Abatshalizimali abaningi abancane bangazi ukuthi ungenza nokonga kwakho kube nenzuzo ngokusebenzisa ukunyakaza okuphansi yamasheya, imakethe yesitoko ebuyela emuva. Kuyindlela entsha evulwe eminyakeni yamuva ngenxa ye- ukuguquguquka okudalwe izimakethe zezezimali. Futhi lokho akusebenzeli ukuvula izikhundla kuphela emakethe yamasheya, kepha kweminye imikhiqizo yezezimali ethandwa kakhulu (ama-waranti, izimali zokutshala imali noma imikhiqizo efakwe kuhlu, phakathi kwabanye).
Njengomphumela wokuhamba kwe-bearish ezimakethe, ngeke usalinda ukuthambekela kwempahla yezezimali ukuze kuguqulwe ukuze kutholakale inzuzo eyinhloko. Ngisho nasezimo ezingezinhle kakhulu uzokwazi ukuthola inzuzo ebonakalayo ezikhundleni zakho. Ngale ndlela, kuzo zonke izikhundla ungasebenza ukuthuthukisa isimo esijwayelekile sama-akhawunti akho.
Lo nyaka unzima kakhulu kubatshalizimali bendabuko ngokwengeziwe ngenxa yokuguquguquka okungahambi kahle kwezimali, hhayi iSpanishi kuphela, kepha zonke izimakethe zamasheya zomhlaba wonke. Ukungabaza okuningi okukhonjiswa ngumnotho wamazwe omhlaba kudluliselwe ezimakethe ngokushesha. Njengamanje kunzima kakhulu ukuthola ama-euro ambalwa wenzuzo ekusebenzeni kwendabuko kokuthenga nokuthengisa amasheya. Ukuza ngisho ekuphelelweni yithemba kwabatshalizimali abathengisa.
Kepha uma ubhekene nalesi simo esidumazayo esivezwa yimakethe yamasheya, akufanele ukhathazeke ngokweqile ngoba kusukela manje uzokwazi ukuvula izikhundla ezibuyela emuva. Kuyini lokhu kuhamba? Sizokuchazela zona ukuze uzuze kuzo, futhi ikakhulukazi lapho ungasebenzisa khona imikhiqizo yezezimali. Ngoba azikhawulelwanga kuphela emakethe yamasheya, kepha ezinye izindlela ziyavulwa uma ufuna ukutshala imali oyilondolozile kusukela manje kuqhubeke.
Yikuphi ukuhamba okuphambene nalokho?
Babizwa kanjalo lapho usebenzisa ngokunenzuzo ukuwa ezimakethe zezimali ukuthatha izikhundla. Ngenkathi ukwehla kukhulunywa kakhulu, kuzoba ngcono ngezintshisekelo zakho. Noma okufanayo, uzothola inzuzo ethe xaxa ekusebenzeni okuvulekile. Kungathinta inkomba, umkhakha noma inani le-equity. Njengomphumela waleli qhinga lokutshala imali eliyingqayizivele, isimo esingesihle neze ezimakethe zamasheya kungaba izindaba ezinhle kakhulu onazo uma unezindlela ezanele zokusebenza kahle.
Uma ukuvela kwenkomba yesitoko ebhentshimakhi, i-Ibex 35, kugcina ukwehla kwe-15%, kuzosho ukuthi leli kuzoba amaphesenti alinganiselwe ozoba nawo enzuzweni. Akusamele ulinde ukuthambekela kuguquke izimakethe zezezimali, kepha ungenza ukusebenza kwakho kube ngaphansi kwanoma yimuphi umkhuba, noma ungathandeki neze.
Lokhu kungukuhamba emakethe yamasheya lapho inzuzo ingaba phezulu kakhulu, ngaphezu kokujwayelekile ekusebenzeni kwendabuko. Kepha qaphela kakhulu ekusebenzeni, ngoba ungashiya futhi ama-euro amaningi endleleni. Akumangalisi ukuthi yimisebenzi ebeka izingozi eziningi. Ikakhulukazi uma okulindelwe ukutshalwa kwezimali kungafinyelelwanga. Futhi kuphela abatshalizimali abanolwazi kakhulu abasesimweni sokuvula izikhundla ngeziqinisekiso ezithile zempumelelo.
Reverse ukuhweba ngamasheya
Uma isifiso sakho ukuvula izikhundla eziguqukayo kwezokuphepha ezisohlwini lwezimakethe zamasheya, uzoba nzima kakhulu. Imikhiqizo ikhawulelwe kakhulu, futhi kuzofanele wenelise ngeziphakamiso ezimbalwa zokutshala imali. Izikhundla eziguqukayo azikafiki ekuthengweni nasekuthengisweni kwamasheya, futhi ngeke ube nokunye ongakwenza ngaphandle kokubuyela kwezinye iziphakamiso, kwezinye izimo ziba nolaka ngokwengeziwe ngenxa yemiklamo yazo.
Enye yalezi zinhlobo iziqinisekiso. Kungumkhiqizo wotshalo-mali oyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu okuyithuluzi lezimali elisuselwe noma inkontileka enikeza umthengi ilungelo, kodwa hhayi isibopho, sokuthenga noma ukuthengisa impahla engaphansi ngentengo ebekiwe ngedethi ethile yesikhathi esizayo. Ungakwenza kuzikhundla ze-bullish (put) noma ze-bearish (call).
Futhi impahla yezezimali ongasebenzela kuyo, imvamisa iyoba yinkomba yezokuphepha noma yesitoko, kepha futhi evela kwezinye izimakethe zezezimali. Kusuka entweni eluhlaza kuze kuzinsimbi eziyigugu, futhi lapho ukushintshaniswa kwamanye amazwe kungenye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu ukwenza imisebenzi ibe nenzuzo ngale mikhiqizo ekhethekile kakhulu.
Izimali zokutshala imali eziphambene
Kuyindlela ephumelela kunazo zonke yokusebenzisa ngokunenzuzo ukunyakaza kwe-bearish kwezimakethe zezezimali. Hhayi ngeze, kunamamodeli amaningana ahlangabezana nalesi sici esiyingqayizivele, ikakhulukazi exhunywe namasheya wamazwe omhlaba. Lezi yizimali zokutshala imali ezisekela inzuzo yazo ekuweni kwama-stock indices axhumene nawo.
Futhi nokuthi iphothifoliyo yabo yokutshala imali ingathuthukiswa, noma ngabe incane, nezinye izimpahla zezezimali ezivela emholweni ongaguquki. Ukuqashwa kwakho, noma kunjalo, ngeke kuhlanganise izindleko ezingeziwe, ngoba bagcina amakhomishini afanayo nakwezinye izimali zokutshala imali zohlobo oluhlukile. Futhi ngenzuzo ongayidlulisela kwezinye izimali zokwakheka okuhlukile lapho ukwehla kwemakethe yamasheya kuphelile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, futhi njengefomula yokuvikela izintshisekelo zezimpahla zakho, ungazihlukanisa neminye imodeli ekuphathweni kwazo. Imali engenayo engaguquki yendabuko kanye nokuguquguqukayo, ezinye izimali kanye namamodeli wokuqamba okusha kuzoba ezinye zeziphakamiso ongazithola ngokunikezwa kwezimali ibhange lakho noma umlamuli wezezimali azokunikeza kona. Ukuvumelanisa, ngale ndlela, a iphothifoliyo yokutshala imali elinganiselayo futhi uvulekele zonke izimo ezivelayo.
ETF, enezinhlobo eziphambene
Enye imikhiqizo yezimali egcina lezi zingqinamba ezinkontilekeni zayo izimali ezidayiswa ngokushintshana. Kepha ngesikhuthazo esisodwa, nokuthi awukwazi ukubhalisela ama-ETF abatshalizimali kuphela, kepha singenise. Banolaka ngokwengeziwe, futhi benengozi enkulu kakhulu, ukuthi kuzimo ezithile kuphela lapho ungacabanga ngokuvula izikhundla. Akumangalisi ukuthi izinzuzo zizoba zinkulu, kepha futhi nokulahleka, kuze kufike ezingeni eliyingozi kakhulu. Futhi kuphela abatshalizimali abanolwazi oluningi ezimakethe abangathwala.
Kunoma ikuphi, kunemikhiqizo eminingi engathengwa ngamakhasimende nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, kusizakala ukwehla kwezimakethe ezinkulu zezezimali. Kuzo zonke, bakhulelwe ngokuhlala okufishane kakhulu, eziguqulelwa kubude besikhathi salezi zimo.
Uma uzokhetha noma iyiphi yale mikhiqizo, ngeke ube nokunye ongakwenza ngaphandle kokushintshanisa imali ethengiswayo. hlanganisa phakathi kokuthenga nokuthengisa amasheya emakethe yamasheya nezimali ezihlanganyelweyo. Inikela ngamamodeli amahle kakhulu futhi amabi kakhulu, yize enamakhomishini athe xaxa kunalezi zindlela. Futhi lokho kungathakazelisa kakhulu ukuvikela imali yakho nokuvula izikhundla esimweni esithile sokwesaba kwemakethe yamasheya, noma okungenani nge-downtrend evelele kakhulu.
Ukuthengiswa kwezikweletu
Uma ungazimisele ukuyeka imakethe yamasheya ngaphansi kwezimo ze-bearish, uzoba nokuthengisa ngesikweletu indlela yokugcina yokwenza iminikelo yakho yemali ibe nenzuzo. Lo mkhiqizo, futhi oyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwawo, uhlobo lomsebenzi lapho kwenziwa khona inkokhelo esikhathini esimaphakathi noma eside, ngemuva kokutholwa kokuhle noma insizakalo. Futhi kuleli cala elithile kubhekiswa ku- a inani, umkhakha noma inkomba esuselwa kwizimali.
Uma ufuna ukusebenzisana nale mikhiqizo kuzodingeka kakhulu ukuthi ube nolwazi oluthile ngayo, ukuze wazi ukuthi umsebenzi uhlanganisani. Akulula ukufaka isicelo kaningi, futhi noma iliphi iphutha lokubala lingakubiza ama-euro amaningi lapho kuqedwa lo msebenzi. Hhayi ngeze, Ukuqapha kufanele kube yiyona ndlela eyinhloko yokusebenza kwakho, futhi njalo ngaphansi kweminikelo emincane engafaki izimpahla zakho engozini.
Amanye amathiphu wokuhweba phansi
Kuzoba lula kakhulu ukuthi wazi ukuthi kungenzeka kube noshintsho olusondele ekuthambekeni kwezimakethe zamasheya, ezingahamba nganoma yisiphi isikhathi kusuka ku-bullish kuya ku-bearish, futhi ngokufanayo. Futhi ngenxa yalokho, thola okuningi kulokhu kuhamba. Uma usutholakele, khetha imikhiqizo ehamba phambili ekhombisa lo mkhuba, kokubili kumasheya emakethe yamasheya, naku- ezinye izimpahla zezezimali (igolide, izimali, uwoyela, njll.).
- Okuwukuphela kwesidingo okufanele ube naso kungukuqiniseka ukuthi imakethe yamasheya icwiliswe ngempela kwinqubo ye-bearish yokujula okukhulu, ukuqondisa ukonga kunoma iyiphi yale mikhiqizo yezezimali esichazile kule ndatshana. Futhi ukwazi ngaso sonke isikhathi lokho ingozi ozoyithatha kule misebenzi izophakama kakhulu kunamamodeli ajwayelekile asuselwa kwizimali.
- Ungakhohlwa ukuthi zimayelana izinsimbi ezikhethekile zokutshala imali, enzelwe abatshalizimali abanolwazi oluningi ezimakethe. Akuyona imodeli, kunalokho, efanelekayo kubatshalizimali abancane abangenayo isiko elithile lezezimali, nangaphansi abangajwayele ukusebenza nale mikhiqizo.
- Abaphathi baklame izimali ezahlukahlukene zalezi zici, lapho izinkomba ezimelele kakhulu nemikhakha yemakethe yamasheya ngokuvamile kucatshangwa ngakho, futhi cishe azisoze zabelana ngezinkampani eyodwa noma eziningi. Yimikhiqizo eyinkimbinkimbi ukuyiqonda, lapho kuzodingeka khona ukuqiniseka kwengxenye yekhasimende ukuthi imakethe yamasheya izokwehla ezinyangeni ezizayo. Ekugcineni ukhetha imodeli yokutshala imali efaneleke kakhulu kumcimbi ngamunye.
- Lolu hlobo lotshalo-mali akufanele lwenziwe njengesiphetho ngokwalo, kodwa kunalokho lube njenge umphelelisi wokusebenza kwakho okujwayelekile. Futhi lokho kuzokuvumela, esimweni sokugcina, ukuthi usebenzise zonke izimo ezingenzeka. Futhi hhayi ngezinkunzi kuphela, njengoba ubulokhu wenza eminyakeni yamuva. Futhi lapho uzothola khona imiklamo eyengeziwe futhi eyinkimbinkimbi.