Ukutshala imali nokuqagela amagama amabili afanayo kodwa ahlukene. Nakuba enye isekela izinqumo zayo ezisekelweni eziphikisana kahle, enye yenza imisebenzi yayo ngengozi enkulu kakhulu nokungaqiniseki. Ake sibone-ke ukuthi ukutshalwa kwezimali kwehluka kanjani ekuqageleni.
Yini ukutshala imali
Ukutshalwa kwezimali kungaba ngezindlela eziningi ezahlukene, ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezisekelwe emalini, esikhathini noma emandleni. Ngomqondo wezezimali waleli gama, ukutshala imali kusho thenga futhi udayise izimpahla njengezitoko, amabhondi, izimali ezihweba ngokuhwebelana (ETF), ama-mutual funds, neminye imikhiqizo yezezimali ehlukahlukene. Abatshalizimali balindele ukwenza inzuzo noma inzuzo ngenzuzo eyanelisayo wemali yakho ukulinganisa ubungozi obumaphakathi noma obungaphansi kwesilinganiso. Imali engenayo ingase ibe uhlobo lokwazisa yenani lempahla eyisisekelo, izinzuzo zezikhathi ezithile noma izinkokhelo zenzalo, noma imbuyiselo ephelele yemali oyisebenzisile. Isikhathi esiningi, ukutshala imali Kuyisenzo sokuthenga nokubamba impahla isikhathi eside. Ukuze uhlukanise njengefa lesikhathi eside, umtshali-zimali kufanele abambe impahla okungenani unyaka owodwa.
Isibonelo sokutshalwa kwezimali
Ake sibeke inkampani enkulu ezinzile yamazwe ngamazwe kumongo njengesibonelo sokutshala izimali. Le nkampani ingase ikhokhe i-dividend eqhubekayo ekhula minyaka yonke futhi ingase ibe nengozi ephansi yokuhweba. Umtshali-zimali angakhetha ukutshala imali kule nkampani isikhathi eside ukuze athole imbuyiselo egculisayo enhlokodolobha yakhe kuyilapho ethatha ubungozi obuncane uma kuqhathaniswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umtshali-zimali Ungangeza izinkampani eziningana ezifanayo ezimbonini ezihlukene kuphothifoliyo yakho ukuze uqhubeke uhlukanise futhi unciphise ubungozi bakho. Ukuhlaziya nophenyo Ziyingxenye ebalulekile yenqubo yokutshala izimali. Imayelana nokuhlola izimpahla ezihlukene, imikhakha namaphethini noma amathrendi okwenzeka ezimakethe. Abatshalizimali bangasebenzisa amathuluzi afana ukuhlaziya okuyisisekelo noma uchwepheshe ukukhetha amasu akho okutshala imali noma dweba amaphothifoliyo akho. Ngokusebenzisa ukuhlaziya okuyisisekelo, abatshalizimali inganquma ukuthi yiziphi izici ezithinta inani lezibambiso, kusukela ku-microeconomic kuya ku-macroeconomic factor. Ukuhlaziywa kobuchwepheshe, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kusebenzisa izitayela zezibalo njengezintengo zesitoko namavolumus ukuthola amathuba emakethe.
Isifundo sokutshalwa kabusha kwe-dividend (okubomvu) ngokuqhathaniswa nokungatshali-zimali kabusha (okunsundu) kumasheya e-Coca Cola (KO). Umthombo: Joshua Kennon.
Yini ukuqagela
Ukuqagela kuyisenzo sika ukubeka imali kumaphrojekthi wezezimali namathuba aphezulu okuhluleka. Ukuqagela bheka izinzuzo eziphezulu ngokungavamile yokubheja engaya ngakwelinye icala noma kwelinye. Nakuba ukuqagela kuqhathaniswa nokugembula, akufani ncamashi, kusukela abaqageli bazama ukwenza isinqumo esinolwazi mayelana nesiqondiso sokuhwebelana kwabo. Kodwa-ke, ubungozi bokuqagela obukhona emsebenzini buvame ukuba phezulu kakhulu kunesilinganiso. Laba bahwebi bathenga impahla ngethemba lokuthi izobanjwa isikhashana ngaphambi kokuthi bayidayise. Bangakwazi ukungena njalo futhi baphume endaweni.
Isibonelo sokuqagela
Ake sibeke inkampani yezimayini zegolide eguquguqukayo esimweni njengesibonelo sokuqagela. Le nkampani entsha yezimayini zegolide unethuba elifanayo lesikhashana lokukhuphuka kusukela ekutholweni kwemayini yegolide entsha noma ukumemezela ukuqothuka. Ngaphandle kwezindaba ezivela enkampanini, abatshalizimali bebengakugwema ukwenza lokhu okuyingozi. Nokho, abanye abaqagela bangakholwa yini ukuthi inkampani yezimayini zegolide izothola igolide futhi ungathenga amasheya ayo ngokulandela umuzwa wakho wemvelo. Lo msebenzi womtshali-zimali ongokwemvelo kanye nowalandelayo ubizwa ngokuthi ukuqagela. Ukuhweba okuqagelayo kunezinkinga zakho. Lapho kukhona okulindelwe ngokwenyuka kokukhula noma isenzo samanani esigabeni sempahla ethile noma umkhakha, lezi zizokwanda. Lapho lokhu kwenzeka, i- ivolumu yokuhweba iyanda, ekugcineni okuholela egwemeni. Lokhu kwenzeke ngebhamuza le-dotcom. Ukutshalwa kwezimali ezinkampanini ze-inthanethi kwakhula kakhulu ngasekupheleni kwawo-1990, futhi amanani akhuphuka ngokushesha. Imakethe yaphahlazeka ngemuva kuka-2001, okwenza izinkampani ezinkulu zezobuchwepheshe ukuthi zalahlekelwa ingxenye enkulu yenani lazo futhi ezinye eziningi zaqedwa.
Igrafu yokuqhuma kwebhamuza le-Dotcom. Umthombo: Wikipedia.
Amasu okuqagela
Abaqapheli bangenza izinhlobo eziningi zohwebo futhi ezinye zazo zihlanganisa:
- Izinkontileka ze-Futures: Abathengi nabathengisi bayavuma ukuthengisa impahla ethile ngentengo eyamukelekayo endaweni enqunywe kusengaphambili ngokuzayo. Umthengi uyavuma ukuthenga impahla eyisisekelo uma inkontileka isiphelelwe yisikhathi. I izinkontileka zesikhathi esizayo Athengiswa ngokuhwebelana futhi avame ukusetshenziswa lapho kuhwetshwa izinto.
- Thenga futhi uthengise izinketho: Kwinketho yokubeka, umnikazi wenkontileka unelungelo, kodwa hhayi isibopho, sokuthengisa noma iyiphi ingxenye yesibambiso ngentengo okuvunyelwene ngayo phakathi nenkathi ethile yesikhathi. Inketho yokushaya ucingo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ivumela umnikazi wenkontileka ukuthi athenge impahla eyisisekelo ngaphambi kosuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi kwenkontileka ngentengo ethile.
- Indali emfushane: Uma umthengisi enza ukuthengisa okufushane, uqagela ukuthi intengo yempahla izokwehla esikhathini esizayo bese ethatha isikhundla.