Ukwehla kwemali

Ukwehla kwamandla emali kuphambene nokuthi i-inflation ingaba yini. Lo mbhalo uzozama ukuchaza ukuthi ukhuluma ngani, kungani ukhona, izinzuzo nobubi be-deflation. Ngokuphikisana nokuphikisana kwayo esijwayelene kakhulu nakho, ukwehla kwamandla emali. Uma ukwehla kwamandla emali kuba ukukhuphuka kwamanani entengo, ukwehla kwemali ukwehla okujwayelekile kwamanani. Kodwa-ke, kungani kwesinye isikhathi kwenzeka, kwesinye isikhathi kwenzeka okunye, futhi kungani kwenzeka ngokwesibonelo ezikhathini zanamuhla?

Ingabe ikhona indlela yokuthola inzuzo ethile kuyo? Iqiniso ukuthi kwenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile, akuyona into ejwayelekile futhi imvamisa ayilindeli ikusasa eliqhakazile Ukukhuluma ngokwezomnotho. Imvamisa iza lapho ukunikezwa kweqa okudingekayo, okungukuthi, lapho ukusetshenziswa kusifa. Lokhu kukhiqizwa okweqile kwezimpahla noma imikhiqizo kuhambisana nokwehla okujwayelekile kwamanani, futhi kulapho i-deflation iqala khona, ikakhulukazi uma lokhu kwehla kwenzeka emikhakheni eminingi ehlukene.

Kuyini ukwehla?

I-Deflation yaziwa nangokuthi ukwehla kwamandla emali okwaziwayo. Ngokuvamile kulungiswa ukunikezwa okweqile lokho "okuphoqa" ukuthi kugcine kwehlise amanani entengo yezimpahla ezingathengwa. Lokhu kudlondlobala ngokweqile kungabekelwa ukwehluleka ukuthola izimpahla ngabantu, noma ngokuntuleka kwezikhuthazo kanye / noma nogqozi lokuzithola. Imvamisa kuhlotshaniswa nezinkinga zomnotho, futhi izibonelo ezinhle zalokhu kungaba Ukwehla Okukhulu Kwezomnotho okwadlula ngeminyaka yama-1930 noma i-Financial Crisis yango-2008. Kulezi zimo, izinkampani, ezifuna ukuqeda umkhiqizo wazo hhayi ukuqoqa imali, indlela yokugcina yehlise amanani ukuze imikhawulo yenzuzo yabo yehliswe.

Imiphumela emphakathini imvamisa ithinta amaphuzu afana nokusatshalaliswa kwengcebo nokungalingani emphakathini. Lo mkhuba uvame ukuqhamuka eqinisweni lokuthi ababolekisi bahlomula kakhulu kunabakweletwayo, okumele izibopho zabo ziqhubeke nokukhokha.

Izimbangela, njengoba sesibonile, imvamisa zimbili, ukunikezwa ngokweqile noma ukuntuleka kwesidingo. Inezinzuzo ezimbalwa kakhulu, futhi inamaphutha ambalwa, esizobona ngezansi.

Izinzuzo

Izazi zezomnotho zesikole sase-Austrian ziphikisa ngokuthi ukwehla kwamandla emiphumela kunemiphumela emihle. Okuwukuphela kwenjabulo engatholwa manje yilokho njengoba amanani ehla, amandla okuthenga abathengi azokwenyuka, ikakhulukazi leyo yalabo abanemali. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kucabanga okungafani nakho kucabanga ukuthi ukwehla kwamandla emali kuletha inkinga kwezomnotho esikhathini esifushane.

nebubi

I-Deflation iqukethe uchungechunge olubanzi lwemiphumela emibi emnothweni esizoyibona ngezansi. Kodwa-ke, ngaphezu kwawo wonke amaqiniso nezimo okuvela kukho, ingozi yokwehla kwamandla emandla ilele kalula ekuweleni embuthanweni onobungozi nokuthi kunzima kangakanani ukuphuma kuwo.

• Umsebenzi wezomnotho uyancipha.
• Isidingo sincishisiwe, kungaba ngenxa yokunikezwa ngokweqile noma amandla okuthenga. Imikhiqizo eminingi kunaleyo engadingeka empilweni.
• Ukwehliswa kwamaphethelo enzuzo ezinkampanini.
• Kuthinta ukungasebenzi lapho kugcina kukhula.
• Ukungaqiniseki komnotho kufinyelela emazingeni aphezulu.
• Dala ukwanda kwamanani wenzalo yangempela.

Uyabona ukuthi kunzima kanjani ukumisa lo mjikelezo onzima onzima. Uma isidingo sincishisiwe, futhi imishado yehla, ukungasebenzi kugcina kukhula. Ngokulandelayo, uma ukungasebenzi kungakhuphuka, isidingo singakwazi futhi ngokuqinisekile sizoqhubeka ukwehla.

Izibonelo ze-deflation kuwo wonke umlando

Sibonile ukuthi ukwehla kwamandla emali kushaye kanjani ngemuva kwezinkinga ezinzima ezaba khona ngawo-1930 kanye nenkinga yezezimali ngonyaka ka-2008. bekulokhu kuyinto eyehlukile futhi engajwayelekile kulo lonke ikhulu leminyaka elidlule singathola izibonelo zamazwe ahlupheke ngakho.

Ngezinye izikhathi kuthiwa 'ukwenziwa kweJapan' komnotho kuchaze ukusabela kwe-ECB kumazinga enzalo aphansi ngokulingisa isimilo seCentral Bank yaseJapan. Lesi sikhathi sokumiswa kwamanani wenzalo ephansi sihambisane nokwehla kwamandla emali okwaqala ngawo-90 futhi okusaqhubeka nanamuhla. Ukwehla kwentengo eqongelelwayo sekuvele kungama-25%.

Ngenkinga yamanje, i-specter ye-deflation isondela nakakhulu, ngoba ukubukeka kwayo bekuvele kusatshwa ngaphambili. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, amazwe athuthukile abelokhu ehlisa amazinga enzalo yawo, futhi sikwazile ukubona ama-bond ngamanani amabi kaningi nangaphezulu, obekungokokujwayelekile obekungacabangeki. Isibonelo, unyaka ngaphambi kokuba kuqale le nkinga enkulu yezempilo, ngoFebhuwari 2019, ingqikithi yamazwe athuthukile angama-37 ayesevele ehlisa amazinga awo wenzalo. I-Deflation iyingozi yangempela okunzima kakhulu ukuyixazulula futhi inkuthazo yokuyivimba inamandla kakhulu.

Imiphumela yomnotho waseSpain

Ukwehla kwesimo eSpain kunomphumela omubi obhebhethekisa kakhulu. Eqinisweni, kule nyanga kaJulayi, i-CPI ibingu -0% kunjalo izinga lonyaka lizohlala liku -0%, kepha u-Agasti uhambisane nokunyuka okungu-0% ukubeka izinga lonyaka ku -1%. Yimiphi imiphumela ukwehla kwamandla emali komnotho waseSpain? Ukwehla kwentengo yesikhathi eside nokusabalala kunganikeza amandla amakhulu okuthenga kubathengi. Kodwa-ke, imikhawulo yenzuzo yezinkampani iyancishiswa.

Uma izindleko zabasebenzi zigcinwa futhi ukungaqashwa kukhulu kakhulu, njengoba kwenzeka eSpain, i-cocktail eqhumayo iyingozi kakhulu, ngoba ziyizinto ezimbili ezidlelanayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinkampani ziphoqeleka ukunciphisa imingcele yenzuzo yazo ukuze ziqhubeke nokuncintisana. Lokhu kubavimba ekutholeni izinzuzo zebhizinisi ezifunwayo, kanye nokuba nemali yokwenza imali. Lokhu kungaholela ekuqandeni noma ekwehliseni umholo wabasebenzi, ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kokucwila ngenxa yokushoda kwemali. Uma kulokhu kwengezwa ukungabi khona kokonga komndeni ngamunye, kungenzeka ukuthi ukuvinjelwa okukhulu kokusetshenziswa kwangaphakathi kwezwe kungabhebhetheka. Ngokuncipha kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe nokwenyuka kwezikweletu zomphakathi ngemuva kwenkinga, i-specter yokwehla kwamandla emali ingaba neminyaka eminingi yebhonanza phambili.