Ukunakekela imvelo yethu sekuyinto eza kuqala futhi, ngokusobala, kuyinselele enkulu uma kubhekwa umonakalo obangelwe yizinto eziphilayo zomhlaba. Okwengeziwe kulokhu iqiniso lokuthi amafutha emvelo ayaphela, okusiphoqa ukuthi sibheke... amandla ahlanzekile njengengxenye ebalulekile yokwenza ushintsho lwamandla lube ngokoqobo hhayi nje isithembiso.
ESpain, izinto zihamba kahle kakhulu; sesivele sisebenzisa ugesi wethu ongaphezu kuka-50% ovela emithonjeni evuselelekayo. Ukushintshela kumodeli eluhlaza akuyona nje indaba yokuziphatha kwemvelo, kodwa futhi isu elihlakaniphile ukuvikela umnotho wethu ekuguqukeni kwentengo kaphethiloli noma kawoyela emhlabeni jikelele.
Sisho ukuthini ngempela ngamandla ahlanzekile?
Uma sikhuluma ngamandla ahlanzekile, sibhekisela emandleni angakhiphi imfucuza engcolisayo noma ekhiphayo amagesi abamba ukushisa ngesikhathi sesizukulwane sabo. Umgomo wabo ucacile: ukunciphisa umthelela wabantu emhlabeni ukuze kuncishiswe ukufudumala komhlaba futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izizukulwane ezizayo zinendawo yokuhlala.
Qaphela ukuthi kunomehluko obalulekile lapha ovame ukubangela ukudideka: akufani Amandla ahlanzekile uma kuqhathaniswa namandla avuselelekayo. Nakuba amandla ahlanzekile egxile ekungabikho kokungcola (njengamandla enuzi, angakhiphi i-CO2 kodwa angavuseleleki), amandla avuselelekayo yilawo avuselela ngokwemvelo, yize ngezinye izikhathi angadala imfucuza ethile enkambisweni yawo (njengoba kwenzeka kwezinye izimo nge-biomass).
Ngokuyisisekelo, le mithombo iyindawo ekahle yokufaka esikhundleni samalahle noma igesi yemvelo, njengoba ingashintshi ibhalansi yemvelo zomhlaba futhi abanciki ezinsizeni ezilinganiselwe. Bayithuluzi elinamandla kakhulu esinalo lokuhlangabezana nemigomo yokungathathi hlangothi kwesimo sezulu ebekwe yiYurophu phakathi nekhulu leminyaka.
Ikhathalogi yemithombo yamandla ahlanzekile: Yimiphi ekhona?
Uhlu lwezinketho lukhulu futhi luvumela ukuzivumelanisa nanoma iyiphi indawo kuye ngezinsiza ezitholakalayo. Ngezansi, sichaza ezifanele kakhulu:
Amandla eLanga nomoya
Amandla elanga ngokungangabazeki ayinkanyezi yokuzisebenzisa. Ngokusebenzisa imisebe kagesiSingakhiqiza ugesi ngamaphaneli e-photovoltaic noma sikhiqize ukushisa ngamaqoqo okushisa. Ngenxa yokukhanya kwelanga kwethu okuningi, lena inketho engabizi kakhulu emindenini yaseSpain, okuvumela ukufakwa ukuthi kuzikhokhele eminyakeni embalwa nje.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amandla omoya asebenzisa amandla omoya. Lokhu kufezwa ngama-wind turbine, kungaba emhlabeni noma emapulazini omoya asogwini (aziwa ngokuthi offshore), ukuhamba komoya kuguqulwa kube ugesi. Kuwubuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe kakhulu futhi iSpain ingumholi waseYurophu kulo mkhakha.
Amandla amanzi kanye nengaphakathi loMhlaba
Amandla kagesi asebenza ngamanzi angomunye wemithombo yamandla endala kakhulu futhi ethembekile. Asekelwe ekusebenziseni impophoma noma ukugeleza kwemifula namadamu kuya kuma-turbine kagesi. Ivelele ngokusebenza kwayo kahle okuphezulu, okungafinyelela ku-90%, kanye nokunikeza ukunikezwa okuzinzile kakhulu.
Okungaziwa kakhulu kodwa okuthakazelisayo amandla okushisa komhlaba. Lokhu kusebenzisa amandla okushisa komhlaba ukushisa kwemvelo okuvela emhlabathini ongaphansiKuye ngokushisa, ingasetshenziswa ukufudumeza izakhiwo kahle kakhulu noma, uma ukushisa kunamandla kakhulu, ukukhiqiza ugesi ezindaweni ezinomsebenzi wezintaba-mlilo.
Imithombo yasolwandle neyezinto eziphilayo
- Amandla e-Biomass kanye ne-Biogas: Basebenzisa izinto eziphilayo (izinkuni, imfucuza yezolimo, noma umquba). I-biomass iyashiswa ukuze ikhiqize ukushisa, kuyilapho i-biogas itholakala ngokubola kwamagciwane, okuyisihluthulelo salokhu. Ukusebenza kahle kwamandla ekusetshenzisweni kabusha kwezimboni kanye nomnotho ojikelezayo.
- Amandla Olwandle: Lokhu kufaka phakathi amandla olwandle (ukuphakama nokwehla kwamagagasi), amandla amagagasi (amagagasi), ukuguqulwa kwamandla okushisa kolwandle (umehluko wokushisa kolwandle), kanye namandla e-osmotic (ingcindezi phakathi kwamanzi amasha namanzi anosawoti). Nakuba amanye asathuthukiswa, anamandla amakhulu ogwini lwethu.
- I-Hydrogen Eluhlaza: Kukhiqizwa ngogesi wamanzi kusetshenziswa ugesi ovuselelekayo. Kuyindlela yamandla yesikhathi esizayo yokususa i-carbon dioxide imboni enzima kanye nezokuthutha ezikude.
Izinzuzo eziqondile zokwenza igxathu ekusimameni
Ukushintshela kumandla ahlanzekile akusona nje isenzo sokupha iplanethi, kodwa futhi kuyisinqumo sezezimali esihlakaniphile kakhulu. Okokuqala, ukonga kwezomnotho Inkulu kakhulu; ikhaya elinamaphaneli elanga linganciphisa ibhili yalo kagesi ngamaphesenti afinyelela ku-70, liphinde libuyise imali etshaliwe ekuqaleni ngokushesha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umuntu uthola ukuzimela kwamandla Ngempela. Ngokukhiqiza ugesi wakho, awusakwazi ukulawulwa amanani emakethe athengiswa ngobuningi noma izinkinga zezwe nezepolitiki ezithinta igesi. Empeleni kukulawula ukusetshenziswa kwakho.
Ngokombono wezemvelo, inzuzo isobala: sisusa amathani e-CO2 futhi asikhiqizi imfucuza enobuthi. Lokhu kuholela ekutheni amadolobha anempilo nomoya ohlanzekile kuwo wonke umuntu, okunciphisa inqubekela phambili yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Izinselele namathuba kumongo weSpanishi
Akuyona yonke into ehamba kahle. Ukuze la mandla abe yinto evamile futhi angabi yinto engavamile, kumelwe sinqobe izithiyo eziningana. Eyinhloko... isitoreji samandlaSidinga amabhethri asebenza kahle futhi ashibhile ukuze sisebenzise amandla elanga lapho kufika ubusuku.
Ukuthuthukisa igridi kagesi nakho kuyaphuthuma. Ukusuka ezitshalweni zamandla ezinkulu ezimbalwa kuya ezinkulungwaneni zezindawo zokukhiqiza uphahla ezincane kudinga ingqalasizinda ehlakaniphile futhi ziguquguquka ngokwanele ukusekela lokhu kugeleza kwamandla okusha.
Okokugcina, asikwazi ukukhohlwa isici sokuphatha. Nakuba "intela yelanga" edumile ingasekho, ububusi kanye nokuhamba kancane Indlela izimali eziphathwa ngayo ingadikibalisa abanye abasebenzisi. Kubalulekile ukuthi ohulumeni baqhubeke nokukhuthaza ushintsho ngokusekelwa okucacile nokuqondile.
Ukwamukelwa kwalezi zobuchwepheshe kusho ushintsho endleleni yethu yokuphila, kusukela ekukhuthazeni Ukuhamba okusimeme eSpain Kusukela ezimotweni zikagesi kuya ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kokushisa kwamakhaya ethu, kuphela ngokutshalwa kwezimali ku-R&D kanye nokuqwashisa okukhulu komphakathi lapho sizokwenza amandla esikhathi esizayo atholakale kuwo wonke umuntu, siguqule imodeli yethu yokusebenzisa ibe yileyo ehlonipha imvelo futhi ivikele izimali zezakhamizi.
