Ukuqasha isisebenzi sasendlini eSpain kubandakanya ukuthobela uchungechunge lwezibopho zomthetho, kodwa futhi kungabandakanya ukonga okubalulekile kwezomnotho sibonga ezahlukene Ukwehliswa, izaphulelo namabhonasi ku-Social Security ezikhona njengamanje. Lezi zinzuzo ziye zavela eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngentuthuko yomthetho kanye nezikhathi zezinguquko ezingase ziphakamise ukukhathazeka kubaqashi nabasebenzi basezindlini. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqonda ngokugcwele izaphulelo ezitholakalayo zokuqasha isisebenzi sasendlini, ukuthi zisifaka kanjani isicelo, yiziphi izimfuneko okufanele kuhlangatshezwane nazo, nokuthi yini entsha ngo-2025.
Kulesi sihloko sixazulula yonke imibuzo yakho ngokuchaza okuhlukile izinzuzo zentela namabhonasi izimiso zamanje, umthelela wazo emalini Yokuvikeleka Komphakathi, kanye nezimo ezikhethekile njengemindeni emikhulu, abantu abakhubazekile, noma izimo zesikhashana. Konke lokhu kwenziwa ngolimi oluqondile, olucacile ukuze wazi kahle ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze nokuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani.
Kungani kunezaphulelo lapho kuqashwa isisebenzi sasendlini?
Ukuqasha umuntu ngokusemthethweni ekhaya kuyisihluthulelo sokulwa nomnotho ongaphansi komhlaba kanye nokuqinisekisa amalungelo abasebenzi ayisisekelo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, uHulumeni kanye Nezokuphepha Komphakathi basungule uchungechunge lwe izikhuthazi zomnotho eziqondiswe kubaqashi obhalisa kahle umsebenzi wasendlini. Lezi zaphulelo zihlose ukwenza kokubili abaqashi abasha nalabo abenza izimo zangaphambilini zibe zinhle ngokwezimali.
I-Los izaphulelo namabhonasi Zithinta kakhulu i umnikelo wanyanga zonke Wokuvikeleka Komphakathi okufanele ikhokhwe ngumqashi, futhi isetshenziswe ngokuzenzakalelayo noma ngesicelo, kuye ngecala ngalinye. Imithetho yayo ibuyekeziwe, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi kubuyekezwe izinguquko zokulawula zeminyaka yakamuva ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi azikho izinzuzo ezilahlekayo.
Izaphulelo ezizenzakalelayo eziyinhloko kuminikelo Yokuvikeleka Komphakathi
Njengamanje, abantu abaqasha isisebenzi sasendlini eSpain bangazuza ezinzuzweni ezimbalwa. izaphulelo ezizenzakalelayo kwiminikelo Yokuvikeleka Komphakathi. Lezi zaphulelo zisebenza inqobo nje uma kungekho isikweletu esisele ne-Social Security noma uMgcinimafa, isimo esibalulekile sokufinyelela noma iyiphi ibhonasi.
Phakathi kwezaphulelo eziyinhloko kukhona:
- 20% isaphulelo enkokhelweni yezimo eziphuthumayo ezivamile: Lokhu ukuncishiswa okuvame kakhulu futhi kusetshenziswa ngokuqondile emalini yebhizinisi.
- Isaphulelo sika-80% ezinzuzweni zokungasebenzi: Lokhu kusho ukonga okukhulu komqashi futhi kukhuthaza ukwenziwa njalo komkhakha.
- 80% isaphulelo kumakhotheshini e-FOGASA (Isikhwama Sesiqinisekiso Somholo): Kusebenza emalini ekhokhwa kulesi sikhwama uma kwenzeka abasebenzi basezindlini ababhaliswe ohlelweni oluyisipesheli.
- Ukwehliswa okungu-75% enkokhelweni yezimo eziphuthumayo ezivamile ngesikhathi sokukhubazeka kwesikhashana Kubasebenzi besifazane abaneminyaka yobudala engama-62 noma ngaphezulu: Lesi sinyathelo sihlose ukuvikela ukuqashwa kwabantu abadala emkhakheni wasekhaya ngesikhathi sekhefu lokugula.
Enye yezinzuzo zalezi zaphulelo ukuthi iningi lisetshenziswa ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho ubhalisa ne-Social Security, inqobo nje uma idatha enikeziwe ilungile futhi nezimfuneko ziyahlangatshezwa. Azikho izinhlelo zokusebenza ezengeziwe ezidingekayo ukuze ujabulele lezi zinzuzo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umnikelo wanyanga zonke okhokhelwa umqashi uyisamba seminikelo yakhe kanye neyesisebenzi, futhi umnikelo ubalwa ngokusekelwe ezisekelweni zeminikelo enyatheliswa minyaka yonke nguHulumeni.
Ukuthuthukiswa komthetho kwakamuva: I-Royal Decree-Law 16/2022 kanye noMthetho 11/2023
Imithethonqubo ephathelene namabhonasi nezaphulelo zokuqasha abasebenzi basezindlini ishintshile eminyakeni yamuva nje. Yena I-Royal Decree-Law 16/2022 futhi i Umthetho 11/2023 Baye bashintsha, banyakaza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izimo nezimfuneko zokuthola amabhonasi athile.
Kusuka ku UJanuwari 1 we-2023 Ukwehliswa ngo-20% kusetshenziselwa umnikelo womqashi emnikelweni wezimo eziphuthumayo ezivamile ohlelweni olukhethekile lwabasebenzi basezindlini, okuhambisana nebhonasi yama-80% yokungasebenzi kanye ne-FOGASA eshiwo ngenhla.
Njengenye indlela yokwehlisa ngo-20%, kwethulwa amabhonasi 45% noma 30% kubaqashi ngokusekelwe emalini engenayo nasezimpahleni zabo, nakuba ukuqaliswa ngempumelelo kwalo mthetho kwakungaphansi kokuthuthukiswa kokulawula futhi kwakumiselwe ngokusobala 1 Apreli 2024. Okungukuthi, kusukela ngalolo suku, labo abahlangabezana nezidingo—njengabaqashi abanemali engenayo elinganiselwe noma izimpahla—bangakhetha ibhonasi ephezulu engu-45% (futhi kwezinye izimo, 30%) esikhundleni sesaphulelo esivamile esingu-20%.
Kukhona okuhlukile emindenini emikhulu, engakwazi ukunakekela 45% ibhonasi ezinkokhelweni inqobo nje uma umnakekeli eqashwe ngaphambi kuka-April 1, 2023; Ezinkontileka ezingenwe phakathi kuka-Ephreli 1, 2023, noMeyi 10, 2023, ziphinde zigcinwe ngenxa yokulungiswa okwethulwe uMthetho 11/2023.
Lezi zinguquko zihlose ukulungisa uhlelo ukuze luvumelane nezidingo zemizi kanye nokuvimbela ukungalingani ekutholeni amabhonasi.
Izaphulelo namabhonasi wamacala akhethekile: imindeni emikhulu, ukukhubazeka, nezimo ezithile
Ngaphezu kwezaphulelo ezijwayelekile, kukhona amabhonasi engeziwe amacala athile. Okulandelayo kugqame ngokukhethekile:
- 45% ibhonasi yemindeni emikhulu: Le bhonasi, nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwayo kushintshiwe, iyaqhubeka nokusebenza kulabo abaqashe isisebenzi ngaphambi komhla ka-April 1, 2023, noma phakathi nenkathi yenguquko elawulwa ngemva kwalokho. Ngokuqashwa okusha, ibhonasi izoncika emalini emisha nemithetho yempahla.
- Ibhonasi engu-100% yokushintsha izisulu zodlame olusekelwe kubulili noma labo abasengozini ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma ukuncelisaEzimweni zesikhashana esikhundleni somsebenzi oyisisulu sodlame olusekelwe kubulili, noma ukuvala ucingo ngenxa yezingozi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukuncelisa, ukubeletha, noma ukunakekelwa kwengane, kungase kucelwe ukwehliswa okuphelele kwenkokhelo evamile yezimo eziphuthumayo.
- Ibhonasi yokuqasha abantu abakhubazekileKukhona nebhonasi ethile yabaqashi abaqasha isisebenzi sasendlini esinokukhubazeka esiqashelwa ngokusemthethweni, nakuba iphesenti lingahluka futhi kufanele licelwe ngokuqondile.
Ezimweni eziningi zalezi zimo ezikhethekile, i- umqashi kufanele alethe isicelo futhi anikeze nemibhalo kudingekile ukufakazela isimo sakho. Azisetshenziswa ngokuzenzakalelayo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi wazi kahle futhi ungaphuthelwa yilolu sizo.
I-MEI: I-Intergenerational Equity Mechanism nokuthi iyithinta kanjani i-quota yabasebenzi basezindlini
Into entsha ebalulekile kusukela ngoJanuwari 2023 ukuqaliswa kwe I-MEI (I-Intergenerational Equity Mechanism). Le nqubo, esungulwe kuMthetho 21/2021, isho umnikelo omusha ohlanganyelwe wabaqashi nabasebenzi basezindlini, okuhloswe ngawo ukuqinisa isikhwama sempesheni kanye nokuqinisekisa ukusimama kwesistimu esikhathini esizayo.
Umnikelo we-MEI uwukuthi 0,6% wesisekelo somnikelo: U-0,5% uthathwa umqashi bese u-0,1% uthathwa umsebenzi. Le mali yengezwa kuyo yonke iminikelo, ngakho-ke kuhle ukuthi icatshangwe lapho kubalwa imali. isamba semali yenyanga. Ukuze uqonde kangcono ukuthi lezi zinguquko zithinta kanjani izaphulelo zokuqasha umgcini wendlu, sincoma ukuthi uhlole yethu .
Izidingo eziyisisekelo zokufinyelela amabhonasi
Ukuze uzuze ku- izaphulelo namabhonasi Lapho uqasha umsebenzi wasendlini, kubalulekile ukuhlangabezana nochungechunge lwemibandela:
- Anginayo izikweletu ezisele ne-Social Security noma uMgcinimafa.
- Njalo yenza kube semthethweni i- ukubhaliswa komsebenzi nge-Social Security, kungakhathaliseki inani lamahora asetshenziwe noma uhlobo lwemisebenzi (ukuhlanza, ukunakekela izingane noma abathembele, njll.).
- Hlangana nemali engenayo noma izimfuneko zempahla ezimeni zamabhonasi akhethekile.
- Ezimweni lapho kudingeka khona, bonisa zonke amadokhumenti asekelayo ethize (isitifiketi somndeni esikhulu, ukuqashelwa kokukhubazeka, isimo sesikhashana, njll.).
Uma izimfuneko sezifinyelelwe, izimali ezibanjwayo zisetshenziswa kusisekelo somnikelo esihambisanayo, okuyisamba seholo lanyanga zonke, ingxenye elinganiselwe yezinkokhelo ezengeziwe, izithasiselo zeholo (njengomsebenzi owenziwa lapho ufona, amashifu asebusuku, njll.), kanye nanoma yisiphi isinxephezelo semali.
I-Social Security ikhumbuza abantu ngokubaluleka kokubala kahle isisekelo somnikelo wabo nokuhlala benolwazi ngamanani amasha ashicilelwe unyaka ngamunye, njengoba lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi kubanjwa imali efanele.
Izinqubo zokucela nokujabulela izaphulelo
Iningi le izaphulelo ezizenzakalelayo Bafaka isicelo lapho bebhalisa isisebenzi sasendlini ngemigudu evamile Yezokuphepha Komphakathi. Endabeni yamabhonasi akhethekile, kuyodingeka ukuthi uwacele ngokucacile, kungaba nge-Social Security noma abaphathi abafanelekile, unikeze imibhalo edingekayo.
Phakathi nenqubo, kuyatuseka ukusebenzisa isibali esisemthethweni somnikelo Wokuvikeleka Komphakathi ukuze uthole inani eliqondile ngaphambi kokuqedela isicelo, kucatshangelwa noma yiziphi izaphulelo esezifakiwe. Kuyatuseka futhi ukuthi ngezikhathi ezithile ubuyekeze isimo sakho sokukhokha nebhonasi, ikakhulukazi ngemva kwanoma yiziphi izinguquko zokulawula.
Uma kukhona noma yisiphi isigameko noma ukwenqatshwa kwebhonasi ngendlela engafanele, isimangalo singafakwa ku-Social Security, okufakazela ukuthobelana nezidingo.
Ukufaneleka kweminikelo kanye neziqinisekiso zabasebenzi basezindlini
Ngenxa yalezi zaphulelo namabhonasi, imindeni iya ngokuya iqasha futhi ibhalisa abasebenzi bayo basezindlini. Lokhu kubalulekile, njengoba kuqinisekisa ukufinyelela kwabasebenzi kumalungelo ayisisekelo njengalokhu Usizo lwezokwelapha, ukukhubazeka kwesikhashana, izinzuzo zokungasebenzi kanye nomhlalaphansi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunikela ngendlela efanele nokujabulela lezi zikhuthazo kuvumela abaqashi ukuba bahambisane nomthetho, bagweme izinhlawulo, futhi bathuthukise ukuvikeleka kwabo okungokomthetho. Khumbula ukuthi izisebenzi eziqashwe ngezinkampani azifakiwe ohlelweni olukhethekile lwasendlini, ngakho izaphulelo ezihlaziywa lapha zisebenza kuphela lapho inkontileka yenziwe ngumndeni ngokuqondile.
Uma unemibuzo mayelana nezinqubo noma ukuthi uyafaneleka yini ukuthola ezinye izinzuzo ezengeziwe, kuyancomeka ukuthi uxhumane nemithombo esemthethweni noma uye ku-ejensi ekhethekile.
Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nezaphulelo namabhonasi
Ake siphendule eminye yemibuzo evame kakhulu kulesi sihloko:
- Ngingakwazi ukuzuza kumabhonasi amaningana ngesikhathi esisodwa? Akwenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi ukunqwabelanisa izaphulelo, njengoba ezinye zikhethekile. Isibonelo, inzuzo enkulu yomndeni ayifakwa kwisaphulelo esijwayelekile esingu-20%, nakuba ingase iqondane nokungasebenzi okungama-80% kanye nebhonasi ye-FOGASA.
- Kuthiwani uma nginezikweletu ku-Social Security noma uMgcinimafa? Ngeke ukwazi ukufinyelela izaphulelo uze wenze ngendlela efanayo isimo sakho sezezimali.
- Ingabe izimali ezikhokhwayo nezaphulelo ziyashintsha njalo ngonyaka? Amaphesenti ngokuvamile ayagcinwa, kodwa isisekelo somnikelo asetshenziswa kuso singabuyekezwa minyaka yonke ngeSabelomali Sezwe Esivamile.
- Iqala nini ukusebenza ibhonasi yabaqashi abahola kancane? Kusukela ngomhlaka-1 Ephreli 2024, ngemuva kokusebenza kokuthuthukiswa kokulawula okudingekayo.
Lolu hlelo lwezaphulelo namabhonasi lokuqasha isisebenzi sasendlini eSpain sinikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile zezomnotho kulabo abenza ngokusemthethweni ubudlelwano bokuqashwa. Ukuhlala unolwazi nokuthobelana nezidingo kubalulekile ukuze uzuze lezi zinzuzo futhi ube neqhaza endaweni yokusebenza efanelekile nephephile emakhaya.
