Phakathi neminyaka eyishumi edlule, i- ukutshalwa kwezimali ku izitoko zobuchwepheshe Kwakuyizimayini zegolide zabatshalizimali. Kodwa kubonakala sengathi ngokuqala kwale makethe yebhere, amasheya ezobuchwepheshe angomunye wemikhakha eye yahlupheka kakhulu. Le micimbi idale ukuthi abatshalizimali baqale ukuqhela kulo mkhakha. Ngakho-ke, ake sihlaziye isimo sokutshala izimali ezitokisini zobuchwepheshe kanye nalokho abatshalizimali abangakulindela...
1. I-Meta (i-Facebook yangaphambili)
Inkampani engumzali ka-Facebook (i-META) yabheja kakhulu nge-metaverse ngokushintsha kwegama ngonyaka odlule futhi, naphezu kokwehla ngo-70% kwentengo yokutshalwa kwezimali kwesitoko se-Meta, uMark Zuckerberg, i-CEO yayo, Ubonakala eqiniseka njengakuqala. Kangangoba ubeka imali yakhe (kahle, imali yabanikazi bamasheya...) lapho ethanda khona. Le nkampani imemezele ukwenyuka okukhulu kwezindleko, ngenkathi futhi ibheja ku-metaverse futhi ilwa nembangi yayo i-TikTok enkundleni yezokuxhumana. Kepha iMeta mancane amathuba okuthi iguqule ikusasa layo elibonakalayo libe yinzuzo yesikhathi esiseduze, okuphakamise imibuzo ngekusasa lesiqondiso senkampani.
Ukushintshwa kwegama akwehlanga kahle ekutshalweni kwezimali kumasheya e-Meta. Umthombo: Yahoo Finance.
Yini abangayilindela abatshalizimali?
Ukutshala imali kumasheya e-Meta kuphakathi kwedwala nendawo eqinile. Abatshalizimali bebengeke bajabule uma iMeta ivala izindlebe kulo mncintiswano, yamukela ukuthi izinkundla zayo eziwumgogodla (i-Instagram ne-Facebook) ziyavuthwa, futhi iphathe ibhizinisi ngendlela. Lokho kungaba inketho engcono kunokubeka wonke amaqanda akho kubhasikidi owodwa, yingakho abatshalizimali bethukuthele. Ngakho-ke uma sikholelwa ukuthi i-Facebook ne-Instagram zinesikhathi eside sokuphila kunalokho abantu abacabanga ngakho, isitoko se-Meta, manje esisesilinganisweni esiphansi, siyithuba lesikhathi eside elinobungozi obuncane.
Isilinganiso se-P/E sokutshalwa kwezimali kumasheya e-Meta. Umthombo: Ycharts.
I-2 Ama-Amazon
I-Amazon (AMZN) ingenye yezinkampani esiqala ukuzwa ukwehla. Ngesikhathi sokuvalelwa bahlomula ekukhuleni kwesidingo sabathengi. Kodwa kubonakala sengathi ngemva kokwethula imiphumela yekota kube nokungabaza kokuqala, njengoba umnyango ongenisa imali eningi ye-Amazon (Ama-Web Web Services) ingene esigabeni sokukhula okuphansi. Njengoba sibona kugrafu engezansi, ukuhamba kwemali kwamahhala kwe-Amazon kwehlile ngemuva kokuhlanganisa imiphumela emihle kakhulu unyaka nonyaka.
Ukugeleza kwemali kwamahhala kwaminyaka yonke kwe-Amazon. Umthombo: Amathrendi amaningi.
Yini abangayilindela abatshalizimali?
Endabeni yezinkampani ezikhulayo njenge-Amazon, abatshalizimali bangase bazimisele ukungayinaki inzuzo ngokuvuna ukukhula kokuthengisa, inqobo nje uma kunomvuzo esikhathini esizayo. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, i-Amazon ibilokhu isendleleni yokukhula okumangazayo kanye nokwenza ngcono inzuzo ngokwengxenye ngenxa yenkonzo ye-AWS.
Isabelo semakethe sezinkundla ezihlukene zesevisi yamafu. Umthombo: Statista.
Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwemali okunonya kwenkampani kubeke inkampani esimeni esibucayi. Lo mcimbi ususabalele nakwamanye amasheya ale nkampani, ehle ngaphezu kuka-40% kulo nyaka wonke. Ukuze lokhu kwehla kube yithuba, i-Amazon kufanele inciphise ukusetshenziswa kwemali futhi igcine izinga elinempilo lokukhula. Okwamanje, imizwa yokuphelelwa ithemba isizinzile e-Amazon njengoba lingekho ithemba lokuthi lokhu kuzokwenzeka.
3. Izinhlamvu zamagama
Izinhlamvu zamagama (GOOG/GOOGL) zinamabhizinisi ahlukene anekusasa elihle. Inkundla yamafu yezinhlamvu zamagama (esendaweni yesithathu ngemuva kwe-AWS ne-Azure) ibilokhu ikhula kancane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, baphinde bahambe phambili kubuchwepheshe obusha obufana ne-Artificial Intelligence (AI). Kunjalo, ibhizinisi lokugcina amafu limele ngaphansi kwe-10% yokuthengiswa kwenkampani, futhi i-AI isele iminyaka eminingi yentuthuko. Ngakho-ke, ibhizinisi lokukhangisa liyisizinda semali engenayo. Leli bhizinisi belilokhu likhula njalo, njengoba sibona kugrafu elandelayo:
Ukukhula kwemali engenayo yokukhangisa yekota yama-alfabhethi. Umthombo: Alfabhethi.
Ngesikhathi sobhubhane, imali yokukhangisa yehle ngo-8% kuphela, futhi yakhula ngemuva kokuphela kokuvalwa kokuvalwa. Kodwa amakota amabili okugcina awahambanga njengoba bekulindelekile. Kusukela ku-Alphabet basola ukwehla komnotho kanye namazinga okukhula ahlaba umxhwele onyaka odlule okwenza ukuqhathanisa kungabi nembayo ngokuphelele. Yiqiniso, imakethe yokukhangisa ivuthiwe futhi kunemali eningi esevele idluliselwe emkhakheni wedijithali. Konke lokhu kusho ukuthi ukukhula kwe-Alfabhethi okuzayo kuyabuzwa.
Yini abangayilindela abatshalizimali?
Eshadini elilandelayo singabona ukuthi isilinganiso sentengo-yemali engenayo (P/E) yokutshala imali kumasheya e-Alphabet siseduze nokwehla kwaso komlando. Singahumusha ukuthi abatshalizimali abanalo ithemba lokuthi i-Alphabet ingabuyisa izinga layo lokukhula kokukhangisa esikhathini esifushane. Ngakho-ke, ngalesi sikhathi, izingozi zokukhula kwe-Alfabhethi yesikhashana nesikhathi eside zibusa imvelo. Kodwa uma imali engenayo yokukhangisa ibuya ngonyaka ozayo futhi ibhizinisi lokugcina amafu liqhubeka nokuthuthuka, imiphumela ye-Alphabet ingase iqale ukubukeka kangcono futhi. Ukuzizwa, ngemva kwakho konke, kungase kube yinto engalindelekile.
Isilinganiso se-P/E sokutshala imali esitokweni sama-Alphabet. Umthombo: Ycharts.
I-4. I-Microsoft
Ibhizinisi le-Microsoft cloud services business (MSFT) manje selingaphezu kuka-50% wesamba semali engenayo yenkampani. Uma sibala i-teleworking boom eqhutshwa ubhubhane, ukuthengiswa kwe-software giant kukhiqize ukukhula okungama-20% kule minyaka emibili edlule, okuyijubane elishesha kakhulu eminyakeni engama-20. Kodwa ngokudayiswa kwekhompyutha ephathekayo nedeskithophu kwehla ngokugcwele, ibhizinisi le-Microsoft lamafu lidinga ukufana nokukhula okusimeme okungaba ngu-20% kusukela kwikota yokugcina uma befuna ukugcina umugqa wabo omangalisayo wokukhula kokuthengisa.
Imali engenayo yeminyango ye-Microsoft. Umthombo: Kamilfranek / SEC (EDGAR).
Yini abangayilindela abatshalizimali?
Ibhizinisi lezinsizakalo zamafu e-Azure (ingxenye ebalulekile yenkampani) libone ukukhula okuhamba kancane kunalokho obekulindelwe ngama-35% kwikota edlule. Le datha inyakazise umbono wabatshalizimali. Ngenani lamanje, isitoko sihweba izikhathi ezingu-23 isilinganiso sayo se-P/E, sibuyela emazingeni agcine ukubonakala ngo-2017. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi abatshalizimali abalindele ukukhula kweminyaka yamuva ukuthi kuqhubeke. Uma ukukhula kwe-Azure kwehla kakhulu ukusuka lapha, abatshalizimali cishe bazokwehlisa lokho okulindelwe nangaphezulu, futhi lokho bekungeke kube kuhle ngentengo yesitoko. Kepha uma i-Azure igcina ukukhula okufana nekota yokugcina, cishe bazophela lowo muzwa omubi.
Isilinganiso se-P/E sokutshalwa kwezimali esitokweni se-Microsoft. Umthombo: Ycharts.
I-5 Apple
Ngaphandle kokungabaza, ama-iPhones abe yizinto eziqanjwe kabusha kanye nemayini yegolide ye-Apple (AAPL), kodwa asazi ukuthi lokhu kuzoke kushintshe yini. Vele, imikhiqizo ye-Apple kungenzeka iqhubeke nokukhula isikhathi esithile. Phela, umkhiqizo unabalandeli abathembekile abazokhokhela amadivayisi akamuva, futhi kunamakhasimende amaningi angasetshenzisiwe ezindaweni ezifana ne-India. Noma kunjalo, mancane amathuba okuthi i-Apple iqhubeke nokuthuthuka ngesivinini esifanayo njengoba yenze eminyakeni eyishumi edlule. Ukukhula kwayo kuncike kwezinye izici ezimbalwa. Kuyabuzwa ukuthi izinsizakalo zenkampani (ezimele u-20% wokuthengiswa kwamanje) ziyaqhubeka nokukhula. Futhi ukuma kwayo ezintweni ezintsha zobuchwepheshe ezifana ne-AI.
Imali engenayo yeminyango yakwa-Apple. Umthombo: Statista.
Yini abangayilindela abatshalizimali?
Lindela ukukhula kokuthengiswa kwesikhathi eside kwe-Apple ukuthi kuhambe kancane, kodwa kuzobaluleka ukwazi ukuthi kuzoba ngu-2-4% noma u-6-8%. Ukulinganiswa kwentengo yesitoko se-Apple kunyukile eminyakeni yamuva, kukhuphule izinga lokulindelwe kancane. Ngakho-ke ukwehla kwaleyo minyango cishe ngeke kwamukeleke kakhulu.
Isibikezelo sokuthengisa seminyaka emibili ye-Apple nokukhula kwemali engenayo. Umthombo: Simply Wall.st.