Ukucinywa kukagesi kwakamuva okushiye izigidi zezakhamuzi zaseNhlonhlweni Yase-Iberia zisebumnyameni ivuselele inkulumo-mpikiswano ngeqhaza lamandla avuselelekayo ekuqinisekiseni ukuvikeleka kokuphakelwa kukagesi. Ngesehlo sangomhla zingama-28 kuMbasa, 2025, iSpain nePortugal zahlangabezana nenye yezinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu zamandla, izimbangela zazo ezisaxazululwa futhi zidala impikiswano kuwo womabili amazinga ezobuchwepheshe nezepolitiki.
Nakuba amandla abuyiselwe phakathi namahora ambalwa kunethiwekhi enkulu, isigameko sidalule ubungozi besakhiwo. ohlelweni lukagesi lukazwelonke. Ngenkathi ucwaningo luqhubeka, kugxilwe emandleni avuselelekayo, okugxekwe ubunzima bawo ekuhlinzekeni ukuzinza uma kuqhathaniswa nemithombo evamile efana ne-nuclear noma i-thermal.
Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokucisha ugesi ngo-April 28?
Cishe ngo-12:32 p.m., a Ukuwa kukagesi kwanqamula inhlonhlo ohlelweni lwaseYurophu., okushiya izigidi zabasebenzisi bengenawo ugesi eSpain, Portugal nasezingxenyeni eziseningizimu yeFrance. Ngokusho kwe-Red Eléctrica de España (REE), kube nokwehla okungazelelwe kwesizukulwane se-photovoltaic, nokulahlekelwa amandla angu-15 gigawatts ngemizuzwana emihlanu nje eningizimu-ntshonalanga yenhlonhlo, okwenze phansi lonke uhlelo ngesikhashana nje.
Ukucima kuhambisane nokuba khona okuphezulu kwemithombo evuselelekayo kugridi, ikakhulukazi ilanga nomoya.. Ngaleso sikhathi, ngaphezu kuka-60% kagesi waseSpain wawuvela emithonjeni evuselelekayo. Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe nezinhlangano ezifana ne-Renewable Foundation zigcizelela ukuthi ukunqanyulwa okukhulu kwaba umphumela, hhayi umsuka wenkinga.
Ama-hypotheses okuqala akhombe ekuhlaselweni kwe-inthanethi okungenzeka noma izenzakalo ezidlulele zomkhathi; Kodwa-ke, zombili iziphathimandla ze-REE nezaseYurophu nezamaPutukezi Bakhipha isinqumo sokucekelwa phansi kwekhompyutha. Okunye ukuhlaziya kusikisela ukuthi imbangela kube inhlanganisela yokwehluleka kwentambo kagesi, ukungaxhumeki kahle ne-France, kanye nobunzima bokuphatha igridi ebuswa amandla avuselelekayo.
Inkulumompikiswano mayelana nokuzinza kwamandla avuselelekayo
Ubunzima bezinto ezivuselelekayo ekunikezeni inertia kanye nokuqina kugridi kube yindaba okuxoxwa ngayo ezinsukwini ezilandela ukucisha ugesi. Imithombo evamile efana nezitshalo zamandla enuzi, ezishisayo, noma zikagesi ngamanzi inikeza inertia yemvelo yemishini esiza ukudambisa ama-oscillation kanye nokugcina imvamisa yegridi. Okuvuselelekayo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuvame ukuxhunywa ngezinhlelo ze-elekthronikhi ezinganikezi lokhu kuzinza ngokuqondile, okubenza babe sengcupheni yokushintsha okungazelelwe kokufunwa noma ukunikezwa.
Ochwepheshe okuxoxwe nabo bagcizelela isidingo samasistimu okugcina kanye nobuchwepheshe bokulawula obuthuthukisiwe (okufana ne-Power Oscillation Damping, i-POD) ukuze kunqandwe ukuguquguquka. Nokho, Iningi lepaki yamandla avuselelekayo e-Spain lisashoda ngalezi zisetshenziswa., njengoba ukwamukelwa kwayo akukakaphoqelekile kumthamo omusha ofakiwe.
Ukuhlaziya okuhlukile kobuchwepheshe kuyavuma ukuthi isistimu yeSpanishi ibisebenza ngomkhawulo wokuphepha owanele., ngokusekelwa okwanele okuvamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-REE ngokuvamile ikhawulela umjovo wamandla avuselelekayo ukuze kugcinwe ukuzinza lapho kubhekene nezingozi ezingaba khona. Ukuvalwa okukhulu kwezitshalo zamandla elanga nawenuzi, ngokwengxenye, kwakuyimpendulo yokusebenza ekwehleni kwemvamisa nokulahlekelwa kokuvumelanisa, kunokuba kube umsuka wenkinga.
Isimo se-inertia ephansi sigcizelelwa lapho igridi incike ezitshalweni eziningi ezivuselelekayo ngaphandle kokufaka okwanele okuvamile. Leli qiniso, elihambisana nokuxhumana okulinganiselwe ne-Europe (okuncane kancane okungama-3-5% womthamo ofakiwe, ngaphansi kakhulu kokuhlosiwe kwe-EU), kuvimbela ukungeniswa kwamandla anele ukulinganisa kabusha igridi ezimeni ezibucayi. I-Peninsula yase-Iberia isalokhu "isiqhingi sikagesi", ikakhulukazi engozini yokuwa kwalolu hlobo.
Izici zobuchwepheshe nezomuntu: Yini eyonakele?
Ophenyweni lokuqala, kutholakale ukuthi Ukunqanyulwa okuzenzakalelayo kwezitshalo zamandla elanga nawenuzi kwenzeke lapho ifrikhwensi yegridi yehla. ngaphandle kwemingcele ephephile. Le mpendulo, ehlelelwe izivumelwano, ivimbele umonakalo omkhulu kwingqalasizinda, kodwa yaba mubi kakhulu umphumela we-domino obangele ukucisha ugesi ngokuphelele.
Ochwepheshe abaningi bakhomba ukuntuleka kokwenziwa kwengqalasizinda yesimanjemanje, ukutholakala okulinganiselwe kwezinhlelo zokugcina amandla, kanye nokunensa kokuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bokulawula obuphambili njengezindawo ezibalulekile okufanele kubhekwane nazo. Ngokufanayo, i- Ukuntuleka kwezinqubo zokuxhumanisa kanye nokuxhumana okuphumelelayo phakathi kwabaqhubi, ochwepheshe nezinhlangano nazo zaba nomthelela ebunzimeni bokulindela nokuphatha isimo esiphuthumayo.
Abanye ochwepheshe be-Red Eléctrica baxwayisa ngokuthi imithetho yamanje ayikadingi ukuqaliswa okubanzi kwezinhlelo ezifana ne-POD emapaki amandla avuselelekayo, okwenza kube nzima ukunqanda ukuguquguquka lapho kubhekene nokuphazamiseka okukhulu. Ngokuphambene, ukuqedwa kwemithombo evamile efana nenuzi negesi kungase, ngokwemibiko eminingana, kunciphise ukuqina kwesistimu uma uguquko lungahambisani nezinyathelo zobuchwepheshe ezifanele.
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-CNMC kanye ne-Redeia sekuxwayise kakade mayelana nezingozi zesistimu evuselelekayo elawulwa ngaphandle kwengqalasizinda eyanele yokusekela, ikakhulukazi ngezinsuku zokufunwa okuphansi kanye nokukhiqizwa okuphezulu kwelanga, njengoba kwenzeka ngosuku lokucisha kukagesi.
Izimpendulo zesikhungo kanye nezinhlelo zesikhathi esizayo
UMengameli uPedro Sánchez umemezele ukusungulwa kwekhomishana yophenyo ezocacisa ngezimbangela zalesi sinqumo. futhi yafuna ukusebenzisana kwazo zonke izinkampani zikagesi ukuze zamukele ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokuhlinzekwa kwesiqinisekiso. Ngokuhambisanayo, i-European Union kanye ne-ENTSO-E (I-European Network of Transmission Operators for Electricity) sebevele bethule amaphaneli ochwepheshe ukuthuthukisa izincomo nokuqinisa ukuqina kwezinhlelo ezixhumene.
Ngokwengxenye yabo, opharetha benethiwekhi base-Iberia naseFrance basebenze ekudalweni kwe "iziqhingi zikagesi" kanye nasekubuyiseleni okuqhubekayo ngokugeleza okuvela e-France nase-Morocco, kusebenze izivumelwano zenhlekelele ezingakaze zibonwe esifundeni.
Ukucinywa kukagesi kube yisikhumbuzo sesidingo sokusheshisa ukutshalwa kwezimali ekuxhumekeni kwamazwe ngamazwe, ukugcinwa kwamandla, nokuvumelana nezimo zobuchwepheshe ukuze kuphathwe ngendlela efanele izinto ezivuselelekayo kugridi. Izinhlangano ezifana ne-Greenpeace, i-Renewable Foundation, kanye ne-Ecologists in Action zigcizelela ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwamandla akufanele kumiswe, kodwa kufanele kuhambisane nokuthuthukiswa kokuhlolwa kwezigameko, ukwanda komthamo wesitoreji, nemithethonqubo eqinisekisa ibhalansi yobuchwepheshe yegridi.
Ngaphandle kwezimbangela eziqondile, lesi sigameko siye sagqamisa Inselele yokuhlanganisa ukuzibophezela kumandla ahlanzekile nesibopho sokuqinisekisa ukuhlinzekwa okuphephile nokuzinzile. Inqubekelaphambili ebheke kusistimu yamandla avuselelekayo engu-100% izoqhubeka, kodwa izigameko ezifana nalezi zibonisa ukubaluleka kokuqinisa igridi, ukutshala imali ezixazululweni zesitoreji, kanye nokulungiswa kwemithetho ukuze ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezivuselelekayo kungalimazi ukwethembeka kohlelo lukagesi lwaseSpain.