El umshwalense wesikweletu sezentengiselwano Sekungenye yamathuluzi ezezimali anamandla kakhulu ezinkampanini ezithengisa ngesikweletu, kokubili ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Akugcini nje ngokuvikela ekukhokheni izikweletu, kodwa futhi kusiza izinkampani ukuthi zikhethe kangcono amakhasimende azo, zixoxisane ngemibandela engcono namabhange, futhi zikhule ngokuphepha okukhulu, ngisho nasezikhathini zokungazinzi komnotho.
Kunokuba umkhiqizo ogcinelwe izinkampani ezinkulu, Umshuwalense wesikweletu Yenzelwe zonke izinhlobo zezinkampani ezinikeza amakhasimende azo isikweletu: ama-SME, abathumeli abavamile, amabhizinisi afuna ukwandisa ukuthengisa kwawo kwamanye amazwe, kanye nezinkampani ezinenani eliphezulu lokuthengisa ngaphakathi eSpain. Kuyo yonke le ndatshana, sizochaza ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi ihlanganisani, ukuthi isebenza kanjani, izindleko zayo, izinketho ezitholakalayo (kufaka phakathi lezo eziphethwe yi-CESCE egameni loMbuso), nokuthi kungani izinkampani zomshuwalense ezifana ne-Coface, i-Solunion, i-Crédito y Caución, kanye ne-CESCE zingabaholi kulo mkhakha.
Uyini umshwalense wesikweletu sokuhweba futhi yiziphi izingozi ozimbozayo?
Umshwalense wesikweletu sezentengiselwano Kuyinqubomgomo evikela inkampani engcupheni yokuthi amakhasimende ayo angakhokhi ama-invoyisi ezimpahla ezithengisiwe noma izinsizakalo ezinikezwa ngesikweletu. Ngamanye amazwi, ihlanganisa ingozi yokungakhokhi ezinkontilekeni zezentengiselwano ngaphakathi nangaphandle, ibe yinethi yangempela yokuphepha kwemali yenkampani.
Lolu hlobo lomshwalense lugxile kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi izingozi zezentengiselwanoLezi yizinhlobo zezinkinga ezivela emkhakheni wezentengiselwano futhi ngokuvamile zihlotshaniswa nokungakhokhi yizinkampani ezizimele. Ukubonakaliswa kwazo okusobala kakhulu yizimo zokuqothuka, izinqubo zokwehluleka ukukhokha, ukumiswa kwezinkokhelo, noma ukukhokha sekwephuzile isikhathi eside, okugcina kubeka abahlinzeki esimweni esinzima kakhulu.
Ngaphakathi komshwalense wesikweletu, ngokuvamile kwenziwa umehluko phakathi i-de facto insolvency kanye ne-de jure insolvencyUkungakwazi ukukhokha izikweletu ngokweqiniso kubhekisela ekukhokheni izikweletu isikhathi eside: isibonelo, lapho isikhathi esifanele sesidlulile (kweminye imikhiqizo, izinyanga eziyisithupha kusukela esazisweni sokungakwazi ukukhokha izikweletu okwesikhashana kuthathwa njengereferensi) ngaphandle kokuba okweletayo ekhokhe isikweletu esiqinisekisiwe ngokugcwele noma ingxenye yaso.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwehluleka kwezomthetho ukukhokha izikweletu Kuqala ukusebenza lapho umuntu okweletayo engenela ngokusemthethweni ezinqubweni zokungakwazi ukukhokha izikweletu: ukuqothuka, ukwehluleka ukukhokha izikweletu, ukumiswa kwezinkokhelo, noma ezinye izindlela zomthetho ezifanayo. Kulezi zimo, inqubomgomo yomshuwalense wesikweletu ihlinzeka ngesinxephezelo uma izimo ezichazwe kwinkontileka sezihlangatsheziwe futhi isimo sokungakwazi ukukhokha izikweletu sesiqinisekisiwe.
Ngaphezu kokumboza lokhu okuzenzakalelayo, izinqubomgomo eziningi zifaka phakathi izinsizakalo ze ukuqoqwa kwezikweletuLezi zinhlelo zihilela umshwalense ophatha ukuqoqwa kwama-invoyisi adlulelwe yisikhathi, ngisho nangaphambi kokuba kumenyezelwe ngokusemthethweni ukuthi awakwazi ukuqoqwa. Lokhu kukhulula inkampani emthwalweni omkhulu wokuphatha nowezomthetho, ngenkathi kwandisa amathuba okuthola ezinye noma zonke izimali ezisele.
Indlela umshwalense wesikweletu osiza ngayo ithimba lokuthengisa kanye nokuhlola
Enye yezinselelo ezinkulu zokuqala endaweni yokuthengisa yi- ukufuna ibhizinisiUkuthola amakhasimende angaba khona angenaso nje kuphela isithakazelo kumkhiqizo noma isevisi, kodwa futhi anekhono langempela lokukhokha. Akwanele ukuhlonza izinkampani ezifanelana nezentengiselwano; kubalulekile ukuba nolwazi oluthembekile mayelana nesimo sazo sezezimali.
Umshwalense wesikweletu sokuhweba unikeza inkampani imibiko yokuxazulula izinkinga kanye nezingozi mayelana namakhasimende abo amanje nalawo angaba khona. Ngenxa yedathabheyisi yabashuwalensi, amathuluzi okuhlaziya, kanye namamodeli angaphakathi, ithimba lokuthengisa lingaqonda ingozi ezenzakalelayo ehlobene nenkampani ngaphambi kokuvala ukuthengiselana okukhulu kwesikweletu.
Ezimweni ze ubunzima bezomnotho Ezimweni ezingaqiniseki kakhulu, ukuqina kwamakhasimende kungawohloka ngokushesha, kwandise izinga lokungakhokhi. Ukuba nenqubomgomo yomshuwalense wesikweletu kusho ukufinyelela ulwazi olusha noluqinisekisiwe ukuze kusekelwe izinqumo zebhizinisi, okuvumela ukulungiswa kwemikhawulo yesikweletu, imigomo yokukhokha, kanye nemibandela yekhasimende ngalinye.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkampani eziningi zomshuwalense zenezela ukumbozwa nge izinsizakalo ezithile zokuhlola ubungozi kanye nokuqapha okuqhubekayo kwephothifoliyo yamakhasimende. Lokhu kusiza ukulindela izinkinga zokuqoqa, ukuxoxisana ngemibandela lapho kuvela izimpawu zesexwayiso, kanye nokuqondisa kabusha isu lokuthengisa liye kumakhasimende nasezimakethe eziphephile.
Empeleni, umshwalense wesikweletu uba yimali yangempela umlingani womnyango wezentengiselwanoKwenza kube lula ukuvulwa kwama-akhawunti amasha, kusekela ukwanda kwemikhawulo yesikweletu, futhi kunikeze izimpikiswano eziqinile lapho kuxoxiswana ngokuthengiselana okunenani eliphezulu, kokubili eSpain nakwamanye amazwe.
Indlela yokubala intengo yomshuwalense wesikweletu sokuhweba
Njengakwezinye izinhlobo zomshuwalense, iphrimiyamu yomshuwalense wesikweletu inqunywa ngokusekelwe ku- izinga lobungozi Kuthathwa ngumshwalense. Kulesi simo, okuhlaziywayo amathuba okuhluleka kokukhokha imali ebolekiwe enkampanini enikeza amakhasimende ayo. Inqubomgomo ngayinye ihlukile futhi ilungiselelwe izimo ezithile zomuntu ngamunye onomshwalense.
Uma isethi yezinto eziyingozi isihloliwe, intengo yomshuwalense ivame ukuvezwa njenge- iphesenti lokuthengiswa kwaminyaka yonke okunomshwalenseLeli phesenti lingahluka kakhulu kuye ngekhwalithi yephothifoliyo yamakhasimende, imikhakha lapho inkampani isebenza khona, kanye nezimakethe eziqondiwe, phakathi kwezinye izici.
Phakathi kwezici eziyinhloko ezicatshangelwa abahlinzeki bomshuwalense lapho bebeka iphrimiyamu, okulandelayo kuyagqama:
1. Inzuzo kanye nomthamo wokuthengisa
Ukubalwa kusekelwe kunani lokuthengisa lenkampani, ikakhulukazi lelo elenziwe ngesikweletu. Iphesenti lemali engenayo elincike ekukhokheni okulibazisekile kanye nephesenti elihambisana nokuthengiswa kwemali kuyahlolwa, njengoba lokhu kuthinta ngqo ukuchayeka engcupheni.
2. Umkhakha womsebenzi
Umkhakha lapho inkampani isebenza khona uthonya ukuzinza kwemali engenayo, izinzuzo, kanye nokuguquguquka kwesidingo. Imisebenzi ejikelezayo kakhulu, leyo enezikhathi eziningi zonyaka, noma leyo enezindleko ezinciphile ingase iveze ingozi yokuzenzakalelayo iphakeme kunemikhakha ezinzile, okuzobonakala entengo yomshwalense.
3. Imigomo yesikweletu sokuhweba
Izinkampani zomshuwalense zihlaziya izimo zokukhokha Le nkampani inikeza amakhasimende ayo okulandelayo: imigomo ejwayelekile (izinsuku ezingu-30, 60, 90 noma ngaphezulu), imikhawulo ngeklayenti ngalinye, izindlela zokukhokha (amaphepha esithembiso, ukudluliselwa kwemali, ama-debit aqondile, njll.), kanye nemikhuba yokuphatha ubungozi bangaphakathi. Uma ukuphathwa kwesikweletu kuqinile futhi kuchwepheshile, iprimiyamu ivame ukuba ngcono kakhulu.
4. Izimakethe kanye nengozi yezwe
Ezingeni lamazwe ngamazwe, kufundwa ngezingozi zezepolitiki, zezomnotho, kanye nezomthetho zamazwe lapho abathengi batholakala khona. Ukusebenza ezimakethe kanye ingozi enkulu yezwe Kungakhuphula izindleko zomshuwalense, kuyilapho ukwenza kanjalo ezindaweni ezizinzile ezinamathuba amahle kunganciphisa izindleko zomshuwalense.
5. Umlando wezohwebo kanye nowokuqoqa
Ukuziphatha komlando kwamaqoqo kanye umlando wokungakhokhi Lezi zici nazo ziyacatshangelwa. Kodwa-ke, umlando wezigameko awusho ukuthi iprimiyamu ikhuphuka kakhulu: ilinganiswa nezici ezifana nezitayela zemakethe, umbono wesidingo semikhiqizo yomuntu onomshwalense, kanye nentuthuko ezinqubweni zabo zesikweletu kanye nokuqoqwa kwezimpahla.
6. Isakhiwo senqubomgomo kanye nokwenza ngokwezifiso
Ezinkampanini zomshuwalense ezifana ne-Crédito y Caución, kungenzeka ukwengeza inqubomgomo ejwayelekile nge izixazululo ezihambisanayo (Esimweni sabo, bakhuluma ngamakhulu ezindlela zokwandisa noma ukulungisa okungenzeka). Lezi zindlela ezengeziwe zokuvikela zingandisa isivikelo noma zisivumelanise nezimo ezithile, ezithinta nephrimiyamu yokugcina, kungaba phezulu noma phansi.
Uma zizonke, zonke lezi zinto zivumela inkampani yomshuwalense ukuthi ibeke intengo yomshwalense wesikweletu Ngokuhambisana nengozi yangempela, inkampani izokwenza izinqumo ezicacile mayelana nezindleko kanye nesu lomshuwalense.
Imisebenzi kanye nendima ye-CESCE njenge-Ejensi Yezikweletu Zokuthumela Ngaphandle
I-CESCE yi- I-Ejensi Yesikweletu Sokuthumela Ngaphandle YaseSpain (i-ECA) futhi idlala indima ebalulekile ekusekeleni ukwenziwa kwezinkampani zaseSpain emhlabeni wonke. Iphatha, ngokukhethekile futhi egameni likaHulumeni, umshwalense wesikweletu sokuthumela ngaphandle kanye umshwalense wokutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe eSpain.
Njenge-ejenti ephethe, i-CESCE isayina amapholisi nabantu abanomshwalense, kodwa yiyo UMbuso waseSpain, othatha umthwalo wemfanelo wokugcina njengesiqinisekiso sokumbozwa. Unyaka ngamunye, iSabelomali Sikahulumeni Jikelele sibeka umkhawulo omkhulu walezi ziqinisekiso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo lusekelwa yiSikhwama Sokulondolozwa Kwengozi Yomhlaba Wonke sikaHulumeni, esixhaswe ngezinsiza ezikhiqizwa ngumsebenzi womshuwalense ngokwawo.
Phakathi kokuyinhloko Imisebenzi ye-CESCE egameni loMbuso yizo:
- Phatha izingozi zezepolitiki, zezentengiselwano kanye nezingavamile okuhambisana nomsebenzi wamazwe ngamazwe wezinkampani zaseSpain.
- Lungiselela ukuxhaswa ngezimali okuncintisanayo kumakhasimende ezinkampani zaseSpain ezithumela kwamanye amazwe, ngemikhiqizo ethile yezinhlangano zezimali.
- Lungiselela ukutholakala kweziqinisekiso kanye nokuxhaswa ngemali yokusebenza kwemisebenzi yokuthumela ngaphandle kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe.
- Nciphisa izingozi ezikhona emisebenzini yangaphandle (izinguquko zomthetho, izingozi zombuso, imikhawulo yokudlulisela, njll.).
Ngale ndlela, i-CESCE iba ithuluzi lomphakathi nelangasese elihlanganisa ukumbozwa kwengozi egameni loMbuso ngolwazi lomhlinzeki wemali mboleko okhethekile.
Imikhiqizo ye-CESCE yezikhungo zezimali
Amabhange nezinye izikhungo zezimali zisiza kakhulu ezezimali zokuhweba kwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe. Ukuze kusekelwe lo msebenzi, i-CESCE inikeza izinqubomgomo ezahlukene ezihlose ngqo izikhungo zesikweletu ezixhasa izinkampani ezithumela kwamanye amazwe noma amaphrojekthi okutshalwa kwezimali.
Phakathi kwemikhiqizo eyinhloko ye-CESCE ehloselwe izinhlangano zemali phuma:
Umshwalense Wezikweletu Zemali Esebenzayo
Le nqubomgomo iklanyelwe ukumboza ingozi yokungakhokhi imali mboleko ehloselwe ukuxhasa inkampani yaseSpain ngezinkontileka noma amaphrojekthi okuthumela kwamanye amazwe noma okwenziwa kwamanye amazwe. Ivikela isikhungo esibolekisayo ekungabuyiselweni kwemali okungenzeka okuhlobene nalezi zinkontileka.
Isikweletu Somhlinzeki ebhange njengomzuzi
Kulolu hlelo, umthengisi unikeza ilungelo lokuqoqa isinxephezelo somshuwalense ebhange elinciphisa izikweletu zalo (ama-invoyisi, ama-draft, njll.). Ibhange liba umzuzi wenqubomgomoukuze, uma umthengi wangaphandle engakhokhi, umshwalense akhokhele isikhungo sezezimali inani elincishisiwe.
Ikhredithi Yomthengi
Le nqubomgomo ivikela isikhungo sezezimali esihlinzeka nge- isikweletu kumthengi wangaphandle ukuthola izimpahla noma izinsizakalo zaseSpain. Uma umthengi engakhokhi imali mboleko ngaphansi kwemibandela evunyelwene ngayo, i-CESCE imboza ukwehluleka, ngokuvamile ngenxa yezingozi zezentengiselwano nezepolitiki.
Inqubomgomo Yokusebenza Kwesiqinisekiso
Kuhloswe ukuthengiselana lapho umthengisi kumele anikeze uhlobo oluthile lwesiqinisekiso (ibhidi, ukusebenza, ukubuyiselwa kwemali kusengaphambili, njll.) kumthengi wangaphandle noma iziphathimandla zezwe. Inqubomgomo ivumela inhlangano ekhipha isiqinisekiso ukuthi izivikele engcupheni yokuthi isiqinisekiso singasethwa ngendlela engafanele noma ngezizathu ezimboziwe.
Inqubomgomo Yokusebenza Kwesiqinisekiso Esiqondile Sama-SME
Kukhona indlela eyenzelwe ukuthumela kwamanye amazwe ama-SME Lezi yizinkampani ezixazulula izinkinga eziqasha inani elikhulu labasebenzi, kodwa zibhekene nesithiyo sokungabi nemigqa yesikweletu eyanele ohlelweni lwamabhange. Le nqubomgomo ihlose ukwenza kube lula ukufinyelela kwazo eziqinisekisweni ezidingekayo ukuze zande emhlabeni wonke.
Umshuwalense wabatshalizimali bamanye amazwe
Lokhu kuvikelwa kuvikela izinhlangano ezixhasa ngezimali Ukutshalwa kwezimali kwaseSpain kwamanye amazwe lapho kubhekene nezingozi zezepolitiki (ukuthathwa kwempahla, imikhawulo yokudluliselwa kwempahla, izingxabano, izinguquko ezinkulu zomthetho, njll.), ngaleyo ndlela kube lula inqubo yokwenziwa kwebhizinisi emhlabeni wonke.
Umshwalense Wesikweletu Samadokhumenti (Owomuntu Ngamunye Novulekile)
Ikuvumela ukuthi uqinisekise ukuqinisekiswa kwamakhredithi amadokhumenti akhishwe amabhange angaphandle, kokubili ngokwawo (ikhredithi ethile) kanye nange- iphothifoliyo evulekile yamakhredithi amadokhumentiNgale ndlela, inhlangano eqinisekisayo izivikela ekungakhokhini okubangelwa ukwehluleka kwebhange elikhipha imali kwamanye amazwe ukukhokha.
Ikhredithi Yomthengi Yezimali Zephrojekthi
Lolu uhlobo lwe- Imali Yephrojekthi lapho ukuxhaswa ngezimali kwephrojekthi kusekelwa kakhulu ukugeleza kwemali okukhiqizwa yiphrojekthi uqobo. I-CESCE ihlanganisa izingozi zezepolitiki nezentengiselwano ezingathinta ikhono lenkampani yephrojekthi lokuhlangabezana nezinkokhelo zemali mboleko.
Umshuwalense wokuxhasa ngezimali ukutshalwa kwezimali okunecebo eSpain
Le nqubomgomo ingaqinisekisa izimali mboleko ezinikezwayo zokutshalwa kwezimali eSpain ezibhekwa njengezinentshisekelo enkulu emnothweni wezwe nokuthi, esikhathini esizayo, zingase ukukhuthaza ukwenziwa kwamanye amazweLeli ithuluzi lokusekela amaphrojekthi abalulekile ngaphakathi ngokugxila okucacile kwangaphandle.
Izixazululo ze-CESCE zezinkampani: ukuthumela kwamanye amazwe, ukutshalwa kwezimali kanye nemikhakha eluhlaza
Ngaphezu kwemikhiqizo eqondiswe emabhange, i-CESCE inikeza izixazululo ezithile zomshuwalense wesikweletu kanye nomshwalense wokutshalwa kwezimali oqondiswe ngqo ezinkampanini. Lezi zimbozo zisekela umthengisi ngaphandle kulo lonke umjikelezo wenkontileka yokuthekelisa noma yokutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe.
Izinkampani zingamboza izingozi ezivela ku- inkontileka yokuthumela izimpahla nezinsizakalo kwamanye amazwe noma iphrojekthi yokutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe, okuhlanganisa kokubili ukwehluleka kwezentengiselwano kanye nezingozi ezithile zezepolitiki noma ezingavamile ezingavimbela ukuqoqwa.
Kuyafaneleka ukuqaphela ukuthi kukhona lokho okubizwa ngokuthi Izinqubomgomo Eziluhlaza, lapho i-CESCE ishintsha khona umshwalense wayo wesikweletu sokuthumela ngaphandle kanye nomshuwalense wokutshalwa kwezimali ukuze isekele imisebenzi e- imikhakha ebhekwa njengeluhlaza, ngokuhambisana ne-taxonomy ye-European Union noma i-Annex I ye-OECD Consensus. Inhloso ukuqondisa ukuxhaswa ngezimali kanye nokumbozwa kwengozi kumaphrojekthi anomthelela omuhle kwezemvelo.
I-CESCE iphinde isebenze njenge-ejenti ephethe ye Uhlelo Lokumbozwa Kwengozi Yesikweletu Kwabathengi Abasebenzisa Amandla AphezuluKulesi sigaba, sihlanganisa izingozi zokungakwazi ukukhokha ngokugcwele noma ngokungafanele ngenxa yezinkontileka zokuthenga ugesi zesikhathi esiphakathi neside yilaba bathengi abakhulu.
Lolu hlelo luhlanganisa umshwalense ku- iziqinisekiso zasebhange noma izibambiso okwenza kube lula kubathengi abasebenzisa amandla amaningi ukuthola iziqinisekiso ezidingekayo zokusayina izivumelwano zokuthenga amandla zesikhathi esimaphakathi kuya kweside (ama-PPA) nabathengisi bamandla avuselelekayo.
Ngokufanayo, kukhona Isiqinisekiso esiqondile sabathengisi bamandla ngokumelene nabathengi abasebenzisa amandla amaningi, okuvikela umthengisi engcupheni yokungakhokhi izibopho ezithathwa ngumthengi osebenzisa amandla amaningi ngaphansi kwezinkontileka zokuphakelwa kwamandla avuselelekayo zesikhathi esimaphakathi noma eside.
Ezinye izinketho ezihlobene: ukuvikela amabhizinisi, amahhovisi kanye nabaphathi
Emkhakheni wokuphathwa kwezingozi zebhizinisi, kunezinye izinhlobo zomshuwalense ezihambisana nomshuwalense wesikweletu sokuhweba. Isibonelo, Ukuvikelwa Kwesikweletu Sezentengiselwano Kuyinqubomgomo yomshwalense evela kuSolunion Seguros, CompañÃa Internacional de Seguros y Reaseguros SA, eklanyelwe ukumboza ubungozi bokungakhokhi amaklayenti ebhizinisi, kukho kokubili imisebenzi kazwelonke neyamazwe ngamazwe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungathola imikhiqizo efana ne Ukuvikelwa Kwamabhizinisi Namahhovisi, umshwalense onikezwa yiBanSabadell Seguros Generales SA de Seguros y Reaseguros, ogxile ekuvikelweni okuphelele kwezikhungo namahhovisi (umonakalo, icala lomphakathi, njll.), ohambisana nokuphathwa kwezingozi ngale kwesikweletu sezentengiselwano.
Esinye isiqephu sephazili sithi Ukuvikelwa Kwabaqondisi NezikhuluLe nqubomgomo, ebhalwe yiZurich Insurance Europe AG, iSpanish Branch, ivikela izimpahla zomuntu siqu zabaqondisi kanye nezikhulu eziphezulu ezimangalweni ezivela kubaphathi babo (umshwalense we-D&O). Nakuba kungewona umshwalense wesikweletu, yakha ingxenye yesimiso sokumbozwa esenzelwe ukuvikela umsebenzi webhizinisi.
Ezimweni eziningi, lezi zinqubomgomo zomshuwalense zithengiswa ngokusebenzisa abaqhubi bebhange kanye nabasebenza ngomshuwalense njengeBanSabadell Mediación, esebenza egameni lezinkampani zomshuwalense ezahlukahlukene (iZurich, iBanSabadell Vida, njll.) futhi inomshuwalense wesikweletu somphakathi ngokuhambisana nemithethonqubo yokusatshalaliswa komshuwalense kanye nomshuwalense wokuphinda uqinisekiswe.
Izinzuzo zezimali zomshuwalense wesikweletu: ukuthengisa, izindleko kanye nenzuzo
Umshwalense wesikweletu sokuhweba udlulela ngalé kokuba inqubomgomo elula yokumboza ukungakhokheli: uba yi- ithuluzi lokuphatha ezezimali elinobuhlakani okuthinta ngqo isitatimende senzuzo nokulahlekelwa kwenkampani kanye nebhalansi.
Esimweni lapho i- ikhredithi yezinkampani Ukuthengisa ngesikweletu kungumthombo oyinhloko wezimali zezinkampani eziningi (ngisho nangaphezu kwemali mboleko yasebhange), futhi ukuthengisa ngesikweletu kubeka ibhizinisi engcupheni yokungakhokhi ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ukubambezeleka noma ukwehluleka kokukhokha akuthinti nje kuphela ukuhamba kwemali kodwa futhi kudala izindleko ezifihliweUkuze kulungiswe i-invoyisi engaqoqwa, inkampani idinga ukuthengisa okuningi kakhulu kunalokho ebonakala ekuqaleni, ngokusekelwe enzuzweni yayo.
Kulinganiselwa ukuthi nxazonke Izinkampani ezingama-80% zibhekana nokubambezeleka kokukhokha Futhi ukuthi cishe ingxenye yesine yokwehluleka kwebhizinisi kuhlobene nama-invoyisi angakhokhelwanga. Kulesi simo, izixazululo zokunciphisa ubungozi bebhizinisi, njengomshuwalense wesikweletu, ziba zibaluleke kakhulu.
Ngokufaka umshwalense wama-invoyisi ekubambezelekeni okukhulu noma ukungakhokhi ngokuphelele, umshwalense wesikweletu uvumela inkampani sebenza ngokuthula kwengqondo okukhulu namakhasimende ayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inomthelela oqondile ezindleleni eziningana ezibalulekile zezimali: yandisa amathuba okuthengisa, yehlisa izindleko zokusebenza nezezezimali, futhi ithuthukisa imali engenayo engenayo.
1. Ukuthuthukiswa Kokuthengisa
Ukuba nomshwalense wesikweletu kwenza kube lula ukwandisa isisekelo samakhasimende kanye nokusayinwa kwezivumelwano ezinkulu, njengoba ingxenye yengozi ezenzakalelayo idluliselwa kumshwalense. Lokhu kuvumela inkampani ukuthi:
- Xoxa futhi uvale izinkontileka ezintsha namakhasimende, ngaphandle kwalokhu kuvikeleka, angase adale ukungaqiniseki okukhulu kakhulu.
- ukwamukela ama-oda amakhulu namakhasimende akhona, okuqinisa ubudlelwano bebhizinisi.
- Okunikezwayo imigomo yokukhokha eguquguqukayo kakhudlwana ezimakethe noma ezingxoxweni ezibalulekile, okuthuthukisa ukuncintisana kwazo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuhlaziywa kwezingozi kwezomnotho kanye nezezwe okunikezwa yinkampani yomshwalense, inkampani ingavula izimakethe emazweni asengozini enkulu ngaphandle kokuchayeka ngokweqile, ithembele ku- ukuhlolwa kobungcweti kwabalingani.
2. Ukwehliswa kwezindleko zokusebenza
Umshwalense wesikweletu unegalelo ku ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa okuvela ezikweletini ezimbi Lokhu kuvumela izinkampani ukuthi zinciphise imibandela okumele ziyibeke eceleni ukuze zimboze izinkinga ezingaba khona zokungakhokhi. Zingaphinde zinikeze inkampani yomshwalense ingxenye enkulu yokuphathwa kwezikweletu kanye nokuqoqwa kwazo, okunciphisa umthwalo wazo wangaphakathi wokuphatha kanye nowezomthetho.
Ngale ndlela, inkampani ingakwazi ukuqondisa kabusha izinsiza kanye nesikhathi ukubhekisa ezindaweni ezikhiqiza kakhulu (ukuthengisa, ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo, insizakalo yamakhasimende, njll.), esikhundleni sokuzibeka ekuqoqweni nasekuqapheni izikweletu ezingakhokhelwa.
3. Ukunciphisa izindleko zezimali
Amabhange ayazisa kakhulu iqiniso lokuthi ama-akhawunti akhokhwayo avikelwe ngumshwalense wesikweletu, njengoba lokhu kunciphisa ingozi yokuthengiselana. Lokhu kuvumela inkampani thuthukisa iphrofayela yakho yesikweletu kanye nokufinyelela ezimalini ngezimo ezingcono: imigqa ebanzi yesikweletu, amazinga enzalo alungisiwe noma imigomo emihle kakhulu.
Ezinkontilekeni zezimali ezisekelwe yimpahla (isb., ukwenziwa kwama-factor noma imigqa yesikweletu esekelwa ama-akhawunti atholakalayo), ukuba nomshwalense wesikweletu kuvame ukuvumela ibhange faka ama-akhawunti aqinisekisiwe angatholwa ngaphakathi kwesisekelo sokubalwa kwezimali, okwandisa uketshezi olutholakalayo.
4. Ukuthuthuka emiphumeleni ehlanzekile
Ngokunikeza ulwazi olusha mayelana impilo yezezimali yamakhasimende kanye nabantu abangase babe khonaUmshwalense wesikweletu usiza izinkampani ukuthi zenze izinqumo ezingcono mayelana nokuthi zisebenza nobani nokuthi ngamiphi imigomo. Lokhu, kuhlanganiswe nokuvikelwa ekungakhokhini kanye nokusekelwa ekuqoqweni kwezikweletu, kunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwemali engenayo futhi kunegalelo enzuzweni engcono.
Ngamafuphi, umshwalense wesikweletu sokuhweba uba yisivikelo se ukuqinisa inzuzo yebhizinisiKuthuthukisa ukuthengisa, kunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kanye nezindleko, futhi kuhlinzeka ngokuzinza okukhulu kwezezimali esikhathini esimaphakathi neside.
Umthelela womshuwalense wesikweletu ebhalansi: izimpahla, izikweletu kanye ne-equity
Umphumela womshuwalense wesikweletu awugcini nje esitatimendeni senzuzo nokulahlekelwa; futhi unomthelela obonakalayo kakhulu ku- ibhalansi yenkampaniikakhulukazi maqondana nekhwalithi yezimpahla kanye nokwakheka kwezikweletu.
Okokuqala, umshwalense wesikweletu unegalelo ku- qinisa izimpahla zamanjeNgokuqinisekisa izinkokhelo zamakhasimende nokunciphisa amathuba okuba kube nokungakhokhi okukhulu, iphothifoliyo ekhokhwayo kuma-akhawunti iba namandla futhi ithembeke kakhudlwana. Ukulahlekelwa okuncane ngenxa yokungakwazi ukukhokha kusho nokulungiswa okuphansi kokukhubazeka kanye nemibandela encishisiwe.
Okwesibili, ukuzinza okukhulu kanye nokubikezela kokugeleza kwemali kwesikhathi esizayo kuvumela inkampani ukunciphisa ukuthembela kwabo ezimalini zesikhashana (imigqa yesikweletu, ama-overdraft, njll.), okuvame ukuba yizindleko ezibiza kakhulu. Ngokudinga izinsizakusebenza ezimbalwa zasebhange ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nokushoda kwemali ngezikhathi ezithile, inani lezikweletu zamanje liyancipha futhi izindleko zezimali ziyancishiswa.
Konke lokhu kunethonya elihle ku- inzuzo enhleUkulahlekelwa okuncane okuvela ekukhokheni izikweletu, izindleko zezimali eziphansi, kanye nokuncipha kokuphazamiseka kwempahla kuholela esimweni esiqinile samasheya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isakhiwo sebhalansi esilinganiselayo kanye nesisekelo samakhasimende esivikelekile kwenza inkampani ikhange kakhulu kubatshalizimali. abatshalizimali kanye nezikhungo zezimali.
Ngokombono womhlaba wonke, umshwalense wesikweletu sokuhweba usebenza njengesiqinisi sebhalansi, uvikela imiphumela emibi yokwehluleka ukukhokha futhi usize ekwakheni i- isithombe sokuqina kwezimali kanye nokuqina ngokumelene nabantu besithathu.
Kungani ukhethe umshwalense wesikweletu sebhizinisi le-Coface
Emakethe yaseSpain nakwamanye amazwe kunezinkampani eziningana zomshuwalense ezigxile kumshuwalense wesikweletu, phakathi kwazo iCoface, cishe esenayo iminyaka engamashumi ayisishiyagalombili yesipiliyoni sokuphatha ingozi yesikweletu sezentengiselwano kanye nokuba khona emazweni acishe abe ngu-200. Bakhonza amakhasimende angaba ngu-100.000 emhlabeni jikelele, bebanikeza isizindalwazi esibalulekile kanye nobuhlakani bezingozi.
Izixazululo zeCoface zenzelwe ukusiza izinkampani ukuthi yenza izinqumo ezihlakaniphile endaweni eguquguqukayo nengaqiniseki. Abagcini nje ngokuhlinzeka ngesinxephezelo uma kungakhokhwa: baphinde banikeze izinhlelo zolwazi ezivikelwe ngomshuwalense, ukuhlaziywa komkhakha, kanye namathuluzi okuqapha ubungozi ukuze bakwazi ukuphatha iphothifoliyo yamakhasimende abo ngokunembe kakhudlwana.
Phakathi kwezizathu zokukhetha Umshwalense wezikweletu ze-Coface yizo:
- Amandla we vikela imingcele ukunciphisa umthelela wama-invoyisi angakhokhelwanga ku-akhawunti yenzuzo nokulahlekelwa.
- Ukuthuthukiswa kwe ikhwalithi kanye nokuthembeka kwephothifoliyo yamakhasimendengenxa yokuhlaziywa okuqhubekayo kwengozi yomlingani.
- I kungenzeka ukuphatha isikweletu kanye nokumbozwa ngendlela ephelele, bethembele kokuhlangenwe nakho kwabo kanye nobuchwepheshe.
- Ukukhululeka kwe finyelela uxhaso lwezimali ngemibandela engconongoba imali ekhokhwayo eqinisekisiwe ibhekwa kahle kakhulu ngamabhange kanye nababolekisi.
- Ukuqiniswa kwe- ibhalansi kanye nesitatimende semali engenayongokunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokuzinzisa ukuhamba kwemali.
- Ukumbozwa okusebenzayo kwe- Ama-akhawunti atholakalayo, ukuvikela ukuhamba kwemali, okuyiwona mandla ashukumisayo ngemuva kokusebenza kwansuku zonke kwanoma iyiphi inkampani.
Ezinkampanini ezifuna ukukhula okuphephile, ngaphakathi nangaphandle kweSpain, ikhambi lomshuwalense wesikweletu eliklanywe kahle, njengalelo elinikezwa yiCoface noma abanye abahlinzeki bomshuwalense abakhethekile, liba yinsika ebalulekile yesu labo. isu lokuphatha ubungozi kanye nokuhlela kwabo ezezimali.
Esimweni lapho ukungakhokhi kusalokhu kuyimbangela enkulu yokucindezeleka kwezezimali kanye nokuwa kwebhizinisi, okune- Umshwalense wesikweletu sezentengiselwano olungiselelwe iphrofayili yenkampaniIsekelwa ulwazi kanye nezinsizakalo zokuqoqa izikweletu, yenza umehluko phakathi kokukhula ngokuqinile noma ukuhamba ngokungaboni kanye nokuthatha ingozi enkulu kunokudingekile.
