Inkinga esibhekene nayo kulo nyaka ngokuvamile ithinta zonke izimakethe zokutshalwa kwezimali. Ngaphandle kwezinto ezithile zokusetshenziswa ezifana nowoyela noma igesi yemvelo, zonke izinhlobo zezimpahla zibhekene nokulahlekelwa okukhulu okubonakala kungayeki. Noma kunjalo, akudingekile ukuba sibheke isimo njengento embi, izikhathi ezinzima lapho amathuba angcono okutshala izimali avela khona. Ngakho-ke namuhla sizobona amamethrikhi angu-5 abalulekile okuqeqeshwa kwakho kwe-investimenti ukuze ugweme ukwenza amaphutha lapho utshala imali ezitokweni.
Isilinganiso senani/amaholo (P/E)
Ake sibheke imethrikhi yokuqala yalokhu kuqeqeshwa kokutshala imali. Isilinganiso senani/amaholo (Intengo/Inzuzo ngesiNgisi) iyimethrikhi esivumela ukuthi siqhathanise inani lesheya ngokuqhathaniswa nenzuzo ekhiqizwe inkampani. Lesi silinganiso sisivumela ukuthi sikwazi ukukala ukuthi isitokwe sikhululwe ngokwedlulele noma asinanani eliphansi. Ngale ndlela, uma sibona ukuthi isitokwe sinesilinganiso esiphezulu se-P/E, sisitshela ukuthi intengo yaleso sitoko iyabiza ngokuphathelene nenzuzo eyikhiqizayo, ngakho-ke singayibheka njengebaluleke kakhulu. Uma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, sibona ukuthi inezinga eliphansi le-P / E, lisitshela ukuthi intengo yaleso sitoko ishibhile ngokuphathelene nezinzuzo ezikhiqizayo, ngakho-ke singakubheka njengokungabalulekile.
Ukuqhathaniswa kwezilinganiso ze-P/E zezimbangi ezinkulu ze-Ford. Umthombo: Simply Wall.st.
Lesi silinganiso sisisiza ukuthi sithole izitoko ezingabalulekile, kodwa kufanele sihunyushwe ngobuhlakani. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amaholo enkampani asekelwe kudatha yemali etholwayo yesikhathi esizayo noma yomlando, okwenza kube nzima ukubikezela imiphumela yesikhathi esizayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isilinganiso se-P/E asikunaki ukukhula kwenzuzo, njengoba kwenza imethrikhi elandelayo esizoyichaza kulokhu kuqeqeshwa kokuhweba.
Inani/Inzuzo/Isilinganiso Sokukhula (PEG)
Imethrikhi yesibili esizoyihlaziya kulokhu kuqeqeshwa kokutshalwa kwezimali isilinganiso senani/amaholo/ukukhula (PEG). I-PEG (Price-Earnings-Growth in English) inguqulo ethuthukisiwe yesilinganiso se-P/E okuthi, ngaphezu kokulinganisa ubudlelwano phakathi kwentengo yesitoko kanye nenzuzo yaso, futhi ikala ukukhula kweholo. Isilinganiso se-PEG sisinika umbono ogcwele kakhudlwana wokuthi ingabe intengo yesitoko ibaluleke kakhulu noma ibukelwa phansi ngokuhlaziya kokubili amaholo amanje kanye nokukhula kweholo okucatshangwayo.
Isilinganiso se-PEG sakwaFord seminyaka engu-4 edlule. Umthombo: Zacks.
Ngakho-ke, isitokwe esinesilinganiso se-PEG esingaphansi kuka-1 singabhekwa njengenani eliphansi, uma kubhekwa ukuthi intengo yaso iphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhula kwaso okulindelekile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngesilinganiso se-PEG esingaphezu kwe-1 singakubheka njengokubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba kungase kubonise ukuthi inani lentengo libiza kakhulu uma liqhathaniswa nokukhula okulindelekile kwenzuzo yalo.
Inani/isilinganiso sencwadi (P/B)
Ake sibheke imethrikhi yesithathu yalokhu kuqeqeshwa kokutshalwa kwezimali. Isilinganiso senani/Incwadi sikala ukuthi isitokwe sikhulu kakhulu noma asilinganiswa kancane ngokuqhathanisa inani lengqikithi yenkampani (izimpahla – izikweletu) nemali yaso emakethe. Ngokuyisisekelo, isilinganiso se-P/B sihlukanisa intengo yesitoko ngenani laso lebhuku ngesheya ngalinye. Isilinganiso se-P/B siyinkomba enhle yokuthi bangakanani abatshalizimali abazimisele ukukhokhela idola ngalinye lengqikithi yenani lenkampani.
Isilinganiso se-Ford stock P/B. Umthombo: Simply Wall.st
Isilinganiso se-P/B siwusizo kakhulu uma sihluka kakhulu ku-1. Ukuhweba kwesitoko ngesilinganiso se-P/B esiseduze no-0,5 kuhle ngoba kusho ukuthi inani lemakethe lilingana nengxenye yenani lencwadi yenkampani. Kuyisilinganiso esifanele ukubheka izinkampani ezinenani lemakethe eliphansi kunevelu yazo yencwadi. Ngokuqonda umehluko phakathi kwevelu yemakethe kanye nenani lencwadi, singakwazi ukubona amathuba okutshala imali.
Isilinganiso sesikweletu/sokulingana (D/E)
Isilinganiso sokulingana kwezikweletu (Debt/Equity ngesiNgisi) siyimethrikhi yesine esizoyihlaziya kulokhu kuqeqeshwa kokutshalwa kwezimali. Le metric yenza kube lula ngathi ukunquma ukuthi inkampani ixhasa kanjani izimpahla zayo. Isilinganiso sisibonisa ingxenye yokulingana esikweletini inkampani esisebenzisayo ukuxhasa izimpahla zayo. Ngakho-ke, uma isitokwe sinesilinganiso esiphansi se-D/E, kusho ukuthi inkampani isebenzisa inani elincane lesikweletu sokuxhasa ngezimali uma kuqhathaniswa nokulingana. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma isitoko sinesilinganiso esiphezulu se-D/E, kusho ukuthi inkampani isebenzisa imali eningi yezikweletu zayo ngokuhlobene nokulingana.
Ukunyakaza eminyakeni engu-6 yokugcina yesilinganiso se-Ford sika-D/E. Umthombo: Simply Wall.st.
Uma inkampani inezinga eliphezulu lesikweletu, ingaba yingozi uma ingenayo inzuzo noma ukungena kwemali ukuze ihlangabezane nezibopho zayo zezikweletu. Isilinganiso se-D/El singahluka kumkhakha owodwa kuya kwesinye. Isilinganiso esiphezulu kakhulu se-D/E asibonisi ukuthi inkampani ayiphathwa kahle. Isikweletu sivame ukusetshenziswa ukuze kwandiswe imisebenzi kanye nokwenza inzuzo eyengeziwe. Ezinye izimboni ezidinga impahla, njengezimoto nezokwakha, zivame ukuba nezilinganiso eziphakeme kunezitoko kweminye imikhakha.
Ukugeleza Kwemali Kwamahhala (FCF) Isilinganiso
I-Free Cash Flow iyimethrikhi yokugcina esizoyihlaziya kulokhu kuqeqeshwa kokutshalwa kwezimali. Lesi silinganiso sikala ukheshi okhiqizwa inkampani ngemisebenzi yayo, ngaphandle kwezindleko. Ukugeleza kwemali kwamahhala kuwukheshi osele ngemva kokuba inkampani isikhokhele izindleko zayo zokusebenza kanye nezindleko ze-capital expenditures (CapEx) Lesi silinganiso siwusizo kithi ngoba sibonisa indlela inkampani esebenza kahle ngayo ekukhiqizeni ukheshi. Kuyimethrikhi ebalulekile yokunquma ukuthi inkampani inokheshi owanele yini, ngemva kokuthi yenze imisebenzi kanye nezindleko ezinkulu, ukuze iklomelise abaninimasheya ngezinkokhelo zezabelo kanye nokwabelana ngokuthenga.
Ukugeleza kwemali kwamahhala kwaFord nesibikezelo seminyaka emibili. Umthombo: Simply Wall.st.
Ukugeleza kwemali kwamahhala kungaba inkomba yangaphambi kwesikhathi yokwazisa abatshalizimali ukuthi inzuzo ingase ikhule ngokuzayo, njengoba ukukhula kokugeleza kwemali kwamahhala ngokuvamile kwandulela ukwenyuka kwemali etholwayo. Uma inkampani inokuphuma kwemali kwamahhala okukhuphukayo, kungaba ngenxa yokukhula kwemali engenayo nokuthengisa, noma ukuncipha kwezindleko. Ngamanye amazwi, ukukhula kwemali yamahhala kungavuza abatshalizimali esikhathini esizayo, yingakho abatshalizimali abaningi bekwazisa ukugeleza kwemali kwamahhala njengenkomba enhle yempilo yebhizinisi.
Iziphetho zalokhu kuqeqeshwa kokutshalwa kwezimali
Ngemva kokuqeda lolu qeqesho lokutshalwa kwezimali kumamethrikhi okuhlaziya isitoko, siye sabona usizo lolwazi lwalawa mamethrikhi ukuze sikwazi ukukhetha ukuthi yiziphi izitoko esizozifaka kuphothifoliyo yethu. Kuhle ukukhumbula ukuthi lawa mamethrikhi awusizo ekuqhathaniseni ukusebenza kwezinkampani emkhakheni ofanayo, nokuthi ngesikhathi esifanayo kuwusizo kakhulu ukusizakala ngokushicilelwa kwemiphumela kanye nedatha eyisisekelo efana nalawa mamethrikhi ukuze ukwazi ukusebenza ngezinsuku lapho ukuguquguquka kubonakala khona.