Inzuzo emaphakathi kumadiphozithi asebhange ezinyanga eziyishumi nambili icishe ibe ngu-0,16%, ngokusho kwedatha yakamuva evela eBhange laseSpain. Lesi silinganiso senzalo esiphansi kakhulu siwumphumela wesinqumo seziphathimandla zezimali ze-European Union sokwehlisa amazinga enzalo endaweni ye-euro. Leli cebo liholele ekutheni lo mkhiqizo wezezimali ungabi nenzuzo enkulu eminyakeni yamuva nje. Ukuze uwandise, amabhange ngeke abe nokukhetha ngaphandle kokuthola uhlobo olusha lwediphozithi oluwavumela ukuthi anqobe imingcele yamanje yokungenelela.
Enye indlela enjalo idiphozithi yemali yangaphandle, okuyileyo etholakala ngezimali ezingezona i-euro . Lokhu kufaka phakathi idola laseMelika, i-Swiss franc, i-Danish krone, noma ngisho ne-yen yaseJapan. Nakuba lokhu kunganikeza imbuyiselo ephezulu, izingozi ezihilelekile nazo zinkulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imbuyiselo incike esilinganisweni sokushintshana phakathi kwemali ekhethiwe kanye ne-euro, futhi umphumela awuhlali ulungele abatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi.
Le mikhiqizo yokonga yomuntu siqu ingavulwa ngamanani angabizi kakhulu kuzo zonke izabelomali zomndeni. Kusukela ku-€1.000 kuya phezulu , ngaphandle kwemingcele kuleli nani. Imigomo isukela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuya ezinyangeni ezingu-36, njengamadiphozithi asebhange avamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubo yokubhalisa ifana ncamashi neyezinye izinhlobo zama-akhawunti okonga.
Imali efakwa: izimo
Umehluko phakathi kwalezi zimali kanye nezimali ezifakwa kuma-euro ukuthi lezi zinhlobo zihilela ikhomishini encane ngenxa yokuthengiselana kwemali. Amabhange ngokuvamile akhokhisa phakathi kuka-0,10% no-0,15% wenani eliphelele lokutshalwa kwezimali. Ngaphandle kwale mali enqunyiwe, azikho ezinye izimali zokuphatha noma zokulungisa. Inzalo ikhokhwa ekuvuthweni, kungakhathaliseki isikhathi sokutshalwa kwezimali.
Omunye wemibuzo abasebenzisi abayibuzayo ukuthi ngabe lezi zinketho zinenzuzo ethe xaxa. Lokhu akukwazi ukwaziwa kusengaphambili ngoba kuncike esilinganisweni sokushintshisana kwemali ekhethiwe ezimakethe zezimali. Kunoma ikuphi, imbuyiselo ngeke ihlale ihle, futhi esimweni esibi kakhulu, ingadala ngisho nenzalo engemihle. Lesi yisona sizathu esiyinhloko esenza ukuthi lokhu kuthengiselana kwemali kubhekwe njengengozi, ikakhulukazi uma ukusebenza kwalezi zimpahla zezimali kungaziwa.
Ingabe kufanelekile ukuwenza ngokusemthethweni?
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungenzeka futhi ukuthi inzuzo ethuthukisiwe ngeke incishiswe yizindleko zokushintshaniswa kwemali. Kungase kube nezimanga ezithile ezingathandeki uma sekufika isikhathi sokuxazulula. Kodwa-ke, inzuzo yayo eyinhloko uhla olubanzi lwezimali zamazwe ngamazwe ezitholakalayo. Futhi ezinye zazo ziqinisekile ukuthi zizobhekana nokushintshashintsha okukhulu ezimakethe zokushintshaniswa kwemali yangaphandle.
Kumele futhi sihlole iqiniso lokuthi imali yamazwe angaphandle iyithuluzi elingazinzile lokwakha isitoko sokonga esikhathini esifushane naphakathi. Ngoba ifana kakhulu nemikhiqizo etholakala kumasheya kunenzuzo engaguquki. Akumangalisi ukuthi inzuzo yayo yangempela incike emanani entengo ezimakethe zemali. Lapho ukungazethembi kungenye yezimpawu ezihambelana kakhulu, ngoba kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamanani entengo aphezulu nalawo aphansi. Kuze kube seqophelweni lokuthi lolu hlobo lwamadiphozithi wesikhathi esimisiwe lungalimaza kakhulu izintshisekelo zabasindisi. Ezingeni lanoma yimuphi umkhiqizo wezezimali ongenayo imbuyiselo ehleliwe noma eqinisekisiwe.
Kulinyazwe futhi kwasizakala
I-eurozone ilungele ukuqala ukuphakamisa amazinga enzalo ngo-2020, kuxwayisa i-European Central Bank (ECB) esitatimendeni esiveza "ukulungiswa kwenqubomgomo yezimali okuzayo." Njengamanje, izindleko zemali kule ndawo ziyi-0% , izinga elifinyelelwe ngo-2015 njengesinyathelo sokukhuthaza umnotho wamazwe e-European Union. Lesi sici semali siholele ekutheni eminye imikhiqizo yasebhange ibe yinhle kakhulu kuneminye, ikhuthaze abatshalizimali nalabo abafuna ukuxhaswa ngezimali ngezindleko zabalondolozi. Iqembu ngalinye lithole ukuphathwa okuhlukile, amazinga enzalo emazingeni aphansi ngokomlando.
Ezomnotho zase-Europe zilindele ukunyuka kwamazinga okuzokwenziwa kancane kancane ukuze kushiywe ngokuqinile umkhuba wokuthi imali ayinalo inani. Kunoma ikuphi, lolu shintsho luzohluka ebudlelwaneni amakhasimende azobugcina nezinhlangano zebhange njengoba uma sekuqaliswe amanani entela amasha, imibandela yenkontileka yemalimboleko yomuntu siqu, imali yesikhathi nama-akhawunti emali engenayo ephezulu, phakathi kokunye, izoshintsha. Lapho kuzoba khona abawinile nabangahlulwa ngokususelwa kulokhu kuhluka kwemali. Kepha empeleni, zizothinta kanjani isikhwama sabasebenzisi basebhange?
Kulinyazwe ukukhuphuka kwesilinganiso
Labo asebevele benezikweletu futhi abazothatha noma yimuphi umugqa wesikweletu kusukela manje kuya phambili bazoba yibo abathinteka kakhulu yilesi silinganiso sezomnotho. Bazothinteka ukwanda kwenzalo yemali mboleko, inani layo elizoncika ngobukhulu bokukhuphuka kwezindleko zemali. Kunoma ikuphi, ukuba nemali mboleko yabathengi , ikhadi lesikweletu, noma imali mboleko yendlu kuzohilela izinkokhelo zanyanga zonke ezidinga kakhulu ngenxa yokwanda kwezindleko zemali.
Umuntu onemali mboleko yendlu engu-€100.000 eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-25, enenzalo encane kakhulu ekhuphuke ngekota yephesenti, uzobona inkokhelo yakhe yanyanga zonke ikhuphuka cishe ngo-€20 kusukela ngonyaka ozayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi simo sizobangela ukuthi ukusabalala kwemali mboleko yendlu kukhuphuke kancane kancane, okwenza kube nzima ukuthola imali mboleko yendlu engaphansi kuka-1%, njengoba kungenzeka ngezipesheli zasebhange kuze kube sehlobo eledlule.
Ukonga kuzoba nenzuzo enkulu
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imikhiqizo yokonga (idiphozithi zesikhathi esinqunyiwe, amanothi esithembiso, ama-akhawunti amanje, njll.) izovela ekuweni kwayo ngenxa yenzuzo yayo ephansi. Njengoba amazinga enzalo enyuka, inzuzo yabo izokhuphuka, hhayi kakhulu, kodwa ngokuphawulekayo njalo ngonyaka. Njengamanje, uma kubhekwa ukunyakaza emakethe yemali, idiphozithi yasebhange engu-€10.000 yezinyanga ezingu-12 ibone inzuzo yayo ikhuphuka isuka ku-0,14% yaya ku-0,20%. Nakuba lokhu kungeyona imali eningi kakhulu, kuzovumela okungenani ukwenyuka kwaminyaka yonke okungaba ngu-€10.
Uma amazinga enzalo endaweni ye-euro efinyelela kumaphesenti angu-1.5, imiphumela izoba sobala kakhulu kubanikazi bale mikhiqizo yasebhange. Ngokusho kwezilinganiso ezivela eBhange laseSpain, amazinga enzalo angakhuphuka afinyelele cishe kumaphesenti angu-1 emalini egcinwe kumadiphozithi esikhathi esinqunyiwe noma kuma-akhawunti asebhange. Kodwa-ke, kungcono ukukhohlwa ngembuyiselo engaphezu kuka-5%, eyabonakala ngaphambi kwenkinga yezomnotho ka-2007 no-2008, lapho amazinga enzalo ayephezulu kakhulu futhi amabhange ayezimisele kakhulu ukuvuza amakhasimende ngembuyiselo evelele.
Umthelela kuma-equities
Kulesi simo, amazinga enzalo aphansi njengalawa amanje azuzisa abatshalizimali ezimakethe zamasheya. Phakathi kwezinye izizathu, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi azikho izinzuzo kweminye imikhiqizo yezezimali, futhi okuwukuphela kwesixazululo ukuthenga nokuthengisa amasheya esitokweni njengendlela yokuthuthukisa izinzuzo. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha ingozi enkulu kulezi zintengiselwano, njengoba kungekho nzalo eqinisekisiwe. Ngokuphambene nalokho, abatshalizimali bangaphansi kwesandla sezimakethe zezimali, lapho into ethile noma enye ingenzeka khona. Okuhlukile yizinkokhelo zezabelo , okuyinkokhelo yonyaka ehleliwe neqinisekisiwe.
Ngenkathi ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokusebenzisa amasu athile okutshala imali, izinhloso ezithile ezibekwa ngabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi zingafinyelelwa. Isibonelo, ukuthenga lapho ukumelana sekunqotshiwe, ukwenza kube semthethweni ukusebenza kuma-uptrends noma ukusizakala ngokuthenga ukunyakaza. Ngemiphumela engagculisa kakhulu izintshisekelo zabancane. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunezimali zokutshala imali ezivumela ukubuyiselwa okuqinisekisiwe, nembuyiselo yokonga kuze kufike ku-5%. Yize kunamakhomishini athe xaxa kunasekuthengweni nasekuthengisweni kwamasheya emakethe yamasheya. Ngezindleko ezingamelela u-2% wemali yonke etshalwe ngabasebenzisi. Okwenzela ukuthi uzokwengeza inzuzo kuyo yonke imisebenzi ukuze unciphise lezi zindleko kubaphathi.