Ukuqala ibhizinisi eYurophu sekuzophela ukuba yisithiyo. IKhomishini yaseYurophu ifuna ukwenza lokhu kube ngendlela yokuthi noma yimuphi usomabhizinisi akwazi Setha inkampani emahoreni angu-48 kuphela, ngemali engaphezulu kwama-euro ayi-100 futhi engenayo imali encane yesabelo, kusetshenziswa izinqubo zedijithali kuphela futhi kusebenza kuyo yonke imakethe eyodwa.
Lolu shintsho luhambisana I-EU Inc., ifomu elisha lenkampani yaseYurophu elihlanganiswe nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi uhlelo 28, iphakheji yokulawula eyenzelwe ukuvumela izinkampani eNyunyaneni ukuthi ukusebenza ngohlaka olulodwa lwezomthetho lwenkampani esikhundleni sokuzivumelanisa nezinhlelo zezwe ezahlukene ezingu-27. Umgomo ucacile: ukunciphisa ubuholi, ukukhulisa izinga, nokuvimbela amaphrojekthi amasha kakhulu ukuthi athuthele e-United States noma kwezinye izimakethe ezisheshayo.
Iyini i-EU Inc futhi “umbuso 28” uquketheni?
Ikholi uhlelo 28 Iqanjwa igama layo ngomqondo wokudala uhlaka lwenkampani inombolo 28Ngaphezu kwemithethonqubo kazwelonke engu-27, noma iyiphi inkampani ingakhetha eyodwa ngokuzithandela. Lesi siphakamiso, esiphefumulelwe yizincomo zowayenguNdunankulu wase-Italy u-Enrico Letta kanye nombiko kaMario Draghi mayelana nokuncintisana, sifuna ukuze singene shí emakethe eyodwa yaseYurophu ukuqeda izithiyo zomthetho ezingadingekile.
Ngaphansi kwalolu hlelo, izinkampani ezikhetha i-EU Inc. zizoba ifomu elilodwa elisemthethweni elivumelanisiwe ye-European Union yonke. Lokhu kusho ukusebenza ngaphansi kwemithetho efanayo yenkampani noma ngabe ibhizinisi lisebenza emazweni amaningana, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokudala izinkampani ezingaphansi kwelinye izwe eliyilungu noma ukuqoka abameleli bendawo ukuze bafinyelele uxhaso lomphakathi noma bavule ama-akhawunti asebhange.
Izinkampani ezidalwe ngale ndlela zizoba nophawu lwazo oluhlukile: Zizofaka isijobelelo esithi “EU Inc.” egameni layo, njengelebula elivamile elibonakalayo kulo lonke i-bloc. Ngokwezibalo ezisetshenziswe yiBrussels, kungakapheli iminyaka eyishumi cishe u-10% wamabhizinisi amasha Bangakhetha lolu hlelo, okusho ukuthi kuzokwenziwa amashumi ezinkulungwane zemithethosisekelo minyaka yonke ngaphansi kwalolu hlelo.
Lesi siphakamiso asithathi indawo yemithetho yezentengiselwano kazwelonke futhi asichithi izakhiwo zezinkampani ezikhona ezweni ngalinye. Simayelana uhlaka olwengeziwe nolungazikhethela Inikezwa abasunguli abafuna ukucabanga ngebhizinisi labo ngezinga laseYurophu kusukela ngosuku lokuqala ngaphandle kokuboshwa yizinqubo ezahlukene endaweni ngayinye.
Setha inkampani emahoreni angu-48, ngama-euro ayi-100 futhi ngaphandle kwemali encane
Isici esiphawuleka kakhulu salolu hlelo yi- bathembisa ukukwazi ukufaka inkampani ye-EU Inc. zingakapheli amahora angama-48, ngezindleko ezingenakudlula Imali kanye nezindleko ezingama-euro ayi-100futhi ngaphandle kwesidingo semali encane yesabelo. Yonke inqubo izokwenziwa nge-elekthronikhi, ngaphandle kwamaphepha noma ukuvakashelwa mathupha.
IKhomishini yaseYurophu ifuna ukwenza ukuqala ibhizinisi kube lula njengokuvula i-akhawunti yasebhange yedijithali. Ukuze kufezwe lokhu, kuzosetshenziswa uhlelo olusha. uhlelo lwesitolo esisodwa oluku-inthanethi lokho kuzoxhumanisa ukubhaliswa kwezentengiselwano kuzwelonke kanye nezinye iziphathimandla ezifanele. Usomabhizinisi Kuzodingeka uthumele ulwazi lwakho kanye kuphela., kanye nezinhlangano ezahlukahlukene (ihhovisi lokubhalisa, ihhovisi lentela, ezokuphepha komphakathi, njll.) zizokwabelana ngazo ngaphandle kokucela amadokhumenti afanayo futhi.
Le ndlela isekelwe esimisweni sokuthi "kanye kuphela" IBrussels ithi idatha eyisisekelo yenkampani ifakwa epulatifomu kanye kuphela, bese isetshenziswa kabusha njengoba kudingeka. Ngale ndlela, inkampani entsha ingathola cishe lonke ulwazi oludingekayo ngesikhathi esifanayo. ukubhaliswa kwakho kurejista, i-NIF kanye nenombolo ye-VATukugwema ukuphinda amafomu noma ukunikeza amakhophi emibhalo efanayo ezinhlanganweni ezahlukene.
Emazweni lapho ukungenelela kwe-notarial kuphoqelekile ukuze kufakwe, i- Abameli bezomthetho bazoqhubeka nokusebenzisa izilawuli zabo zokuvimbelaKodwa ngemingcele: izenzo zabo kuzodingeka Kumelwe kuxazululwe zingakapheli amahora angu-48 futhi izindleko azikwazi ukudlula ama-euro ayi-100.Ngale ndlela umsebenzi wokuqapha osemthethweni uyagcinwa, kodwa inqubo ivinjelwa ukuthi inwetshwe amasonto noma ibize kakhulu ngokungadingekile.
Imakethe eyodwa engaqhekekanga kangako: isebenza kulo lonke i-EU nenkampani eyodwa
Enye yezinkinga ezinkulu ezitholwe yiKhomishini ukuthi, njengamanje, inkampani efuna ukukhula ngaphakathi kwe-EU ibhekene Izinhlelo zomthetho ezahlukene ezingu-27 kanye nezinhlobo zezinkampani ezingaphezu kuka-60Lokhu kuhlukana kudala izindleko ezengeziwe, ukubambezeleka kwamasonto noma izinyanga, futhi kubangela ukuthi amaphrojekthi amaningi ahluleke ukusabalala kwamanye amazwe noma ukufuna ngqo ukusabalala ngaphandle kweYurophu.
Nge-EU Inc., iBrussels iphakamisa ukuthi inkampani ingasungulwa kunoma yiliphi iLungu Lezwe futhi, kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, basebenza ngaphakathi kwemakethe eyodwa yonke ngaphansi kwe- uhlelo olufanayo lomthetho wenkampaniNgeke kube yimpoqo ukudala izinkampani ezingaphansi noma amagatsha angaphansi kwezinhlobo ezithile zikazwelonke ukuze anikeze izinsizakalo noma athengise imikhiqizo kwamanye amazwe.
Lokhu kuhumusha, isibonelo, ukuthi kungenzeka phatha imisebenzi yaseYurophu yonke kusuka ku-akhawunti eyodwa yasebhangengaphandle kokudinga izinsiza zezimali ezihlukene endaweni ngayinye, futhi ngenxa yalokho sikwazi ukwenza ngcono izimali zokusebenza kwenkampaniFuthi kwenza kube lula ukufinyelela kosizo lomphakathi kanye nezinhlelo zokuxhaswa ngezimali zaseYurophu, njengoba kungavunyelwa nge umuntu osemthethweni ofanayo futhi obonakalayo kulo lonke ibhulokhi.
IKhomishini inethemba lokuthi lolu hlaka olusha luzosiza Izinkampani eziningi zihlala futhi zikhula eYurophuEsikhundleni sokuthuthela e-United States ukuze kutholakale indawo yokulawula ebumbene kakhulu kanye nemakethe yezimali ejulile, umehluko wamanje uyabonakala: ngenkathi izinkampani zaseYurophu zine-30% yamalungelo obunikazi omhlaba wonke, i-EU ine-unicorns ezingamakhulu ambalwa kuphela uma kuqhathaniswa nezinkulungwane ngaphesheya kwe-Atlantic.
Kuthiwani ngezintela, imithetho yezabasebenzi, kanye namalungelo abasebenzi?
Elinye lamaphuzu lapho iBrussels ifune ukucaca khona ububanzi bangempela be-EU Inc., uhlobo olusha lwenkampani. Ayishintshi umthetho wentela noma umthetho wezabasebenzi wamazwe angamalunguIntela kanye nokuvikelwa kwabasebenzi kuzoqhubeka nokulawulwa yimithetho kazwelonke lapho umsebenzi wenziwa khona ngempela.
Ezindabeni zentela, Inkampani izokhokha intela yenkampani ngokuya ngendawo lapho ukuphathwa kwayo okuphumelelayo kutholakala khona kanye nalapho yenza khona imisebenzi yayo yezomnotho, kanye nasemazweni lapho inesakhiwo sayo esihlala njalo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, Abantu bazokhokhiswa intela ngaphansi kwe-Personal Income Tax (IRPF) lapho beyizakhamuzi zentela.Njengakuqala. Lesi siphakamiso sigcizelela ukuthi inhloso akuyona ukushintsha indawo yomthwalo wentela, kodwa ukuvumelanisa imithetho eyisisekelo yenkampani.
Endaweni yokusebenza, imithetho esebenzayo izonqunywa yi- izwe lapho isisebenzi sinikeza khona izinsizakalo zasoKungakhathaliseki ukuthi inkampani i-EU Inc. yasungulwa kuliphi izwe eliyiLungu, uma isisebenzi sisebenza eSpain, sizoqhubeka sivikelwe ngumthetho waseSpain, izivumelwano zokuxoxisana ngokubambisana, kanye namalungelo aso okuhlanganyela ezinhlanganweni zenkampani, lapho zikhona khona. IKhomishini igcizelela ukuthi Le ndlela ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa ukugwema amalungelo abasebenzi. eyaziwa ezweni lonke.
Ezinye izinyunyana kanye nezinhlangano zabasebenzi ziye zaxwayisa ngengozi yokuthi ezinye izinsimbi eziklanywe kabi zingase zigcine zingasebenzi. isebenza njengendlela emfushane yokunciphisa izindleko zabasebenzi noma amazinga aphansi omphakathi. IKhomishini iphendula ngokuthi lesi siphakamiso sihlanganisa izivikelo kanye nohlu lwemikhuba engavunyelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinkampani ze-EU Inc. zithola ukuphathwa okufanayo futhi zigcwalisa izibopho ezifanayo njengenkampani kazwelonke ezweni ngalinye lapho zisebenza khona.
Ukwenziwa kwedijithali okuphelele: kusukela ekuphathweni kwansuku zonke kuya ekuxazululeni
Lesi sinyathelo asigcini nje ngesikhathi somthethosisekelo. Isikhundla seBrussels sithi yonke impilo yebhizinisi idijithali ngokuzenzakalelayoKusukela ekusebenzeni kwayo okuvamile kuya ezinqubweni zezimali, ukwanda kwemali, ukudluliselwa kwamasheya, noma, lapho kufanele khona, ukuthengiswa kwempahla kanye nokuntuleka kwezimali. Lokhu kuzofaka amathuluzi anjenge Isofthiwe ye-ERP ukuphatha imisebenzi kanye nokubalwa kwezimali ngendlela efanele.
Empeleni, lokhu kuzosho ukuthi Ukungenelela kwabalamuli ngeke kube yimpoqo —njengabameli bezivumelwano— ekuthengiselaneni kwemali kanye nasekudluliselweni kwamasheya. Abasunguli noma ozakwethu bangabasebenzisa uma bebona kufanele, kodwa imfuneko esemthethweni yokuba khona kwabo ekuthengiselaneni okuningi okusaqhutshwa ephepheni nangokuqokwa mathupha iyasuswa, okungenza kube lula ukufinyelela imali mboleko ngaphandle kwephepha ukuxhasa ngezimali ukuqala ibhizinisi.
IBrussels ifuna nokuthi, uma kudingeka, Ukuvala ibhizinisi akufanele kube inqubo ende, ebizayo, futhi engacacile.Ku-EU Inc., kuhlelwe inqubo elula yokungakwazi ukukhokha izikweletu, ngokusekelwe ezindinganisweni ezicacile—njengokungakwazi ukukhokha izikweletu—futhi icutshungulwe kusukela amafomu ajwayelekileUkumelwa kwezomthetho kuzoba ngokuzithandela, futhi ukuxhumana phakathi kwegunya elifanele, umphathi wokwehluleka ukukhokha izikweletu kanye nezinhlangothi kumele kwenziwe ngokuphelele nge-elekthronikhi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi amazwe angamalungu aqalise amapulatifomu endalini yedijithali ukuthengisa izimpahla zenkampani, okungenani uma kwenzeka izinkampani ezintsha, ukuze ukuguqulwa kube yimali kube lula futhi kube sobala. Uhlu lwezimangalo ezilethwe ngumphathi wokwehluleka ukukhokha izikweletu noma okweletayo luzobhekwa njengolwamukelwe ngokuzenzakalelayo, ngaphandle uma umbolekisi ephikisa ngokucacile, ngenhloso yokuthi gwema ukubambezeleka okungadingekile ekupheleni kwenqubo.
Izinkampani ezintsha, izinkampani ezintsha kanye nezinkampani ezikhulayo: obani abazuza kakhulu
Nakuba i-EU Inc. izovulekela zonke izinhlobo zezinkampani, lesi siphakamiso sihloselwe ikakhulukazi izinkampani ezintsha nezikhula kakhuluIKhomishini ifune ukusungula isethi yezincazelo ezifanayo ukuze kuncishiswe ukusabalala kwamanje kwezindlela zokuhlola phakathi kwamazwe kanye nokwenza kube lula ukuhlonza la maphrojekthi lapho kunikezwa ukwesekwa kanye nokuxhaswa ngezimali.
Kucatshangwa inkampani entsha kulokho okubiza izindleko zocwaningo nentuthuko okungenani 10% wezindleko zayo zokusebenza eminyakeni emithathu edlule, noma u-5% wemali engenayo yabo iyonke. Izinkampani ezakha ubuhlakani obufanele obunengozi enkulu yokwehluleka kwezobuchwepheshe noma kwezentengiselwano nazo zizowela kulesi sigaba, noma ngabe azikaqoqi lelo zinga lokutshalwa kwezimali.
Kuleli qembu, izinhlobo ezimbili ezibalulekile zingahlukaniswa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuqalisa okusha, ichazwa njengenkampani entsha ene abasebenzi abangaphansi kwe-100, i-turnover yonyaka noma i-balance sheet engaphansi kwama-euro ayizigidi eziyi-10 kanye neminyaka engaphansi kweyi-10 yokusebenza. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i- ukukhuliswa okusha, egcina ubuntu bayo obusha kodwa isivele idlule lowo sayizi: ine-turnover noma i-balance sheet edlula izigidi eziyi-10, ikhule ngenzuzo noma abasebenzi okungenani ngo-20% eminyakeni emibili edlule futhi iqasha izinkampani ezingabhalisiwe ezingaphansi kuka-750.
Kulezi zinkampani, uhlaka olusha luhlinzeka izinqubo zokuqeda ezilungiselelwe kalulaAmathuba okuzuza kusenesikhathi ezinqubweni zedijithali ezilula kanye nelebula elibonakalayo iKhomishini ngokwayo efuna amabhange omphakathi njengeBhange Lotshalomali laseYurophu kanye nezinye izikhungo ze-EU zilisebenzise. Umqondo uwukuthi isimo "senkampani entsha" sizoba indinganiso yokusebenza evamile kulo lonke elaseYurophu.
Ukufinyelela ezimalini, amasheya, kanye nezinhlelo zokukhuthaza abasebenzi
Enye insika ye-EU Inc. Ukuthuthukisa ukuxhaswa ngezimali kwebhizinisi nokuthuthukisa ukukhanga kohlelo lwe-European kubatshalizimali kanye namakhonoLesi siphakamiso sibeka ukuthi imisebenzi yokuxhasa ngezimali izocutshungulwa ngedijithali ngokuzenzakalelayo nokuthi ukudluliselwa kwamasheya kuzokwenziwa kube lula, kuncishiswe ubuholi kanye nezikhathi zokulinda. Kulesi simo, kufakwe izinyathelo zokwenza kube lula imali mboleko yokudala inkampani yakho yokuqala kanye nezinye izindlela zokusekela ngezimali.
Amazwe Angamalungu azoba nendawo yokwenza lokho ukuvula ithuba lokuthi izinkampani ze-EU Inc. zifakwe ohlwini lwe-stock exchange noma ukufinyelela izimakethe zemali ezithile, besebenzisa lesi sakhiwo esivumelanisiwe njengekhadi lokubiza. IBrussels inethemba lokuthi uphawu lwe-EU Inc. luzosebenza, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemakethe yemali eyodwa, ukuze kube lula ukufinyelela ezinsizeni zezimali okwamanje ezigxile kakhulu kwezinye izikhungo zomhlaba wonke.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, bethulwa izinsiza ezinhlelweni zezinketho zesitoko sabasebenziUmqondo uwukuthi labo abathola ingxenye yesinxephezelo sabo ngesimo samasheya ngeke kudingeke bakhokhe intela ngokushesha, kodwa kuphela uma bethengisa lawo masheya futhi bethola inzuzo. Lokhu kuhlose ukuvumela izinkampani zaseYurophu ukuthi ncintisana kangcono ukuze uthole ithalenteenikeza izinhlelo zokukhuthaza eziseduze nalezo esezivamile ohlelweni lobuchwepheshe lwase-US.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-EU Inc. ivumela abasunguli khipha izinhlobo ezahlukene zamasheya ngamalungelo ahlukene ezomnotho noma okuvota. Phakathi kwamanye amathuluzi, kungenzeka ukusungula amasheya anamalungelo amaningi okuvota noma ukwenza ukudluliselwa kwamasheya kube ngokwemibandela yenkampani ngokwayo. Lawa mafomula ahlose ukuvikela abasunguli benkampani ekuthathweni kwezinkampani okunonya okungenzeka, okuvumela ukungena kwabatshalizimali abasha ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukulawula.
Abameli bezomthetho, izinkantolo ezikhethekile kanye nendima yamazwe angamalungu
Imodeli entsha inemiphumela eqondile emisebenzini nasezinhlakeni ezikhona, ikakhulukazi emazweni afana neSpain, lapho Abameli kanye nababhalisi bebelokhu bedlala indima ebalulekile ngokomlando ekudalweni nasekuguqulweni kwezinkampani. IKhomishini iyawuqaphela lo msebenzi, kodwa iwubeka esimweni esihlukile: izilawuli ezizoqhubeka zikhona, kodwa kunqunyelwe izindleko nesikhathi, futhi kuhambisane neziteshi ze-elekthronikhi eziphoqelekile.
Ukuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa kwemithetho njalo, iBrussels incoma ukuthi amazwe angamalungu khetha izinkantolo ezikhethekile zezinkampani ze-EU Inc.Lezi zinhlangano zizoba nomthwalo wemfanelo wokusingatha izingxabano eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ezihlobene nalolu hlobo lwenkampani, ngenhloso yokugwema izithiyo, ukuthuthukisa ukuhambisana kwezinqumo kanye nokuqoqa ulwazi oluthile olusiza ekuchazeni okuzinzile kwesibalo esisha.
IKhomishini iyazi ukuthi akusikho okokuqala kuzanywa into efanayo. Ngo-2004, kwasungulwa uhlobo lwenkampani yaseYurophu olwalungasatholakali kalula futhi namuhla luqukethe amacala ayizinkulungwane ezimbalwa kuphela. Kulowo mcimbi, i- imali encane kakhulu —ngokulandelana kwama-euro ayi-120.000— futhi ingqalasizinda yedijithali yayingakathuthukiswa njengoba injalo manje. Kulokhu bakhethe susa isidingo semali esincane futhi sisekele isinyathelo sezinhlelo ze-elekthronikhi esezisebenza kakade.
Naphezu kokungabaza kokuqala okuvela kwabanye abathintekayo—njengabameli abathile noma izinyunyana ezithile ezikhathazekile ngemiphumela emibi engaba khona—iKhomishini iphikelela ngokuthi lokhu kuyiqiniso "Umthetho ohlakaniphile, hhayi ukususwa kwemithetho"Izifundazwe zizogcina ikhono eliphelele kwezentela, ubudlelwano bezisebenzi noma ukuvikelwa komphakathi, kodwa zicelwa ukuthi zisebenzisane ekuqalisweni kwalolu hlelo olwengeziwe, okuhlanganisa nokutshalwa kwezimali kumapulatifomu edijithali futhi, lapho kungenzeka khona, ezinhlanganweni ezithile zobulungiswa.
Umthelela olindelekile ebhizinisini laseYurophu kanye nezikhathi zokuqaliswa kwalo
Isiphakamiso se-EU Inc. sihambisana nesu elibanzi lokwenza Ukuqinisa ukuncintisana kwaseYurophu futhi kuncishiswe igebe nezinye iminotho ethuthukile. Namuhla, cishe [inani] liyadalwa minyaka yonke Izinkampani ezingama-600.000 e-European UnionKodwa-ke, eziningi zithatha amasonto noma izinyanga ukuqeda izinqubo, futhi zimbalwa kakhulu ezikwazi ukukhula ngokushesha ngale kwemingcele yezwe.
Ngokusho kwezilinganiso ezethulwe yiKhomishini, phakathi nesikhathi seminyaka eyishumi uhlelo olusha lungaholela izinkampani ezengeziwe ze-EU Inc. ezingafika ku-300.000, ekwazi ukukhiqiza cishe Imisebenzi eyizigidi eziyi-1,6Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kulindeleke ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yezinkampani ezintsha ezicabanga ukwanda e-United States izothola izikhuthazo ezengeziwe zokuthi ukugcina nokukhula emakethe yaseYurophu.
Isinyathelo siphendula ngqo ezixwayisweni zocingo Umbiko we-DraghiUmbiko ugcizelele isidingo esiphuthumayo sokwenza kube lula ukukhula nokufinyelela imali yezinkampani ezintsha eYurophu. Ukuze kufezwe lokhu, kudingeke ukuba kube nezithiyo ezimbalwa zezwe, ukuhlanganiswa okukhulu kwezezimali, kanye nendawo ecacile kubatshalizimali. I-EU Inc. ihlose ukufaka isandla esibalulekile kule nkinga ngokunciphisa ukuhlukana kwemithetho nokuthumela uphawu lokuzinza komthetho kwesikhathi eside.
Ngokuphathelene nesikhathi, imithetho ehlongozwayo manje kuzodingeka ixoxwe futhi ixoxiswane ngayo yi- IPhalamende laseYurophu futhi i UMkhandlulapho ohulumeni bamazwe angamalungu bemelelwe khona. IKhomishini izibekele umgomo wokufinyelela esivumelwaneni. ngaphambi kokuphela kuka-2026ukuze uhlelo luqale ukusebenza ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho. UMongameli u-Ursula von der Leyen ngokwakhe uye walwela ukuzivikela kwalo, egcizelela ukuthi kuyindaba isinyathelo esibalulekile esibheke emakethe eyodwa yangempela kusukela manje kuze kube sekupheleni kweminyaka eyishumi.
Uma ekugcineni ivunywa ngokwemigomo ehlongozwayo, i-EU Inc. ingashintsha kakhulu indlela amabhizinisi asebenza ngayo eYurophu: Dala inkampani emahoreni angu-48, ngama-euro ayi-100 futhi ngaphandle kwemali encane Bekungasoze kwaba yisiqubulo futhi kube yindlela yangempela kunoma yimuphi umsunguli, ngephuzu elilodwa lokungena ledijithali, imithetho yezinkampani ezivamile kuwo wonke amazwe angamalungu angu-27, kanye nezinqubo ezilula zokukhula nokuvala nokuqala kabusha, konke ngaphandle kokushintsha izinsika zezimali nezabasebenzi ezigcinwa yizwe ngalinye endaweni yalo.
