Imali mboleko yendlu yimali mboleko eqinisekiswa yinani lempahla . Lokhu kusho ukuthi noma yisiphi isikhungo sezezimali sinikeza, sicubungula, futhi sinikeze imali mboleko ngenzalo ethile kanye nesiqinisekiso esisekelwe enanini lempahla, kulokhu, indlu, isakhiwo, noma indawo eyinkimbinkimbi.
Kuyaziwa nangokuthi umkhiqizo ibhange eliwunikeza amakhasimende alo, okuvumela ukuthi bathole isamba semali, kulokhu, "imali mboleko," ngokushintshana nokuzibophezela kweklayenti ekukhokheni le mali mboleko kanye nenzalo efanayo etholakala ngokukhokha njalo noma ngezitolimende. Ezinye izinhlobo zama-akhawunti zihlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zeziqinisekiso, kodwa lena, imali mboleko yendlu, inesiqinisekiso esengeziwe sempahla etholiwe.
Kunezici ezimbili eziyisisekelo zemali mboleko yendlu . Esokuqala yisivumelwano semali mboleko yendlu uqobo, esichaza izibopho zomboleki kanye nayo yonke imigomo yemali mboleko, okuhlanganisa izitolimende, uhlelo lokukhokha, kanye nemithwalo yemfanelo yomboleki. Isici sesibili yisiqinisekiso semali mboleko yendlu, okusho ukuthi uma umboleki ehluleka ukukhokha noma enqaba ukukhokha, umboleki angathatha impahla ebolekiwe.
Izici zemalimboleko yempahla ebanjiswayo, Amanani wenzalo
- Lolu hlobo lwemalimboleko, imalimboleko yempahla ebanjiswayo, izocabanga ukuthi njengabakweletayo ukuzibophezela okubaluleke kakhulu kwezezimali ngokuzayo, kubaluleke ngokukhethekile emigomeni emide futhi kubeka engcupheni yokulahlekelwa yimali, kanye nokuqinisekisa imali edingekayo yokuyithola.
- Uhlobo lwemalimboleko yempahla ebanjiswayo ivamise ukuba nenani eliphakeme ngaphezu kwesikhathi eside, njengoba lifaka imali eningi futhi nesiqinisekiso sibalulekile futhi sinenani elikhulu njenge-equity, i-good or real estate. Ngaphambi kokuthola isikweletu esikhulukazi, kuyadingeka ukuhlola njengomuntu okweletayo ubungozi kanye nokwenzeka kokuqeda lesi sikweletu, ngoba imali esinayo kufanele iphindaphindwe futhi yanele maqondana nesikweletu nokuzibophezela okufanele kuthathwe. Kunconywa ukuba nemali egciniwe yokuqala ehlanganisiwe kanye nemali engenayo ngaphambi kokuthatha umthwalo wokuba nemalimboleko yempahla ebanjiswayo.
Izinga lenzalo yizinkomba ezisetshenziselwa ukukala inzuzo yokuthenga noma yokuthengisa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Endabeni yezinga lenzalo yendlu, izinga lenzalo noma iphesenti liyiphesenti yenani eliphelele lemali mboleko noma utshalomali. Isikhathi sediphozithi noma ukukhokha sincike enanini lemali kanye nesikhathi sokukhokha; uma imali mboleko ingakhokhwa, ngeke kube khona inzalo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinga lenzalo libonisa iphesenti lemali ezoba yinzuzo, futhi esimweni semali mboleko, njengemali mboleko yendlu, imelela iphesenti lemali ekufanele ikhokhwe. Inzalo ivame ukubalwa minyaka yonke, yize ingabalwa nsuku zonke, nyanga zonke, kabili ngesonto, noma masonto onke. Izinga lenzalo lingalinganiswa njengesilinganiso senzalo noma njengesilinganiso sephesenti sonyaka (i-APR). Nakuba lokhu okubili kuhlobene, akufani. I-APR incike esivumelwaneni phakathi komboleki nomboleki, njengoba izinga lenzalo lemali mboleko lingahluka kuye ngemigomo yesivumelwano.
Inani lemalimboleko yempahla ebanjiswayo.
Kunezici eziningana ezinquma imikhawulo enanini lemali mboleko yendlu, kanye nenkokhelo etholakala kanye nesikhathi sokukhokha.
Esinye sezici yinani elilinganisiwe lempahla , elingadidaniswa nentengo yokuthenga kwayo. Kunezinkampani zokuhlola ezigunyaziwe ezinomsebenzi wokuhlola inani elilinganisiwe; lezi zinkampani zibhalisiwe futhi zigunyaziwe yiBhange laseSpain. Ngokwemvelo, imali mboleko yendlu ephezulu ayikwazi ukudlula u-100% wenani elilinganisiwe; nokho, ezinye izikhungo zezimali zinciphisa leli nani libe ngu-70% noma ngisho no-60% wenani elilinganisiwe.
Isici sesibili esinquma inani lemali mboleko yendlu yikhono lesikweletu somboleki. Izikhungo zezimali zenza ukuhlaziywa kwemali engenayo kanye nezindleko ukuze ziqonde kangcono izinkokhelo zanyanga zonke umfakisicelo angazikhokha ngokoqobo, noma izinkokhelo okuvunyelwene ngazo ngendlu. Ngokuvamile, inkokhelo yanyanga zonke ayidluli u-35% wemali engenayo yomfakisicelo ngemuva kwezindleko. Kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi kukhishwe imali encane engu-20% yenani eliphelele lendlu, ngaphezu kuka-10% wezindleko zendlu ezihambisanayo.
Izindleko ezibandakanyeka kwimalimboleko yempahla yempahla yilezi:
- Amanani wenzalo
- Izindleko ezihambisanayo.
- Amakhomishini
Amanani wenzalo.
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zamanani wenzalo:
- Imalimboleko yempahla ebanjiswayo ngenzalo engaguquki. Kule ndlela yokuziphatha, inani lenzalo alihlukile ngesikhathi okuvunyelwene ngaso semalimboleko yempahla, ngaphezu kwenkokhelo yanyanga zonke. Inzuzo ephawulekayo nesincoma ngayo le ndlela ukuthi inkokhelo yanyanga zonke izofana futhi izohlala injalo isikhathi sonke sethemu, kungakhathalekile ukuthi inzalo yemakethe inyuka noma yehla. Okubi ukuthi ukukhokhiswa kwemali kuncane kunezinga eliguqukayo.
- Izimalimboleko zempahla ebanjiswayo inzalo eguquguqukayo. Le ndlela yakhiwa ngokuya ngenani lenkomba yesethenjwa, kungahle kube njalo I-Euribor, kanye nokusabalala okungaguquki. Imali inenani elingabuyekezelwa kunani lenkomba ekhonjisiwe. Ubuhle nobubi balesi simo kulula ukuqondakala, njengoba inzalo inyuka imali izobe iphakeme, njengoba inzalo yehla imali izobe iphansi noma iphansi. Lokhu kuqinisekiswa ngesibonelo: uma i-Euribor ebhekiswe kwisemester iku-0,55% futhi umehluko ngu-2%, isiyonke isamba esingu-2,55% singakhokhwa unyaka nonyaka, kuze kube kubukezwa okulandelayo, ngaphezu kokuba ukubuyekeza minyaka yonke.
- Izimali mboleko imali ebolekwe exubile. Imvamisa zithandwa kakhulu. Ukufaka isilinganiso esinqunyiwe sengxenye yesikhathi sokukhokha nokusebenzisa inani lenzalo eguquguqukayo kuleso sikhathi esisele. Sincoma kakhulu lesi simo, ngenxa yokusebenza kwaso ngobuningi kanye nokusizakala kokuthi izilinganiso zethu zikhonjiswa nge-Euribor esikhathini sokwehla. Ngalokho kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukwenyuka nokuwa kwe-Euribor.
I-Euribor iyinkomba yokulinganisa yokubala izinkokhelo zenyanga zezindlu , esetshenziswa ezikweletini eziningi zezindlu eziguquguqukayo. NgoFebhuwari 2016, le nkomba yayimi ku-0,01%. Lokhu kusibonisa ukuthi, ukube besikhethe i-mortgage yezinga eliguquguqukayo, besizokhokha inkokhelo yanyanga zonke enenzalo engu-2.01% ngaleso sikhathi—isikhathi esihle sezindlu eziguquguqukayo zezindlu, akunjalo? Mhlawumbe ngoMeyi 2018, i-Euribor izoba ku--0,188%—yiba yijaji.
Izindleko ezihambisanayo.
Imali mboleko yendlu ihilela izindleko eziningana ezihlobene, okuhlanganisa:
- Izindleko zokulinganiswa kwempahla noma izindleko zokuhlaziya.
- Imali yokucubungula i-ejensi. Imvamisa imelela u-3% wenani elixhasiwe.
- Intela yokwenza ngokusemthethweni imali mboleko ngesiqinisekiso sokubambisa ngempahla.
- Izindleko zeRegistry Registry kanye ne-notary.
Amakhomishini Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ungathuthuka kanjani!
Kukhona okuzovulwa, amakhomishini wokuvula imvamisa ayiphesenti lemali ebolekwe yisikhungo sezezimali. Kukhona nezinxephezelo uma kwenzeka kukhishwa inani eliphelele noma elinqunyiwe (ukukhokha imali), kulokhu kungaba ukukhokha isikweletu ngaphambi kokuphela kwethemu. Izinxephezelo ezizokhokhiswa intela zivame ukulingwa njengoba unemali eyengeziwe noma imali engalindelekile, lokhu kungasetshenziswa ukukhokha isikweletu, yize lokhu kungavamile ukwenzeka njengoba isikhungo sezezimali senza ucwaningo lomfakisicelo noma iklayenti, ngaphambi kokunikeza imali mboleko, ubheke ukuthi ingakwazi ukukhokha isikweletu ngaphambili, ngemuva kwakho konke yingxenye enenzuzo yemalimboleko yempahla ebanjiswayo.
I-IRPH noma i-Euribor?
Zombili ziyizinkomba zokubhekisela zezitolimende, yize umehluko phakathi kwazo ukuthi i-Euribor isetshenziswa njalo ngenyanga futhi isetshenziselwa ezinye izinhlobo zemali mboleko ngaphandle kwesikweletu semali mboleko , ngohlobo lwemali mboleko yendlu, inkomba ye-IRPH ivame ukusetshenziswa, esetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukuthengwa kwezindlu nemali mboleko yalolo hlobo.
Yikuphi okungcono?
Sihlala sincoma ukuthi uhlale uqaphile izibikezelo zokwenyuka nokwehla kwe-Euribor , njengoba le nkomba yokulinganisa ivame ukuba nezinzuzo eziningi ezingenza noma ubani azizwe engaqiniseki ngokuyikhetha njengenketho engcono.
Ngaphandle kokuthi i-IRPH benchmark index inezinga elithile lokuzinza elibhekwa "njengelilungile", i-Euribor isinikeza amaconsi amahle, lolu udaba olungaphikiswana ngalo maqondana nokuthi hlobo luni lwezinzuzo esifuna ukuzithola kwizitolimende zethu zonyaka. ukukhokha kancane ngezikhathi ezithile bese uzibeka engcupheni yokukhokha imali eyengeziwe futhi? Noma sithanda ukuzinza okusisa emazingeni ahlukene wokuphakama kepha ngaphandle kokugxuma?