuva njeUma sibheka izinga lokukhula elimaphakathi lonyaka lomholo omncane phakathi kuka-2016 no-2026, amazwe aseMpumalanga Yurophu avelele njengazame ukuvala igebe ngesilinganiso se-EU.
Phakathi naleso sikhathi, IRomania, iLithuania, iBulgaria kanye nePoland Zibonisa ezinye zezinga lokukhula eliphakeme kakhulu, cishe ngo-10-13% ngonyaka. Nakuba zaqala emazingeni aphansi kakhulu, lokhu kuqhubeka kubonisa umzamo omkhulu wokukhulisa umholo omncane.
Emazweni aseNtshonalanga Yurophu anemali ephansi kakade, ukwenyuka kube, ngokwesilinganiso, okuphakathi, kodwa ngokwesilinganiso kusamelela ukwenyuka okukhulu unyaka nonyaka.
Uma yonke le datha ibhekiselwa kuyo yonke indawo—inani elincane, amandla okuthenga, izinga lokukhula, kanye nokuba khona noma ukungabikho komholo ophansi osemthethweni—kuyacaca ukuthi kungani ukuqhathanisa umholo omncane phakathi kwamazwe Kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunokubuka nje itafula elinezithombe ezihlukanisiwe.
Sekukonke, imephu yomhlaba wonke yamaholo aphansi ikhombisa amaqiniso ezisebenzi ahlukene kakhulu, kodwa futhi nephethini evamile: isidingo sokushintsha njalo umholo ophansi uye ezindleleni zokuphila nokuwugcwalisa ngezinye izindlela zokulinganisa (umholo ojwayelekile, imali engenayo yomuntu ngamunye, i-HDI, umkhiqizo) ukuze uthole umbono ongokoqobo wokuthi labo abasebenzela lowo mholo baphila kanjani ezweni ngalinye.
