Ukuthola amandla ama-ETF aphambene

Emhlabeni wama-ETF, kunesigaba esiyingqayizivele esivame ukunganakwa, kodwa sibalulekile kulabo abafuna amasu okutshala ayinkimbinkimbi naqagelayo: ama-ETF aphambene. Lawa mathuluzi angamathuluzi anamandla avumela abatshalizimali ukuthi benze inzuzo ngokuwa, kunokuba bakhuphuke, izintengo zempahla eyisisekelo. Ngokungafani nama-ETF endabuko, afuna ukuphindaphinda ukusebenza okukhulayo kwenkomba noma impahla, ama-ETF aphambene aklanyelwe ukukhiqiza inzuzo lapho amanani ehla. Kulesi sihloko sizobona ukuthi iyini i-ETF ephambene, ukuthi iyini, umehluko enakho kusukela ekuthengiseni okufushane, izinhlobo zama-ETF aphambene futhi sizobona icala langempela le-ETF ephambene. 

Iyini i-ETF ephambene?

I-ETF ephambene iyisikhwama esihwebelana ngokuhwebelana (ETF) esakhiwe kusetshenziswa okuphuma kokunye okuhlukahlukene ukuze kuzuze ekuncipheni kwenani lenkomba yebhentshimakhi engaphansi. Ukutshala imali kuma-ETF aphambene kufana nokubamba izikhundla eziningi ezimfushane, okubandakanya ukuboleka izibambiso nokuzithengisa ngethemba lokuzithenga kabusha ngentengo ephansi. I-ETF ephambene yaziwa nangokuthi "i-ETF emfushane" noma "i-bearish ETF."

Ayini ama-ETF aphambene?

Ama-ETF amaningi aphambene asebenzisa izinkontileka zesikhathi esizayo zansuku zonke ukuze akhiqize imbuyiselo yawo. Inkontileka yesikhathi esizayo yinkontileka yokuthenga noma ukuthengisa impahla noma isibambiso ngesikhathi nenani elithile. Ikusasa livumela abatshalizimali ukuthi babheje ngesiqondisindlela senani lesibambiso. Ama-ETF aphambene asebenzisa okuphuma kokunye (njengezinkontileka zesikhathi esizayo) ezivumela abatshalizimali ukuthi babheje ekuwohlokeni kwemakethe. Uma imakethe iwe, i-ETF ephambene ikhuphuka cishe ngamaphesenti afanayo, khipha izinkokhelo zomthengisi namakhomishini. Ama-ETF aphambene awawona ama-investimenti esikhathi eside, njengoba umphathi wesikhwama ethenga futhi adayise izinkontileka zokuphuma kokunye nsuku zonke. Ngenxa yalokho, ayikho indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuthi i-ETF ephambene izofana nembuyiselo yesikhathi eside yenkomba noma izibambiso ezilandelelayo. Ukuhweba okuvamile kuvame ukwandisa izindleko zesikhwama, kanti amanye ama-ETF aphambene angase abe nezilinganiso zezindleko ezingu-1% noma ngaphezulu.

Ama-ETF Aphambene ngokumelene Nokuthengisa Okufushane

Inzuzo yama-ETF aphambene ukuthi awadingi ukuthi umtshali-zimali agcine i-akhawunti ye-margin, njengoba kungaba njalo kubatshalizimali abafisa ukuthatha izikhundla ezimfushane. I-akhawunti ye-margin yile lapho umthengisi eboleka khona imali kumtshali-zimali ukuze ahwebe. I-Margin isetshenziswa ngezikhundla ezimfushane, umsebenzi wokuhweba othuthukile. Abatshalizimali abangena ezikhundleni ezimfushane baboleka izibambiso abangenazo ukuze bazidayisele abanye abadayisi. Umgomo uwukubuyisela impahla ngentengo ephansi futhi ukhulule ukuhweba ngokubuyisela amasheya kumbolekisi we-margin. Kodwa-ke, kunobungozi bokuthi inani lesibambiso lizokhuphuka kunokuba lehle futhi umtshali-zimali kuzodingeka athenge kabusha isibambiso ngentengo ephezulu kunentengo yokuthengisa ye-margin yasekuqaleni.

Izinhlobo zama-ETF aphambene

Kunama-ETF amaningana ahlanekezelwe angasetshenziswa ukwenza inzuzo ngokuncipha kwezinkomba zemakethe ebanzi, njenge-Russell 2000 noma i-Nasdaq 100. Kukhona nama-ETF ahlanekezelwe angasetshenziswa ukuzuza ngokuncipha kwezinkomba zemakethe ebanzi, njenge-Russell 2000. noma i-Nasdaq 100. Kukhona futhi ama-ETF aphambene agxile emikhakheni ethile, njengezezimali, amandla noma izinto eziyisisekelo zabathengi. Abanye abatshalizimali basebenzisa ama-ETF aphambene ukuze bazuze ekwehleni kwemakethe, kanti abanye bawasebenzisela ukubiyela amaphothifoliyo abo ngokumelene nezintengo eziwayo. Isibonelo, abatshalizimali abangabanikazi be-ETF efana ne-S&P 500 bangaheha ukwenqatshwa kwe-S&P ngokuba ne-ETF ephambene ye-S&P. Nokho, ukubiyela kunezingozi zako. Uma i-S&P iphakama, abatshalizimali kuzodingeka bathengise ama-ETF abo aphambene, njengoba bazobe bethola ukulahlekelwa okungase kuqede noma yiziphi izinzuzo ekutshaleni kwabo kwasekuqaleni ku-S&P. Ama-ETF aphambene angamathuluzi okuhweba esikhashana okumele abekwe isikhathi esifanele ukuze abatshalizimali benze imali. Kukhona ingozi enkulu yokulahlekelwa uma abatshalizimali babela imali eningi kakhulu ukuze baguqule ama-ETF futhi bachithe isikhathi esibi okufakiwe nokuphuma kwabo.

Isibonelo sangempela se-ETF ephambene

I-ProShares Short S&P 500 (SH) inikeza ukuchayeka okuphambene ezinkampanini ezinkulu nezinosayizi omaphakathi ku-S&P 500. Inesilinganiso sezindleko esingu-0,5 ngesheya ngalinye. Inesilinganiso sezindleko esingu-0,90% kanye nezimpahla zizonke ezingaphezu kuka-$1.770 billion. I-ETF ihloselwe ukuhlinzeka ngokubheja kokuhweba kosuku olulodwa futhi ayakhelwe ukuthi ibanjwe isikhathi esingaphezu kosuku olulodwa. NgoFebhuwari 2020, i-S&P yehla futhi ngenxa yalokho, kusukela ngoFebhuwari 17, 2020, i-SH yenyuka isuka ku-$23,19 yaya ku-$28,22 ngoMashi 23, 2020. Ukube abatshalizimali bebekwi-SH Ngalezo zinsuku, ngabe benze inzuzo.