Ukuguqulwa kohlelo lwezimali lwesifunda olubekwe nguHulumeni akukakakwazi ukuveza ukuvumelana. I-Foundation for Applied Economic Studies (Fedea), ngomqondisi wayo, u-Ángel de la Fuente, ihlaziye uhlaka oluthunyelwe nguMnyango Wezezimali emiphakathini ezimele futhi iphetha ngokuthi umbhalo, njengoba ubhalwe njengamanje, ugcina ukudluliselwa okukhulu kwezinsizakusebenza kusuka kuHulumeni kuya emiphakathini ezimele, okungashiya uhulumeni ophakathi esimweni esibucayi futhi kubhebhethekise izinkinga zokuziphatha zezifunda.
Lo mbhalo, ozoxoxwa ngawo eMkhandlwini Wezinqubomgomo Zezimali Nezezimali (i-CPFF) ngoSepthemba 4, uhlanganisa izindlela eziningana okunengqondo yazo, okungenani, engabaza. Ngokusho kweFedea, ukwakheka kwezinxephezelo zesikhashana kanye nokuphathwa kwamandla akhethekile kuzozuzisa kakhulu iCatalonia , esimweni lapho izifunda eziningi, okuhlanganisa eziningana ezibuswa yi-PSOE, sezivele ziveze ukuphikisana kwazo.
Isimo esikhona njengamanje siyaqhubeka futhi sivimba ukuhlangana.
Esinye sezici ezigxekwa kakhulu yiFedea uhlobo lweSikhwama se-Status Quo, indlela eyenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi asikho isifunda esilahlekelwa yizinsiza ngokushintsha kwemodeli. Inkinga, ngokusho kokuhlaziywa, ukuthi lezi zinxephezelo ngeke zibe zesikhashana , kodwa zizobuyekezwa unomphela kusetshenziswa i-State Tax Revenue Index (ITE). Lesi sinqumo, uDe la Fuente uxwayisa, sinikeza uhlelo ukungabi namandla okuvimbela izikhundla ezihambisanayo zezifunda.
“Uma kungekho muntu ongalahlekelwa yindawo ethile, khona-ke akekho noyedwa ongazuza indawo,” kugcizelela isazi sezomnotho, okuvimbela ukwenza izinguquko ezidingekayo ngezizathu zokulunga. Isiphakamiso sikaFedea sihilela ukunciphisa ukusebenza kwalezi zinxephezelo kuze kube yiminyaka emihlanu , ngokunciphisa kancane kancane, kanye nokwabela izinsiza ezikhululekile ukuqinisa indlela yokulinganisa iyonke.
Ukunakekelwa kwempilo kanye nemfundo, yizona zinto ezilahlekela kakhulu
Okunye ukungafani okugqanyisiwe embikweni kuphathelene nokulinganiswa kwemali esetshenziswa kufomula yokusabalalisa. Ngenkathi uHulumeni ebeka u-38% kuHealthcare kanye no-20,5% kuMfundo, ukusetshenziswa kwemali kwangempela yimiphakathi ezimele kulezi zinto kufinyelela ku-48,3% kanye no-28,1%, ngokulandelana, ngokusho kwedatha ka-2023. Ngamanye amazwi, isabelomali esisalungiswa siveza ukushoda kwamaphuzu angaphezu kwayishumi amaphesenti emkhakheni wezempilo kanye nangaphezu kwayisishiyagalombili kwezemfundo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isisindo esibangelwa izinsizakalo ezijwayelekile ezihlobene nerejista kamasipala sifinyelela ku-30%, kuyilapho ukusetshenziswa kwemali kwangempela kule misebenzi kungama-15,6%. I-Fedea ibheka le nto njengenkulu kakhulu , cishe kabili lokho okudingekayo , futhi iphakamisa ukuthi incishiswe ibe ngu-15,15%, inyuse ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kube ngu-46,84% kanye nemfundo ibe ngu-27,27%.
Ngokusho kukaDe la Fuente, le fomula kufanele ibonise isakhiwo sangempela sezabelomali zesifunda, inciphise ukudluliselwa okunemibandela njengezimali zaseYurophu. Kungale ndlela kuphela lapho uhlelo lungafeza khona umgomo walo wokuvumelanisa izinsiza nezidingo zangempela zokusetshenziswa kwemali zesifunda ngasinye.
I-VAT eyengeziwe yemincintiswano eyingqayizivele, omunye umthombo wokungqubuzana
Lo mbhalo uphinde uveze ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi izifunda ezinamandla angalingani, njengamaphoyisa azo esifunda noma imisebenzi ethile yokwahlulela, zingakhetha ukudluliselwa okwengeziwe okungafika ku-90% we-VAT ukuze zixhaswe, esikhundleni sokudluliselwa kwamanje. Ngokusho kwe-Fedea, le ndlela izokwandisa ubunzima bohlelo futhi yenze ukuqhathanisa phakathi kwezifunda kube nzima kakhulu.
“Ukuvula umnyango wokuhlolwa okuhlukene kwezinsizakalo ezifanayo ezifundeni ezahlukene kuzolimaza kakhulu umqondo wokulingana wemodeli,” kuxwayisa ukuhlaziywa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ndlela izokwenza kube nzima ukuhlanganiswa kwalezi zinsizakalo esikhathini esizayo ohlelweni olujwayelekile ngefomula , okuqhubekisela phambili umehluko ekuhlolweni kwezindleko zangempela.
I-Fedea iphakamisa, esikhundleni salokho, ukuvuselela umqondo "we-VAT ehlangene ," lapho imiphakathi ezimele ndawonye ithatha izindleko zezepolitiki zokwenyuka kwentela ezidingekayo ukubhekana nezindleko ezikhulayo njengalezo ezihlobene nenani labantu asebekhulile. Le fomula, ithi, izohlinzeka ngokusobala okukhulu futhi ithuthukise ukuzibophezela.
Ukwenqatshwa kweningi kanye neshejuli elungisiwe
Ukuvunyelwa kwalolu shintsho, oluhlelelwe umhlangano we-Fiscal and Financial Policy Council ngoSepthemba 4, kubhekene nokuphikiswa okuvela emiphakathini eminingi ezimele , okuhlanganisa nezifunda ezinohulumeni be-socialist njengeCastilla-La Mancha ne-Asturias. I-Catalonia kanye ne-Canary Islands kuphela kuze kube manje eziveze ukusekela kwazo umbhalo, okuye kwaphikiswana ngawo mayelana nenqubo elandelwe, nezifunda eziningana ziphikisana ngokuthi azikatholi ulwazi olwanele lokuhlola umthelela wawo.
I-Fedea inxusa abantu ukuba bagweme ukusheshisa izinto futhi bafune ukuvumelana okubanzi phakathi kwamaqembu ezepolitiki nezifunda, iphawula ukuthi lesi siphakamiso, naphezu kwamandla nobuthakathaka baso, singaba yindawo enhle yokuqala izingxoxo ezingathi sína. Kodwa-ke, isikhathi sincane: uma ekugcineni samukelwa, imodeli entsha izoqala ukusebenza ngo-2027, kanye nokwenyuka okulinganiselwa ku-€20.975 billion emiphakathini ezimele.
Ukuguqulwa kohlelo lwezimali lwesifunda olulungiswa nguHulumeni, ngokusho kokuhlaziywa kweFedea, kunendawo enkulu yokuthuthukisa. Ukuqiniswa kwemigomo yesimo samanje, ukungabhekwa kahle kwemali esetshenziswayo kwezempilo kanye nemfundo, kanye nokudluliselwa okwengeziwe kwemali engenayo ye-VAT yamandla athile esifunda kudala imodeli eqhubekisela phambili ukungalingani okukhona futhi inikeze ukuphathwa okukhethekile eCatalonia. Ukuntuleka kokuvumelana, lapho iningi lezifunda likwenqaba, kuphakamisa ukungabaza ngokusebenza kombhalo kuMkhandlu Wezimali Nenqubomgomo Yezezimali olandelayo (CPFF), yize uHulumeni eqhubeka nenhloso yakhe yokuwuvuma ngaphambi kokuphela konyaka.