Ingabe udinga usizo olwengeziwe ukuze ufinyelele eminyakeni edingekayo ukuze uthole impesheni yomhlalaphansi engcono kakhulu? Namuhla, labo abanolwazi lokufunda noma lwe-scholarship banenzuzo entsha ebalulekile: kukhona indlela esemthethweni yokwengeza iminyaka emihlanu eyengeziwe eminikelweni yabo ye-Social Security . Le ndlela, efakwe emithethweni yamuva yaseSpain, inikeze impumuzo kanye nethuba ezinkulungwaneni zochwepheshe abafuna ukuthuthukisa impesheni yabo yesikhathi esizayo.
Uma uzibuza ukuthi, "Ngingayithola kanjani le minikelo yeminyaka emihlanu eyengeziwe?" , ufike endaweni efanele. Ngezansi, sichaza yonke imininingwane yalesi sivumelwano esikhethekile, izidingo, izinyathelo ezisebenzayo, ukuthi ubani ongazuza, izindleko, kanye namathiphu abalulekile. Khohlwa ukungabaza namahemuhemu: lapha unolwazi oluqinisekisiwe noluphelele lokusebenzisa kahle lesi silinganiso, oluchazwe ngokucacile nangezibonelo.
Kuhlanganisani ukuba nokwenzeka kokwengeza iminyaka emi-5 eyengeziwe yeminikelo?
Kusukela ngoJanuwari 2024 , i-Social Security ivumele, ngesivumelwano esisha esikhethekile , ukwengezwa kwezinsuku ezifika ku-1.825 (okungukuthi, iminyaka emi-5) zeminikelo kulabo abenza ukuqeqeshwa kwama-internship, ikakhulukazi uma bengakhokhelwa, futhi isikhathi sabo sokuqeqeshwa singabalwa empilweni yabo yokusebenza ngaleso sikhathi.
Le nqubekelaphambili isabela esifisweni sokulungisa ukungalingani okungokomlando kanye nokuqaphela izinqubo ngaphambilini ezazingawakhiqizi amalungelo omphakathi, ngenhloso yokwenza ngcono ukuvikelwa komphakathi kanye nokuvimbela izimo ezibucayi zokuqeqeshelwa umsebenzi ukuba zingalimazi izizukulwane ezintsha zabahola impesheni.
Le ndlela ilawulwa yi -Order ISM/386/2024 futhi ihloselwe kakhulu labo abaphothule izifundo zokuqeqeshwa kwezemfundo, ezobuciko, noma zezemidlalo, kokubili ngaphakathi eSpain nakwamanye amazwe. Manje, ngenxa yalolu khetho, ungaqinisekisa izikhathi zokuqeqeshwa ezazingabalwanga empeshenini yakho ngaphambilini, uma nje uhlangabezana nezinsuku zokugcina kanye nezimfuneko ezichazwe ngezansi.
Ubani isivumelwano esikhethekile sokwengeza iminyaka yeminikelo esihloselwe yona?
Imithethonqubo emisha ibeka izidingo ezicacile kakhulu mayelana nabazuzi :
- Abantu abenze ama-internship okuqeqesha angakhokhelwa kusukela ngoNovemba 1, 2011 kuya kuDisemba 31, 2023.
- Ubani owenze ama-internship akhokhelwayo ngaphambi kukaNovemba 1, 2011, ngaleso sikhathi ama-internship aqala ukukhokhiswa intela ngokomthetho.
- Abafundi be ekolishi (Degree, Master's, Doctorate, own degrees), Ukuqeqeshelwa umsebenzi wezandla (kuwo wonke amazinga: Eziyisisekelo, Eziphakathi, Eziphakeme, Izifundo Ezikhethekile), nalabo abathathe izimfundiso zobuciko noma ezemidlalo, eSpain nakwamanye amazwe.
- Abantu ababambe iqhaza izinhlelo zokuqeqesha ucwaningo ngaphambi kuka-February 4, 2006, nabo bangazuza kulesi sivumelwano.
Iphuzu elilodwa elibalulekile: labo asebethathe umhlalaphansi noma abanokukhubazeka okuhlala njalo okuqashelwayo ngeke bafaneleke , ngaphandle kwezinye izimo ezisemthethweni.
Mingaki iminyaka engabuyiswa futhi ibalwa kanjani?
Ngenxa yalesi sivumelwano, kungenzeka ukuqoqa iminikelo yezinsuku ezingu-1.825 , okungukuthi, isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka emihlanu egcwele.
Ingabe uye waba nama-internship ambalwa? Engeza zonke izinsuku ezisetshenzwe ngempela ngaphansi kwalezi zindlela, inqobo nje uma umkhawulo osemthethweni ungeqiwe. Uma ubusuvele walulama kufika eminyakeni emi-2 ngomthethonqubo wangaphambilini ka-2011, ungaqeda iminyaka emi-5 ngemithethonqubo emisha.
Iminikelo ebuyela emuva ibalwa ngokuhlanganisa izinsuku zokuqeqeshwa ezingafakwanga esikhathini somnikelo esifanele bese kusetshenziswa ukulingana okusemthethweni. Kwezinye izimo, usuku ngalunye lokuqeqeshwa lungabalwa izinsuku ezingaphezu kweyodwa zeminikelo, kuye ngonyaka kanye nohlobo lwesifundo, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuthola ukubalwa okuqondile ehhovisi lezokuPhepha koMphakathi.
Izidingo ezibalulekile zokufinyelela isivumelwano esikhethekile
Ukuze uzuze kulesi silinganiso futhi usayine isivumelwano esikhethekile, kufanele uhlangabezane nalezi zindlela ezilandelayo:
- Ngemva kokuphothula ama-internship okuqeqesha, kokubili ikharikhulamu kanye nezifundo zangaphandle, ngaphakathi kohlaka lwezifundo zasenyuvesi, ukuqeqeshwa komsebenzi wezandla, imfundo yobuciko noma yezemidlalo, noma izinhlelo zocwaningo ngaphambi komhla zi-4 kuNhlolanja wezi-2006.
- Ukuthi le mikhuba bebengafakwanga ohlwini ngaleso sikhathi, okungukuthi, aziveli emlandweni wakho wokuqashwa njengeminikelo ephumelelayo.
- Yiba nesitifiketi ekhishwe isikhungo sezemfundo, inyuvesi, inkampane esebenzisanayo noma inhlangano enesibopho sokufunda, echaza izikhathi nezindlela.
- Engakakhishwa ku-General Social Security Regime ngalezo zikhathi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubo ingacelwa kanye kuphela , ngakho-ke kuyalulekwa ukuqoqa wonke amadokhumenti angenzeka ngaphambi kokuqala isicelo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho sikhathi esishiywe singabalwanga.
Yimaphi amadokhumenti owadingayo ukuze ucubungule isicelo?
Ukuze Ukuphepha Komphakathi kucubungule ukubhaliswa kwakho ngaphansi kwesivumelwano esikhethekile futhi wengeze iminyaka engekho, uzodinga ukuthumela:
- I-DNI noma i-NIE ngokuphoqelela.
- Isitifiketi esisemthethweni se-internship okwenziwa yisikhungo sezemfundo noma inkampani, enenkomba ecacile yezinsuku kanye nohlobo lwe-internship.
- Uma kufaneleka, imibhalo ethethelela uhlobo lokufunda: idigri yasenyuvesi, ukuqeqeshwa kwemisebenzi yezandla, imfundo yobuciko noma yezemidlalo, noma ukubamba iqhaza ezinhlelweni zocwaningo.
Wonke amadokhumenti kufanele agcwaliswe kahle, futhi uma ufunde ngaphandle kwaseSpain, kuhle ukuthi amadiploma akho noma izitifiketi zihunyushwe futhi zibe semthethweni uma kunesidingo.
Izinsuku ezibalulekile: umnqamulajuqu wokucela isivumelwano
Isikhathi sokufaka isicelo sesivumelwano esikhethekile sivuliwe kusukela mhla lu-1 kuNhlangulana 2024. Isikhathi sokugcina sokusebenzisa le ndlela singumhla zingama-31 kuZibandlela 2028.
Kutuswa ukuthi ungalindi kuze kube yizinyanga zokugcina, njengoba iminikelo izoqala ukubonakala kusenesikhathi empilweni yakho yokusebenza, futhi uma uliyeka ithuba, ngemva kwalolo suku ngeke ukwazi ukubuyisela iminyaka ye-internship engakhokhelwa.
Ngisifaka kuphi futhi kanjani isicelo? Inqubo eku-inthanethi ngokuphelele
Inqubo ingaqedwa ngokuphelele ku-inthanethi ngeHhovisi Le -elekthronikhi Lomgcinimafa Jikelele Wezokuphepha Komphakathi . Kufanele ufinyelele esigabeni esihambisanayo se-“ Izinqubo Nokuphathwa Kwesivumelwano Esikhethekile ”, ukhethe inketho ethi “Ukubhalisa, ukukhansela noma ukuguqulwa kwedatha yesivumelwano esikhethekile”.
Uma usungaphakathi, layisha amadokhumenti akho, gcwalisa amafomu, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi lonke ulwazi lufana nomlando wakho wezifundo nowomsebenzi. Ungakwazi futhi ukucela i-aphoyintimenti mathupha, kodwa i-inthanethi manje iyindlela eshesha kakhulu.
Kubiza malini ukuhlanganisa le minyaka yeminikelo?
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi le nqubo ayikhululekile . Uhulumeni ubeke imali yokuxhasa le minikelo yangaphambilini, ebala inani ngokwemibandela elandelayo:
- Isisekelo somnikelo wenkomba Kuzoba yilo elisukela ngonyaka owenza ngawo i-internship, hhayi lena yamanje. Lokhu kuhloswe ngakho ukugcina ukulingana futhi hhayi ukujezisa labo ababekwenza emashumini eminyaka adlule.
- Izindleko zanyanga zonke okwamanje ziphakathi Ama-euro angama-40 kanye ne-140 ngenyanga ngayinye atholakele, kuye ngokuthi unyaka kanye nesisekelo somnikelo esincane seqembu lesi-7 loMbuso Jikelele.
- Isamba singakhokhwa ngezindlela ezimbili: ngenkokhelo eyodwa o ihlukaniswe izitolimende zanyanga zonke (imvamisa kufika ku-84).
Ezikhathini eziphakathi kuka-1980 no-2006, ububanzi ngokuvamile buhluka phakathi kwala manani, kodwa kuwumqondo omuhle ngaso sonke isikhathi ukubonana nesibalo esisemthethweni ngaphambi kokwenza isinqumo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani lanyanga zonke liphindaphindwa nge-coefficient yokunciphisa engu-0,77, njengoba kusungulwe imithethonqubo, engamelela ukonga okuncane.
Kwenzekani ngemva kokukhokha iminikelo yami?
Uma isicelo sakho sesivunyiwe futhi inkokhelo isifakiwe (ngokugcwele noma ngokwengxenye, uma ukhetha inketho yokukhokha ngezitolimende), isikhathi esisha somnikelo sizobonakala emlandweni wakho wokuqashwa ezinyangeni ezilandelayo. Le minyaka eyengeziwe ingenza umehluko enanini lempesheni yakho futhi, kwezinye izimo, ingakusiza uhlangabezane nezidingo zokufinyelela umhlalaphansi ojwayelekile noma wangaphambi kwesikhathi ngaphandle kwama-coefficients okunciphisa.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi uma unikela ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-15, uyafaneleka ukuthola imali encane yempesheni yokufaka. Kodwa-ke, uma ufinyelela eminyakeni engama-35-37 yeminikelo ngalolu sizo, uzoba nezinketho eziningi zokuthatha umhlalaphansi uma usuneminyaka engama-65, kunokuba ulinde uze ube neminyaka engama-66 kanye nezinyanga eziyi-8, noma iminyaka yobudala engama-67 kusukela ngo-2027.
Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi labo asebevele bejwayele ama-internship afinyelela eminyakeni emibili esikhathini esidlule, ngaphansi kwemithetho emidala, manje sebengakwazi ukwengeza iminyaka emihlanu , ngaleyo ndlela bazuze emkhawulweni omusha.
Okungafakwanga kanye nama-nuances: abangakwazi ukuzuza
Nakuba isivumelwano sinobubanzi obubanzi, kunemikhawulo ethile ebalulekile :
- Asebengenile basala ngaphandle. isimo sokuthatha umhlalaphansi noma baye baqashelwa njengokukhubazeka unomphela (yize okuhlukile kucatshangelwa emthethweni ezimweni eziqondile kakhulu).
- Ayisebenzi kuma-internship asevele ecashunwe kahle, noma ezikhathini ezenziwa ngaphandle kweminqamulajuqu emisiwe.
- Isicelo singenziwa kanye kuphela: khetha futhi ubhale phansi zonke izikhathi ezingase zibe khona ngaphambi kokuhambisa isicelo.
I-Social Security yeluleka ukuthi isicelo ngasinye sizobuyekezwa ngasodwa, ngakho-ke uma unemibuzo mayelana nanoma yimiphi imininingwane, thintana nomeluleki onolwazi noma uthinte Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sokuvikeleka Komphakathi ngokuqondile.
Izinzuzo nezibonelo ezingokoqobo zesilinganiso
Umphumela walesi sinyathelo ungaba muhle kakhulu kulabo abangafinyeleli umnikelo omncane, noma abafisa ukuthuthukisa impesheni yabo yesikhathi esizayo:
- Ivumela ukufinyelela ku- impesheni ejwayelekile lapho efinyelela ubuncane beminyaka eyi-15, okuhlanganisa nesipiliyoni se-internship esingakhokhelwa.
- Ngokungeza iminyaka nokwandisa isisekelo sokulawula, Imali yempesheni yanyanga zonke nayo izonyuka.
- Kungenzeka ukuthi ufinyelele eminyakeni engama-35-37 yeminikelo edingekayo ukuze uthathe umhlalaphansi ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala engama-67, into ebaluleke kakhulu uma kubhekwa izinguquko ezihlelelwe u-2027.
- Kwenza ngcono ukuvikelwa kwabantu abasha abake basebenza njengabaqeqeshwayo noma abafundi ngaphandle kokukhokha iminikelo yezokuphepha kwezenhlalakahle futhi manje sebengathola ukuqashelwa okufanele.
Isibonelo, uma umuntu enikele iminyaka eyi-13 kuphela futhi aqedele ama-internship amabili angakhokhelwa phakathi kuka-1998 no-2000, manje angakwazi ukwengeza leyo minyaka emibili ukuze afinyelele eminyakeni eyi-15 edingekayo futhi aqinisekise ilungelo lokuthola impesheni.
Kuthiwani uma ngingakwazi ukukhokha konke ngesikhathi esisodwa? Hlukanisa izinketho zokukhokha
Abantu abaningi bayazibuza ukuthi kuyimpoqo yini ukukhokha inani eliphelele leminikelo yezokuphepha komphakathi ebuya emuva ngesikhathi esisodwa. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi uhulumeni uvumela ukukhokha ngezitolimende , ngokuvamile kuze kufike ekukhokheni okungu-84 ngenyanga , konke nge-debit eqondile. Lolu hlelo lwenza kube lula kulabo abafuna ukusizakala ngalesi sinyathelo ukugwema ukukhokha imali enkulu ngesikhathi esisodwa, bevumelana nezimo zezimali ezahlukene.
Eminye imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nesivumelwano esikhethekile
Uma sengivele ngithole iminikelo yeminyaka eminingi ngaphansi kwemithetho yangaphambilini, ngingangeza eminye manje? Yebo, ungafinyelela eminyakeni emihlanu , noma ngabe uke wathola iminyaka emibili ngenxa yokukhushulwa kwezomthetho kwangaphambilini.
Kuthiwani uma ukuqeqeshwa kwami kwakuphesheya? Ungazuza futhi , uma nje kungaqinisekiswa yinhlangano yamazwe ngamazwe noma inyuvesi efanele futhi kuqashelwa ngesikweletu.
Ngingafaka isicelo sokubhaliswa kabusha izikhathi eziningana ezingaqhubeki? Yebo, uma nje zibhalwe kahle futhi ungadluli umkhawulo wezinsuku eziyi-1.825 sezizonke.
Ingabe ukukhokha le minyaka eyengeziwe yeminikelo kukunika ilungelo lokuthola izinzuzo zokungasebenzi? Cha , kubalwa kuphela ekuthatheni umhlalaphansi njalo. Akubalwa ekutholeni izinzuzo zokungasebenzi noma ekubaleni inani lezibonelelo zokungasebenzi ezitholakalayo.
Izinzuzo ezengeziwe namathiphu awusizo
Uma unethuba lokusebenzisa lesi sivumelwano esikhethekile, kungenza umehluko omkhulu empilweni yakho ngemva kokuthatha umhlalaphansi . Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokuthatha isinyathelo:
- Bhekisisa impilo yakho yezemfundo neyomsebenzi ukuze ungaphuthelwa yinoma yiziphi izikhathi.
- Cela zonke izitifiketi ngokushesha okukhulu, ikakhulukazi uma sekudlule iminyaka kusukela ekuqeqesheni kwakho umsebenzi.
- Xhumana nethuluzi lokulingisa le-Social Security noma ucele iseluleko ukuze uthole ukuthi liluthinta kanjani udaba lwakho oluthile.
- Khetha indlela yokukhokha efanele kakhulu futhi ulungiselele ukucubungula isicelo sakho ku-inthanethi, okuyindlela eshesha kakhulu okwamanje.
I-Social Security ilinganisela isikhathi sokulungiswa esingafika ezinyangeni ezingu-6 kusukela ngosuku lokuthunyelwa, nakuba ekusebenzeni singase sibe sincane uma imibhalo enikeziwe iphelele futhi inembile.
Futhi, uma uhlangabezana nezidingo, kungase kube ithuba lokuthuthukisa ikusasa lakho lempesheni. Ukusebenzisa lesi sisetshenziswa kungaba imininingwane eguqula umhlalaphansi wakho.