Uma sibhekisela kuleli gama elisha, ukubolekisa ngezindlu, sikhuluma ngomkhuba emkhakheni wokutshalwa kwezimali. Ngawo, noma ubani angafinyelela izindlu ngomnikelo omncane wezezimali. Lokhu kufezwa ngochungechunge lwamaphrojekthi ezindlu aqalwe ngamapulatifomu athile anesibopho sokuwasebenzisa. Empeleni, kumayelana nokutshala imali emkhakheni wezindlu, kodwa ngaphandle kokuphendukela ezimakethe zezimali, futhi ngokuqinisekile hhayi ngokuthenga nokuthengisa amasheya kulesi sigaba sobungcweti e-stock exchange. Kunoma ikuphi, kungumqondo omusha onganikeza imbuyiselo engaba ngu-15%.
Lokhu kutshalwa kwezimali kuqhutshwa amandla amanje omkhakha wokwakha eSpain, njengoba kufakazelwa idatha yakamuva evela embonini. Ngempela, inani lezentengiselwano zokuthengisa likhuphukile ezinyangeni zamuva nje, ngomsebenzi omkhulu emakethe kanye nokwenyuka kwamanani ezindlu, kokubili ezakhiweni ezintsha kanye nezindlu eziqashisayo.
"Amadolobha amakhulu nezindawo zasemadolobheni amakhulu" ahole ukukhula kwamanani ezindlu eSpain ngo-2017, ngokukhuphuka konyaka nonyaka okungu-7,5% ngoDisemba, uma kuqhathaniswa nesilinganiso sikazwelonke esingu-4,5%, ngokusho kwezibalo ze-IMI General and Major Markets zanyanga zonke ezihlanganiswe yinkampani yokulinganisa izindlu kanye nokweluleka iTinsa. Inani elimaphakathi lempahla lihlala emazingeni abonwe ngoNovemba 2013 , ngokwehla okuhlanganisiwe okungu-38,6% kusukela ngo-2007. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi yisikhathi esihle sokubuyela ezindlini njengendlela yokutshala imali.
Ukuqoqwa kwezindlu nezakhiwo, kuyini?
Lolu hlelo olusha lokutshalwa kwezimali luqhutshwa yintshisekelo yabasebenzisi emkhakheni wezindlu. Lusebenza ngesu elinamacala amabili yizinhlangothi ezimbili ezihilelekile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunezinkundla ezikwazi ukuthola uxhaso lwezimali lwale miklamo yezindlu ngaphandle kokudinga ukuphendukela kubabolekisi bendabuko. Bazozuza ukonga okukhulu ngokukhokha inzalo encane kumali abayinikezayo kula maphrojekthi. Ngenxa yalokhu kuthambekela, bayakwazi ukutshala imali kumaphrojekthi amaningi alolu hlobo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona abatshalizimali abancane abangathola imbuyiselo ephezulu ekongeni kwabo kunaleyo enikezwa yimikhiqizo eyahlukene yezezimali. Inzuzo ngokuvamile iphakathi kuka-2,50% no-14% . Kunoma ikuphi, lokhu kumelela izinga lenzalo eliphakeme kunalelo elinikezwa amamodeli asebhange avamile (amadiphozithi esikhathi esinqunyiwe, ama-akhawunti okonga anezinzuzo eziphezulu, amanothi esithembiso asebhange, njll.). Kuzo zonke izimo, imbuyiselo ayidluli ku-1%, okuwumphumela wenqubomgomo yeBhange Elikhulu LaseYurophu (i-ECB) yokwehlisa amazinga enzalo.
Ngamamajini aphezulu kunamasheya
Ukubolekisana ngezindlu kudlula inzuzo etholakala njengamanje ngenzuzo engaguquki . Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lokhu kutshalwa kwezimali okwamanje akwenzi kahle ngenxa yokungazinzi kwemakethe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungathuthukisa nokusebenza kwamasheya ezimweni eziningi. Kulokhu, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi inkomba yesitoko saseSpain esezingeni elifanele, i-Ibex 35, yanda ngo-8% ngonyaka odlule, kanti iningi lezilinganiso zaseYurophu landa cishe ngo-13%. Ngalo mqondo, ukubolekisana ngezindlu kungadlula ngisho nalezi zilinganiso.
Kodwa-ke, imbuyiselo yalolu tshalomali olusha incike entengo yendawo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Ngakho-ke kuyimbuyiselo yesizini, njengoba ngeke ihlale ifana unyaka nonyaka. Okusho ukuthi, ngezikhathi zokukhula kokwakha, kungaholela ekubuyiselweni okuphezulu. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ngesikhathi sokwehla komnotho, izinga lenzalo layo lingawa liye emazingeni aphansi kakhulu, cishe ngo-1% noma u-2%. Ngalo mqondo, ukukhetha isikhathi esifanele sokutshala imali kulezi zinhlelo zezindlu kubalulekile, njengoba kungadala umehluko omkhulu enzuzweni.
Kwenziwa kanjani ukutshalwa kwemali?
Uma unesifiso sokutshala imali yakho kulezi zinhlobo zamapulatifomu ezindlu, kuzodingeka uqonde inqubo yokumaketha. Okokuqala, amapulatifomu ezindlu aphatha ukubolekwa kwemali amemezela amaphrojekthi awo ngamawebhusayithi awo. Lawa mawebhusayithi achaza zonke izici zephrojekthi ngayinye , kusukela kuzici zayo ezithile kuya enzuzweni engaba khona, kanye nobude bephrojekthi.
Uma iphrojekthi ikukhanga, okudingeka ukwenze nje ukutshala imali kuyo. Uzoba nesikhathi sokutshala imali esibekiwe, futhi ekupheleni kwaleso sikhathi, uzobuyisa imali oyitshalile kanye nenzalo ehambisanayo. Azikho izimali noma ezinye izindleko ezihlobene nokuphathwa noma ukulungiswa kwayo. Kunoma ikuphi, uxhaso lwephrojekthi lungase luvele lumbozwe ngeminikelo evela kwabanye abatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi abasesimweni esifanayo.
Ulwazi olusobala
Enye yezinto ezikhathaza kakhulu abatshalizimali abangaba khona mayelana nalokhu kutshalwa kwezimali okuyingqayizivele ukuthi ngabe lolu hlelo lokuthola imbuyiselo ekongeni luphephile ngokuphelele. Ukuqinisekisa lokhu, awunakukhetha ngaphandle kokuthola lolu lwazi nge-Spanish National Securities Market Commission (CNMV). Lawa mapulatifomu okubambisana ayadingeka ukuthi athumele lonke ulwazi lwawo enhlanganweni elawulayo yaseSpain. Ngakho-ke, kufanele uhwebe nezinkampani ezibhaliswe kahle kuphela. Uma zingabhalisiwe, kungcono ukulahla inhloso yakho yokutshala imali kula maphrojekthi ezindlu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuyiqiniso ukuthi lezi zinkundla azikho njengamanje eziqinile emakethe yokubolekisana kwezindlu ekhona. Kodwa okungenani ziyatholakala ukuze zihlangabezane nalesi sidingo esithile ongase ube naso nganoma yisiphi isikhathi empilweni yakho. Zigxile kakhulu emadolobheni amakhulu esizwe, njengeMadrid neBarcelona, ​​​​ngaphezu kwamanye. Ngoba zisezindaweni lapho amaphrojekthi ethuthukiswa khona, futhi kusukela manje kuqhubeke uzoba omunye umtshali-zimali.
Ukusebenza ekusebenzeni
Kunoma ikuphi, okuzokuthakazelisa kakhulu yinzuzo engaba khona ongayithola ngalezi zivumelwano zezindlu. Zisebenza ngaphakathi kobubanzi obuguquguqukayo kakhulu, zifinyelela ku-15% . Lesi yisizathu esibaluleke kakhulu sokuthi wamukele esinye salezi ziphakamiso ezinikezwa amapulatifomu okubambisana. Kodwa-ke, kufanele futhi ucabangele isikhathi sokuthengiselana. Ngempela, kungathatha noma yikuphi kusukela ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kuya eminyakeni eminingana ukuthola umvuzo wakho ofanele.
Le nzalo izokhokhwa uma iphrojekthi oyikhethile ivuthwa . Njengoba uzobona, imbuyiselo ayifani kuphrojekthi ngayinye. Kunalokho, inikeza izinzuzo ezihlukene kuye ngezici zayo. Esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu indawo yesakhiwo, njengoba lokhu kuzonquma ukuthi sinikeza imbuyiselo ephezulu noma ephansi.
Izimali okufanele zikhokhwe
Esinye isici esichazayo sokubolekisana ngezindlu ukuthi ungatshala imali kusukela ku-€50 kuphela . Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukutshala imali kuzo zonke izabelomali zasekhaya futhi umehluko omkhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nemikhiqizo yezezimali evamile. Ngenxa yalokhu kutshalwa kwezimali okuncane, ngeke kudingeke wenze umzamo omkhulu wezezimali ukuze utshale imali kula maphrojekthi. Kodwa-ke, kunomkhawulo omkhulu ongeke uwudlule nganoma yisiphi isikhathi: cishe u-€10.000 ngephrojekthi ngayinye oyinikezwayo. Mhlawumbe lokhu kungenye yezingqinamba ezinkulu zokwamukela imigomo yayo: amanani alinganiselwe kakhulu kuzo zonke izimo.
Ngenkathi ngakolunye uhlangothi, ungakhetha phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamaphrojekthi wezezakhiwo. Kokubili kulokho okubhekisela ekutholakaleni kwezakhiwo, kanye nemodi yokuqasha. Ngokuya ngokuncamelayo kulo mkhakha obalulekile wezomnotho waseSpain. Kunoma ikuphi, iminikelo yakho yezezimali kufanele ivele kwi-akhawunti yakho ejwayelekile yasebhange. Njengembuyiselo oyothola lapho kuphela imigomo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, bazonqunyelwa umkhawulo ngaphambi kokuba usayine ukusebenza ngeplatifomu yokusebenzisana.
Izingozi zokusebenza
Esinye isici okufanele usikhumbule kusukela manje kuqhubeke ukuthi lokhu kuthengiselana akunangozi. Kulokhu, esinye sezingozi ezibaluleke kakhulu ukuthi akukho nzalo eqondile, futhi asinakuqinisekiswa kusukela ekuqaleni. Ngokuphambene nalokho, lokhu kuthengiselana kwezentengiselwano okulawulwa amandla emakethe. Amanani enzalo angashintshashintsha kakhulu kuye ngokuthi wenza nini ukuthengiselana. Isikhathi siyisihluthulelo sokuvikela izintshisekelo zakho, njengoba umehluko ungadlula u-20%. Ngakho-ke, kuyalulekwa ukukhetha isikhathi esifanele kakhulu sokwenza lokhu kutshalwa kwezimali kube ngokomthetho.