I-Ibex 35, inkomba yesitoko se-benchmark yaseSpain, ingenye yezinkampani ezenza kabi kakhulu kulo nyaka, esezizophela. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-Ibex 35 ikhule cishe ngo-9% unyaka nonyaka. Le nzuzo akufanele ithathwe kancane uma kubhekwa unyaka onzima izimakethe zamasheya eziwubonile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimakethe zesitoko zomhlaba wonke zibone ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu, ziqoqa inzuzo engaphezu kuka-10%, futhi kwezinye izimo zize zifinyelele ku-20%.
Kulesi simo esijwayelekile, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ezinye izimakethe zamasheya eYurophu ziqongelele inzuzo emangalisayo. Lokhu kunjalo ngemakethe yamasheya yaseRussia , eye yabona ukwanda okungu-40%, nakuba kulokhu kungenxa yokwenyuka kwentengo kawoyela ongahluziwe, njengoba imakethe yaseRussia ixhumene kakhulu nale mpahla ebaluleke kakhulu. Okwamanje, izimakethe ezinkulu zamasheya ziye zabhekana nokukhula okusukela ku-10% kuya ku-15%, okudlula ukusebenza kwenkomba yamasheya ye-benchmark yaseSpain.
Ngenkathi kwenzeka okuphambene nalokho, kuphela ukuhwebelana kwamasheya ePortugal nakwamanye amazwe aseMpumalanga Yurophu okuye kwaba nokusebenza okubi kakhulu kune-Ibex 35. Kwezinye izimo ngokukhula kwamaphesenti ambalwa kuphela futhi lokho kusebenza ukwazisa nokuhlaziya iphepha lokulingana kwethu emakethe. Kunoma ikuphi, imakethe yamasheya kuzwelonke ijezisiwe ezinyangeni ezedlule ngokungabi bikho kukahulumeni nokungaqiniseki okwenziwe ngesicelo sokhetho lukazwelonke olusha. Ukuchaza ukusebenza kwezimakethe zasekhaya kulesi sikhathi esihlaziyiweyo.
Amaphuzu we-Ibex angaphezu kwama-9.000
Into ebalulekile okwamanje ukuthi inkomba yesitoko yaseSpain esezingeni elifanele, i-Ibex 35, ihlala ingaphezulu kwamaphuzu abalulekile angu-9.000. Empeleni, lokhu kusho ukuthi ayikafiki ezingeni eliphansi , yize ngokungangabazeki idlala ngayo njalo. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi ihwebe ngaphansi kwala mazinga, kwaze kwaba seqophelweni lokuxosha inani elikhulu labatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi emakethe yamasheya.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuthi imakethe yamasheya yaseSpain ithinteke kabi kakhulu kunezinye ngenxa yezici eziningana zezepolitiki, eziye zaphazamisa ukusebenza kwayo kuze kube manje. Kulokhu, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-General Council of Economists (CGE) ilinganisela ukuthi ukungaqiniseki kwangaphakathi okubangelwa ukuntuleka kukahulumeni eSpain kunciphisa ukukhula komnotho ngamaphesenti afinyelela kwayisithathu. Okwamanje, imakethe yamasheya yaseSpain ibilokhu ihweba phakathi kwamaphuzu angu-9.000 no-9.400 kusukela ngoJuni odlule.
Ukwanda okuphansi kune-European
Kunoma ikuphi, into eyodwa icacile: ezinye izindawo zokushintshanisa amasheya zaseYurophu zigcina imingcele yokuxhumana eyanelisayo ukuze kuzuze abatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi, futhi lokhu kuyiqiniso cishe unyaka wonke wokuhweba. Okuhlukile yimikhakha embalwa eqondile kakhulu, njengomkhakha kagesi, ohlobene kakhulu nokusebenza kwe-Ibex 35. Kulokhu, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izinkampani ezinhlanu zibhalwe ohlwini lwemakethe yamasheya yaseSpain, ngaphezu kwezinye izindawo zokushintshanisa ezinkulu eYurophu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lokhu bekulokhu kunjalo eminyakeni emihlanu edlule, ngaphandle kwezimbalwa nje ezimfushane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukwehla kwentengo akubonakali kangako kunasezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe zaseYurophu. Kuze kube yilapho umuntu ezibuza ukuthi bekungeke yini kube ngcono ukutshala imali kulezi zimakethe ukuze kwandiswe inzuzo emalini yokutshalwa kwezimali, lapho inzuzo ingathuthukiswa cishe ngo-2% kuya ku-5% . Lokhu kuza ngezindleko zokukhokha imali yokuphatha nokulungisa ephezulu, kanye nenkokhelo eyengeziwe engaba ngu-25%.
Ukuthembela ebhange
Uma kukhona into eyodwa echaza amasheya aseSpain, ubudlelwano bawo obuqinile nomkhakha wezezimali, okusho ukuthi ukulahlekelwa ku-index yemakethe yamasheya ekugcineni kukhulu uma amabhange ehamba phambili ekuweni komkhakha. Lesi simo sivele njalo futhi ngokungangabazeki sinciphise okulindelwe ngabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi abaye bakhetha le makethe yaseYurophu. Kube futhi esinye sezizathu ezenza i-Ibex 35 yenze kahle uma iqhathaniswa nomakhelwane bayo abaseduze.
Esinye isici esidinga ukuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe ukuncika okukhulu kwamasheya aseSpain ezimakethe zamasheya aseLatin America, ikakhulukazi lawo ase-Argentina, eBrazil, naseMexico . Lokhu kuncika ngokweqile ngezinye izikhathi kuye kwaholela ekutheni inkomba yamasheya ebhentshini laseSpain iphambuke ezimakethe zayo ezibaluleke kakhulu ezwenikazi. Lokhu kungqubuzana kuye kwaphawulwa ngabahlaziyi bezezimali abaningi, kwaze kwaba yilapho sebefinyelele amazinga acishe abe yiphesenti elilodwa esikhathini esisodwa sokuhweba—isilinganiso esikhulu kakhulu samazwe angaphansi kwe-European Union.
Ukwehluka okungama-20% nabaseMelika
Kodwa akumelwe sikhohlwe iqiniso lokuthi izinkomba zemakethe yamasheya yaseYurophu naseMelika ziqongelele imbuyiselo enamadijithi amabili , kwezinye izimo zisondela ku-20%. Okusho ukuthi, ziphakeme kunezethu, futhi kwezinye izimo zinomehluko omkhulu impela. Nakuba lokhu kudinga ukushintshaniswa kwemali kuzo zonke izinkokhelo, ngezindleko ezihlobene ezingafinyelela ku-2% noma ku-3% wemali etshalwe ekusebenzeni kwemakethe yamasheya ngayinye.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuhlala kukhululeke ngokwengeziwe ukukhetha izimakethe zasekhaya kanye nokukhululeka kwabo ukukhomba amasheya amaningi avela kuyo yonke imikhakha yamasheya. Lapho singakwazi khona ukwenza imisebenzi ibe semthethweni, hhayi nje ngefomethi yayo eku-inthanethi kepha futhi nasemagatsheni asebhange noma ngisho nasocingweni oluphathekayo. Njengoba nje senze kwaze kwaba yiminyaka embalwa edlule.
Khetha imali engenayo yaseYurophu
Kodwa-ke, kuhlale kukhona inketho yokuphendukela kwenye yezinkomba eziningi ezitholakalayo kuleli zwekazi, ikakhulukazi ngezimali zokutshalwa kwezimali ezisekelwe kumasheya aseYurophu. Lezi zimali zivumela abatshalizimali ukuthi bamelelwe kumasheya aseYurophu ngaphandle kokuvezwa ngqo emakethe yamasheya, futhi akudingeki babheje kumasheya athile ngoba bazotshala imali yabo ezinkampanini ezimele kakhulu e-Eurozone.
Inkinga enkulu ukuthi abanikazi balo mkhiqizo wezezimali abakwazi ukufeza ngokugcwele noma yiziphi izinzuzo zemali ezingaba khona ezidalwe yimakethe yamasheya yaseYurophu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindleko zokuphatha nokugcina, kanye namakhomishini, ziphakeme kunalezo ezihlotshaniswa nokutshala imali emakethe yamasheya yaseSpain. Ezimweni ezithile kakhulu, lezi zindleko zingafinyelela ku-3%. Lokhu kuphakamisa umbuzo wokuthi abatshalizimali bezitolo bangakwazi yini ukukhokhela lezi zindleko eziphakeme uma kungadingeki ngempela. Umtshalizimali ngamunye kuzodingeka athole ikhambi lale nkinga engaba khona.
Izimakethe ezivelayo: izingozi eziningi
Ukutshala imali ezimakethe ezisafufusa kuyindaba ehluke ngokuphelele. Abanye abaphathi bezimpahla, nakuba bengakabi baningi, baqalise izimali zezabelo ezitshala imali ezimakethe zaseBrazil, Russia, India, kanye naseShayina . Lezi zimali zisekelwe ekwakheni iphothifoliyo yamasheya ezinkampanini ezinkulu ezivela kula mazwe futhi zihlose ukukhiqiza imbuyiselo ngokusekelwe emandleni okukhula kwezinkampani ezikulezi zindawo zezwe. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela ihloselwe iphrofayili enobungozi obukhulu kanye nomkhawulo wokutshalwa kwezimali wesikhathi esiphakathi kuya kweside weminyaka emibili kuya kwemihlanu.
Kwezinye izimo banenkinga enkulu yokuthi kufanele babhalise ngamadola esikhundleni sama-euro, kodwa futhi kwezinye izimo ukubhaliswa okuncane akuphezulu kakhulu, phakathi kwama-2.000 no-15.000 amadola, angenza lo mkhiqizo ufaneleke. Ingxenye enkulu amakhaya. Okusiza kakhulu ekunikezeni izinkontileka ngukuthi ivumela abasindisayo ukuthi bathathe izikhundla ezimakethe ezisafufusa ngaphandle kokwenza imisebenzi yokuthenga nokuthengisa edingwa yiphansi lamazwe abo, futhi lokho ngokungangabazeki imele enye inkinga yomsebenzisi wezezimali ayijwayele ukusebenza kulezi zimakethe zomhlaba jikelele. Umkhawulo oweqisayo ngempela wamazwe angaphansi kwe-European Union futhi ongakhetha ukutshalwa kwezimali kolunye uhlangothi noma kolunye.