I-future market iwumkhiqizo wokutshalwa kwezimali okuphuma kokunye kwezezimali. Lezi zinhlobo zezimakethe zisivumela ukuthi siqagele mayelana nesiqondiso sesikhathi esizayo impahla engase ilithathe. Kodwa-ke, kufanele sazi ukuthi lezi zinhlobo zezimakethe zisebenza kanjani, ngoba zingasinika injabulo kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ake sibone ukuthi izimakethe zesikhathi esizayo ziyini nokuthi singazuza kanjani ngazo.
Iyini imakethe yekusasa.
I-future market iwumkhiqizo wokutshalwa kwezimali okuphuma kokunye kwezezimali. Kungenye indlela yokutshala imali esivumela ukuthi sithenge noma sidayise impahla yezezimali ngokuvumelana ngesikhathi nentengo yokusebenza. Kodwa-ke, kufanele ube nolwazi lwalolu hlobo lwezimakethe njengoba luhlukile ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile kwezimakethe zezimali. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi, isibonelo, inani lenkontileka yethu liyanqunywa ngesikhathi esisenza ngaso futhi kukhona ukulamula okungaba nomthelela emananini. Lokhu akusho ukuthi kufanele sigcine ukusebenza kuze kufike usuku okuvunyelwene ngalo, njengoba singavala isikhundla ngaphandle kokulinda usuku ngokukhokha ngentengo yemakethe.
Uyenza kanjani inzuzo emakethe yesikhathi esizayo.
Kungase kubonakale kuyinkimbinkimbi ekuqaleni, kodwa empeleni kulula kunalokho kubonakala. Izimakethe zekusasa zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthenga ama-stock indices, impahla noma i-cryptocurrencies. Ukuze sizibeke esimweni, izimakethe zesikhathi esizayo zithenga ngesikweletu, uma kubhekwa ukuthi impahla izokhokhelwa ngesikhathi esinqunywe ngaphambilini.
Imakethe yekusasa isebenza kanjani ngezibonelo.
Ukuze siqonde ukuthi iyini imakethe yesikhathi esizayo, kufanele siqonde imiqondo ebaluleke kakhulu mayelana nezimakethe zesikhathi esizayo futhi ikakhulukazi, izinkontileka zesikhathi esizayo, okuyizimpahla ezidayiswa kulolu hlobo lwezimakethe. Izivumelwano zesikhathi esizayo zenziwa phakathi kwabahlinzeki bemikhiqizo nabakhiqizi ukuze kubhekwane nokuntengantenga kwezimakethe. Lezi zinhlangano ezimbili zixoxisana ngalezi zinkontileka nomtshali-zimali othatha ubungozi obuhlobene nalezi zimakethe kanye nemivuzo engatholwa ngokuthatha ithuba lokuntengantenga.
Ukusebenza kwenkontileka yesikhathi esizayo.
Isibonelo, uma ipulazi likabhontshisi wesoya uthengisa ubhontshisi wesoya ngo-$1.000 ngebheyili (iyunithi kabhontshisi wesoya ekuhwebeni kwesikhathi esizayo) kubahlinzeki bayo kanye nomphakeli ithengiswa ngama- $1.500 futhi bobabili benza inzuzo kulawo manani, bazoba nentshisekelo ekunakekeleni lezi izindleko ezinemibandela engaguquki ngokusekelwe kumazinga enzalo angaguquki. Yilapho umtshali-zimali engena endaweni yesigameko, evuma ukuthi uma inani likabhontshisi wesoya liwela ngaphansi kwamazinga okuvunyelwene ngawo, unomthwalo wemfanelo wokukhokha umehluko kumkhiqizi wesoya. Kunjalo, uma intengo kabhontshisi wesoya ikhuphukela emazingeni okuvunyelwene ngayo, kunjalo umtshali-zimali ongakwazi ukugcina inzuzo yakhe. Kumphakeli kabhontshisi wesoya, uma inani likabhontshisi wesoya lidlula amazinga okuvunyelwene ngawo, umtshali-zimali ukhokha umehluko futhi umphakeli angathola ubhontshisi wesoya ngentengo eqashelwa kakhudlwana. Nokho, uma intengo kabhontshisi wesoya ingaphansi kwamazinga okuvunyelwene ngawo, umphakeli ukhokha inani elifanayo futhi umtshali-zimali ukhiqiza inzuzo.
Izinzuzo nezizathu zokutshala imali esikhathini esizayo.
Izimakethe ze-futures ziwumkhiqizo osinika izinzuzo ezihlukile kunezimakethe zendabuko. Ngaphezu kokuhlinzeka ngezimali ezimakethe, Lokhu kuvumela ukuthi kwenziwe imisebenzi ngezinga inzuzo ephansi enengozi ephansi, njengoba sinenkontileka esinika isiqinisekiso. Lena yindlela esikwazi ngayo ukukhiqiza inzuzo enkulu futhi sikwazi ukuphindaphinda imali yethu ngesikhathi esifushane. Nokho, ukulahlekelwa okungase kube khona esichayeka kukho kuyalingana nenzuzo esingayithola, yingakho kufanele siqaphele lezi zimakethe.
Ivolumu yokuhweba ye-Daily gold futures (GC). Umthombo: Iqembu le-CME.
Enye inzuzo yezimakethe zekusasa yi ububanzi bezimakethe itholakale kubatshalizimali. Izimakethe ze-futures zikhona emakethe yamasheya, indices, commodities noma cryptocurrencies. Ngokulandelayo, lezi zimakethe ziyalawulwa, okusinikeza isiqinisekiso esengeziwe uma kwenzeka kuba nephutha noma ezinye izehlakalo ezingezinhle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimakethe zesikhathi esizayo ze-Bitcoin (BTC) kanye ne-Ethereum (ETH) zisivumela ukuba sisebenzise ithuba. ukuvela kwemakethe Kwenzekani ngesikhathi kunezikhala ezidaleka kuvulwa izinkontileka ngo-12 ekuseni ekupheleni kwempelasonto.
Lapho kuthengiswa khona izimakethe zekusasa.
Izimakethe ze-futures zihwetshwa ngokuhwebelana kwesikhathi esizayo, njenge-Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) noma i-Intercontinental Exchange (ICE). Ngaphakathi kwazo, zonke izinhlobo zezinkontileka zesikhathi esizayo ziyathengiswa, njengalezo ezihlobene nezinhlobo zemali, amasheya, ama-indices, ama-cryptocurrencies noma imakethe yezinto ezingavuthiwe. Ukuze siqonde izimpawu zezinkontileka, kufanele sibheke incwadi kanye nenombolo yenkontileka. Izinhlamvu zimelela inyanga lapho inkontileka yesikhathi esizayo iphelelwa yisikhathi. Isibonelo, izinkontileka ze-ES ziphelelwa yisikhathi ngoMashi (H), Juni (M), Septhemba (U), nangoDisemba (Z). Inombolo esikhundleni salokho, imele unyaka wokuphelelwa yisikhathi.
Ishejuli yokuphelelwa yisikhathi yezinkontileka zesikhathi esizayo ze-S&P 500 Umthombo: Iqembu le-CME.
Ngesibonelo sangaphambilini, inkontileka ephela ngoSepthemba walo nyaka izoba "ESU23«. Lokhu kubonisa usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi kwenkontileka yesikhathi esizayo, lolu usuku lokugcina okungaxoxiswana ngalo. Uma kungenjalo, inkontileka izokhokhwa ngemali noma ukulethwa ngokomzimba kuzokwenziwa. Lolu suku lungahluka, kodwa njengomthetho ojwayelekile ziphelelwa yisikhathi ngoLwesihlanu lwesithathu lwenyanga yosuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi.