Umphathi wezimpahla waseMelika uFidelity ungowakamuva ukusekela umbono wokuthi amasheya ayindlela engcono kakhulu yokukhulisa ukonga njengamanje. Ukuze benze kanjalo, abatshalizimali kumele babe nesibindi futhi bamukele izingozi ezihilelekile kulolu hlobo lokutshalwa kwezimali. Kunoma ikuphi, iseluleko salo mthengisi siyaqhubeka nokubonisa ukuzethemba ezimakethe zamasheya, naphezu kokwanda okukhulu okubonwe eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili edlule— imakethe yesibili engcono kakhulu kusukela ngeMpi Yezwe II . Ekugcineni, lesi yisinqumo okufanele usenze mathupha noma ngeseluleko sochwepheshe.
Njengoba sibheka lokhu kubuyekezwa okuvamile, sekuyisikhathi sokucabanga ngokuba nolaka kakhulu ngokutshala imali kwakho kusukela manje. Ingabe usukulungele? Uma kunjalo, kuzodingeka uqonde izinguquko ezenzeke phakathi nalesi sikhathi. Kulokhu, embikweni wabo wakamuva wekota, ochwepheshe enkampanini yezezimali kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali bakhomba ukuthi ukulinganisa kwezinye izindawo kusezingeni eliphezulu, kodwa jikelele, kusalokhu kukude kakhulu nokuphakama kuka-2000, lapho kuqhuma khona ibhamuza le-dot-com.
Futhi kungakhohlwa ukuthi ukuxhumana okucacile ezenzweni zamabhange amakhulu awo wonke. Noma okungenani okuhambisana kakhulu. Kunoma ikuphi, kungenye yezindonga ukuvimbela ukuphahlazeka ukuthi kwenziwe emakethe yamasheya ngemiphumela emikhulu. Njengaleyo eyenzeka ngo-1987 futhi ebaluleke kunazo zonke eminyakeni engama-30 yekhulu elidlule. Ngale ndlela, kunzima kakhulu ngalezi zehlakalo ezibucayi ezingathinta iningi labatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi ukuba bathuthuke.
Isibindi emakethe yamasheya? Kukhona ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke
Enye yezinguquko ezibaluleke kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva nje ukuhlanganiswa kwemakethe yamasheya emhlabeni jikelele. Ukuxhumana kwezindawo zokushintshanisa amasheya kusobala kunanini ngaphambili, futhi noma yisiphi isenzakalo esibalulekile sinemiphumela emhlabeni jikelele. Ngamanye amazwi, izinkinga e-Eurozone azithinti nje kuphela leyo ndawo; ngokuphambene nalokho, zisakazekela kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba, njengezimakethe zamasheya zamazwe ase-Asia. Kuhlala kukhona ukuxhumana, futhi ngokuqinisekile kungaphezu kwezinye izikhathi zomlando wokutshalwa kwezimali wakamuva.
Ngale ndlela, kusobala kakhulu ukuthi izimakethe zezimali azinandaba nalokho okwenzeka kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba , kokubili ezicini ezinhle kakhulu nezingemnandi kakhulu ngezimakethe zamasheya. Kuze kube seqophelweni lokuthi kulezi zinsuku akukho lutho olungabalulekile kubatshalizimali. Konke kunomthelela, kusukela ekuguqukeni kwe-euro kuya ekungazinzini kwezepolitiki kwamanye amazwe, njengoba kwenzeka njengamanje ngezinkinga phakathi kweSpain neCatalonia, nakwezinye izimo eziningi ezifanayo.
Izindlela zokuzivikela
Esinye isici esishintshile ezimakethe zezimali ukwanda kokutholakala kwezinsimbi zokuvikela ezikhathini ezinzima kakhulu emakethe yamasheya. Enye yalezi zinsimbi ukungenelela kwamabhange amakhulu kuzo zombili izinhlangothi ze-Atlantic. Inqubomgomo yezimali ingenye yezinyathelo ezibalulekile ezithathwe ukuvimbela inhlekelele engaba khona kulezi zimakethe zezimali, njengoba kuboniswe yiBhange Elikhulu laseYurophu (i-ECB) ngemuva kwenhlekelele enkulu yezomnotho eyaqala ngo-2007.
Namuhla, lezi zikhungo zinamandla amakhulu okwenza izinqumo ukuvimbela izimo ezinjalo ezingathandeki ukuthi zenzeke ezimakethe zamasheya. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukufaka imali , njengoba iBhange Elikhulu laseYurophu kanye ne-US Federal Reserve benze. Ngempela, lokhu kungomunye wemisebenzi yabo eyinhloko: ukugcina izimakethe zamasheya zingakhuphuki kakhulu, ngoba imiphumela ingaba yingozi kakhulu ezithakazelweni zamazwe nezifunda zomhlaba wonke.
Reverse isicelo somkhiqizo
Kuze kube muva nje, bekungacabangeki ukuthi ukonga kungaba nenzuzo ngesikhathi sokwehla kwemakethe yamasheya. Kodwa-ke, ngokusebenzisa lokho okubizwa ngokuthi imikhiqizo ephambene, kungenzeka ukuthola imali kulezi zimo ezingavamile . Futhi okuningi kakhulu, ngalokho, nakuba kubiza izindleko zokuthatha izingozi ezinkulu ezikhona kuthengiselwano ngalunye. Elinye isu elinjalo lifakwe kumamodeli okutshalwa kwezimali njengezimali zokutshalwa kwezimali noma amawaranti.
Kodwa mhlawumbe inketho ethakazelisa kakhulu kubatshalizimali ukuthengiswa okufutshane . Njengoba inani lempahla ekhethiwe lehla, inzuzo engaba khona kulezi zimo ezingavamile iyanda. Lokhu kuhwebelana kubonakala ngokuthi kungenzeka kube nenzuzo enkulu, kodwa futhi kungenzeka kube nokulahlekelwa okukhulu. Lesi yisici okufanele usicabangele uma ulingeka ukutshala imali kunoma yimuphi wale mikhiqizo yezezimali.
Izimali zokutshala imali ezinobungozi obukhulu
Kunoma ikuphi, izimali zokutshala imali eziphambene ziyimodeli esetshenziswa kakhulu kubatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi abafuna lolu hlobo lokutshalwa kwezimali. Zikuvumela ukuthi ukhethe ngisho nenkomba lapho ucabanga ukuthi amanani angase ehle khona, hhayi kuphela emasheya asekhaya kodwa nakwamanye amazwe. Lokhu kufezwa ngemodeli yokutshala imali elula kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo, eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Inzuzo eyengeziwe ukuthi ingakhiwa ezinye izimpahla zezimali , kusukela kokubili imali engenayo ehleliwe kanye namasheya, noma ngisho nasezindleleni ezihlukile noma ezintsha kakhulu.
Lezi zinhlobo zezimali zokutshalwa kwezimali zifaneleka kakhulu ngezikhathi ezimfushane kakhulu zokubamba. Zilungele izimo ezithile, njengokuwa kwemakethe yamasheya okungenzeka. Ezimweni ezinjalo, cishe ungathola imali eningi, okungaphezu kwalokho obekucabanga ekuqaleni. Lokhu kuyinto obungayilindele lapho lezi zenzakalo zenzeka ezimakethe zamasheya. Lezi zindlela ezintsha zingakusiza ukuthi ukhulise imali yakho yokonga , okuholela ebhalansini elihle kakhulu ku-akhawunti yakho yokuhlola, elifanele kangcono izintshisekelo zakho njengomtshali-zimali wezitolo.
Kulula ukuthola
Enye intuthuko entsha kulezi zikhathi ezishintshayo ukuthi lokhu kunyakaza kwemakethe yamasheya okungazelelwe kungatholakala ngokuthembeka okukhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yedatha yezomnotho ekhiqizwa nsuku zonke, kodwa ikakhulukazi ngokuhlaziywa kochwepheshe bemakethe yezezimali . Kodwa-ke, kunengozi yokuthi lolu lwazi lungaphambaniswa namahemuhemu nje, kuze kube yilapho ungazithola ubambeke ekunyakazeni kwemakethe okungafuneki. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, akufanele futhi ukhohlwe ukuthi izinhlangano ezinkulu zomhlaba wonke zingalindela lezi zimo ngezinga elithile lokungakhethi.
Kulokhu, abantu abaningana abavelele baxwayise ngenkinga enkulu eyayiqala eminyakeni eyishumi edlule. Kodwa-ke, inkinga enkulu ngalezi zixwayiso ukuthi, ezimweni eziningi, akuzona zonke izakhamuzi ezikwazi ukufinyelela lolu hlobo lolwazi . Ngokuphambene nalokho, bambalwa kakhulu abazokwazi ukulindela lokhu kunyakaza emakethe yamasheya. Lokhu ngokuqinisekile kungenye yezinkinga ezinkulu okuzodingeka ubhekane nazo kusukela manje kuqhubeke.
Langazelela izenzakalo
Kuleli phuzu, abanye abalamuli bezezimali bebexoxa izinyanga eziningana ngokuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi imakethe yamasheya ibe nodlame olukhulu. Baze basikisele nokuthi kungenzeka phakathi nonyaka wezimali olandelayo. Yilapho kuzodingeka ucabangele ngokucophelela lolu hlobo lolwazi ukuze unqume ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokushintsha kakhulu iphothifoliyo yakho yokutshalwa kwezimali. Ungase ungabi nakukhetha ngaphandle kokuphendukela ezimpahleni eziphephile ezingaba nenzuzo enkulu kulezi zimo ezingezinhle ezimakethe zamasheya zomhlaba wonke.
Isikhathi sokutshala imali kwenye yezimpahla ezaziswa kakhulu. Lapho kufanele ulindele khona imicimbi. Okuthile okunzima kakhulu ukwenzeka ngaphandle kokuthi ukwiziteshi zezinqumo. Ngeke ube nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokuqiniseka ngokungenzeka ezinyangeni ezintathu, ezinhlanu, noma ngaphezulu. Yize kunjalo ongakwenza kungukuvikela kakhulu utshalomali lwakho. Isibonelo, ukusuka emalini kuya emikhiqizweni yasebhange noma ngisho nasezimalini zokutshala imali. Ngenhloso enkulu yokuvikela ukonga kwakho ekuqhekekeni okuqinile njengalezo ezenzeka ekuphahlazekeni ezimakethe zezimali.
Awukwazi ukukhohlwa ukuthi uma kwenzeka, ungalahlekelwa ngaphezu kwengxenye yeminikelo yakho yezezimali unomphela. Kuyinto ebucayi kakhulu ukukwenza ucabange kusukela manje kuqhubeke. Ngoba omunye wemithetho eyisisekelo kumasheya ukuthi akudingekile ukuthi kutshalwe imali ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kuyiphutha elikhulu elingenza ulahlekelwe yimali eningi. Ngesixazululo esilula kakhulu ohlangothini lwakho futhi lokho kuqukethe ukuthatha izikhundla lapho isimo sezimakethe zezimali sikweluleka kanjalo. Ngaphandle kokwenza lokho kufanele utshale imali ngokungadingekile futhi uthathe izingozi eziningi. Vele ngaphezu kokudingekayo. Ngamafuphi, kukwenza ucabange ukuthi kufanele yini ukwamukela lezi zingozi eziphakeme noma cha.