Amabhondi ayithuluzi lokutshala imali engenayo engaguquki elikhishwa ibhizinisi likahulumeni noma inkampani ukuze kutholwe uxhaso. Lesi sigaba sempahla empeleni siyisikweletu esikhishwe uhulumeni wesifunda noma inkampani ukuzama ukuthola uxhaso ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imali mboleko yasebhange. Zingenye yezimpahla eziphephe kakhulu njengoba zisinikeza imbuyiselo engaguquki, kodwa futhi zinezingozi zazo okufanele siziqaphele. Ngakho ake sibone ukuthi ayini amabhonasi nokuthi asebenza kanjani.
Ayini amabhonasi?
Amabhondi ayithuluzi lokutshala imali engenayo engaguquki elikhishwa ibhizinisi likahulumeni noma inkampani ukuze kutholwe uxhaso. Okusho ukuthi, lezi zimpahla ziyizikweletu esizithenga ezweni noma enkampanini. Indlela imakethe yebhondi esebenza ngayo ilula kakhulu, okhipha ibhondi uyavuma ukubuyisela imali ebolekiwe kumuntu othenge ibhondi ngosuku okwakuvunyelwene ngalo ngaphambili kanye nenzalo, engakhokhwa njalo noma idonswe emalini yokuqala. Ukukhishwa kwamabhondi kuvumela izikhungo zikahulumeni nezinkampani ukuthi zithole isamba esihle semali ezingeke zikwazi ukuzithola uma zizama ukucela imalimboleko kumabolekisi oyedwa. Ngale ndlela, ukukhishwa kwamabhondi kuvumela labo abawakhiphayo ukuthi bahlukanise inani lemali ebolekiwe libe izingxenye ezahlukene (amabhondi) kunoma ubani ofuna ukutshala kuwo.
Ikhasi lasekhaya le-Spanish Public Treasury. Umthombo: Tesoro.es.
Asebenza kanjani amabhonasi?
Nakuba kungase kubonakale kuyisigaba sempahla esinzima ukukuqonda, kulula kunalokho kubonakala. Okokuqala umtshali-zimali uthenga ibhondi futhi Okhiphayo uyavuma ukubuyisela imali etshaliwe ngenkokhelo eyodwa lapho kuphela isikhathi sebhondi., okuvunyelwane ngakho kusenesikhathi. Ngokuthenga ibhondi, okhipha ibhondi uyavuma ukukhokha inzalo yemali ebolekiwe. Lezi nzalo zivame ukukhokhwa ngendlela yamakhuphoni, asakazwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngale ndlela, umtshali-zimali uthola inzalo ngezikhathi ezithile futhi lapho kuphelelwa isikhathi sokubuyisela i-investimenti yakho yokuqala. Ake sithathe isibonelo ukuze sikuqonde kangcono. Uma sitshala ama-euro angu-10.000 kubhondi enobude beminyaka engu-5 esinikeza imbuyiselo engu-2%, okhipha ibhondi uzosikhokhela u-2% wemali etshaliwe. Uma leyo minyaka emi-5 idlula, sibuyisela utshalomali lwethu ngesigqebhezana sokugcina esisele ukuze siliqoqe. Kunjalo, kwezinye izimo inzalo ekhokhwa ngezikhathi ezithile ingase iguquguquke, uma kubhekwa ukuthi ingaba nezinkomba ezifana ne-Euribor njengereferensi.
Isibonelo sendlela amabhondi asebenza ngayo.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwamabhondi, izikweletu kanye nezibopho zikahulumeni?
I-Spanish State ikhipha amabhondi esikweletu njalo. Yebo, ukuqokwa kwalezi zindlela kuyehluka ngokwedethi yokuphelelwa yisikhathi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi akuwona kuphela amabhondi akhishwayo, kodwa nezikweletu nezibopho zoMgcinimafa womphakathi. Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zamabhondi ezikhishwa Umgcinimafa Womphakathi waseSpain:
- Izikweletu Zomgcinimafa: Yilokhu esingakubheka njengamabhondi esikhathi esifushane, anesikhathi esingangonyaka noma ngaphansi. Kusukela ku-State Spanish zikhishwa ngezikhathi ezithile ngemibandela esukela ezinyangeni ezintathu, eziyisithupha, eziyisishiyagalolunye neziyishumi nambili. Le Mithethosivivinyo ikhishwa ngesaphulelo (intengo yokutholwa ingaphansi kwenani lokuhlenga) noma ngeprimiyamu (inani lokutholwa likhulu kunentengo yokuhlenga).
- Amabhondi kahulumeni: Yilokhu esingakubheka njengamabhondi esikhathi esimaphakathi, anesikhathi esiphakathi kweminyaka emibili kuya kwemihlanu. Abatshalizimali bebhondi kahulumeni bathola izinkokhelo zenzalo ngezikhathi ezithile ngamakhuphoni angashintshi. Njengamanje, uMgcinimafa Womphakathi waseSpain ukhipha amabhondi asukela eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwemihlanu.
- Izibopho Zombuso: Yilokhu esingakubheka njengamabhondi esikhathi eside, anesikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka emihlanu. Njengoba sibonile ngamabhondi, izibopho zikahulumeni zikhokhwa ngezikhathi ezithile ngamakhuphoni angashintshi. Njengamanje uMgcinimafa Womphakathi waseSpain ukhipha amabhondi eminyakeni eyi-10,15, 30, 50 kanye nengama-XNUMX.
Isivuno sezikweletu zonyaka ongu-1, amabhondi weminyaka emi-3 kanye nezibopho zeminyaka eyi-10 zoMgcinimafa waseSpain. Umthombo: Tradingview.
Yiziphi izingcuphe ezihambisana nokutshala imali kumabhondi?
Amabhondi ayindlela enhle yokuthola imali engenayo ngoba avame ukuba yimali ephephile uma kuqhathaniswa. Kodwa, njenganoma yiluphi olunye utshalomali, banezingozi ezithile. Lezi ngezinye zezingozi ezivame kakhulu kulokhu kutshalwa kwezimali:
Amazinga enzalo.
Izilinganiso zenzalo namabhondi akuhambisani ncamashi, ngakho uma amanani enyuka, amabhondi avame ukwehla futhi okuphambene nalokho. Ingcuphe yezinga lenzalo ivela lapho amanani ashintsha kakhulu kunalokho obekulindelwe umtshali-zimali. Njengoba isimo sezilinganiso zenzalo sehla kakhulu, umtshali-zimali ubhekene nethuba lokukhokha kusengaphambili. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma izinga lenzalo likhuphuka, umtshali-zimali uzobambelela ekutshalweni kwezimali okuthela ngaphansi kwamazinga emakethe. Uma kunesikhathi eside sokuvuthwa, kuba nkulu ingcuphe yezinga lenzalo umtshali-zimali okufanele ayibekezelele, ngoba kuba nzima kakhulu ukubikezela intuthuko yemakethe yesikhathi esizayo.
Ikhredithi noma ezenzakalelayo.
Lobu bungozi buwuphawu olukhulu lwamabhondi ezinkampani kunamabhondi azimele. Ubungozi besikweletu noma ukungakhokhi kwenzeka lapho izinkokhelo zenzalo zingenziwanga njengoba kuvunyelwene. Uma ukutshalwa kwezimali kwenziwa ngamabhondi, okhiphayo kulindeleke ukuthi ahlangabezane nenzalo kanye nezinkokhelo eziyinhloko. Ngakho-ke, uma sinquma ukutshala imali kumabhondi ezinkampani, kufanele sihlaziye isimo senkampani eshiwo ukuze siqinisekise ukuthi iyahambisana nezinkokhelo zayo. Lokhu singakuqinisekisa ngokubuyekeza amaphepha ebhalansi enkampani okukhulunywa ngayo, lapho kufanele sibone ukuthi kokubili imali engenayo yokusebenza kanye nokuphuma kwemali kukhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nesikweletu enaso. Uma kuphambene nalokho, kufanele siqhelelane nalezo zibopho.
Okukhokhelwa kusengaphambili.
Ukukhokha kusengaphambili kungenye ingcuphe esiyisebenzisayo lapho sitshala imali kumabhondi. Lokhu kungase kwenzeke lapho ukukhishwa kwebhondi kukhokhwa ngaphambi kosuku lokuvuthwa ngohlelo lokuhlenga. Lokhu kungaba izindaba ezimbi kubatshalizimali ngoba inkampani inesisusa sokukhokha isibopho kusenesikhathi lapho amanani enzalo ehle kakhulu. Esikhundleni sokuqhubeka nokubamba utshalomali onenzalo ephezulu, abatshalizimali kufanele baphinde batshale imali yabo endaweni enenzalo ephansi.