Izimali ezingenayo imali engaguquki zihlangabezane nokungena kwemali okungaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-€270 ngenyanga , konke kugxile emalini engenayo engaguquki yesikhathi eside, ngokusho kwedatha yakamuva enikezwe yi-Spanish Association of Collective Investment Institutions and Pension Funds (Inverco). Le datha ikhombisa nokuthi, kulo nyaka kuze kube manje, izikhwama ezingenayo imali engaguquki ziqongelele cishe ama-€2.5 billion emalini engenayo engaguquki.
Okwamanje, izikhwama zezabelo zamazwe ngamazwe zishintshe umkhuba wezinyanga zakamuva futhi zathola izinzuzo ezinhle, zisizwa ukusebenza kwemakethe. Kodwa-ke, naphezu kwenzuzo yazo enhle, zibone izinzuzo eziphelele zidlula ama-€1.800 billion ngonyaka wonke. Ngokuphambene nalokho, izikhwama zembuyekezo eziphelele kanye nezikhwama eziphethwe ngokunganaki zigcine izinzuzo ezibonwe engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka, lapho ezokuqala ziqongelela cishe ama-€2.100 billion kanye ne-€605 million yokugcina ekubuyiselweni.
Ngokwesimo esijwayelekile, lapho izimali zokutshalwa kwezimali, ezisekelwa ukusebenza kahle kwemakethe phakathi nenyanga, zikhule ngama-€3.711 billion ngoJuni futhi, ngokusho kwedatha yesikhashana, zavala ingxenye yokuqala yonyaka ngokukhuphuka kwama-€10.688 billion emalini yazo yempahla, zafinyelela kuma-€268.203 billion, okumele ukwanda okungu-4,2% uma kuqhathaniswa nokuphela kuka-2018. Lokhu kudale impikiswano mayelana nokuthi kungcono yini ukukhetha izimali zokutshalwa kwezimali ngokusekelwe kuphothifoliyo yamasheya noma, ngokuphambene nalokho, ukukhetha imali engenayo engaguquki.
Ngoba lezi zimali zingcono
Njengamanje, izimali zokutshalwa kwezimali ezisekelwe kumasheya zinikeza izinzuzo eziningana ezingazenza zibe inketho ekhangayo. Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu yithuba lenzuzo ephezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokutshalwa kwezimali kwemali engenayo engaguquki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufeza amazinga enzalo ancintisanayo manje kudinga ukuthatha indlela eqaphile kakhulu ezinqumweni zokutshalwa kwezimali. Njengoba kunikezwe ukusebenza okuqinile kwezimakethe zamasheya zomhlaba wonke, leli su liyisinqumo esihle.
Enye inzuzo yezimali zokutshalwa kwezimali ezigxile kumasheya ivela eqinisweni lokuthi ukuvuselelwa kwezimali kusiza lezi zinhlobo zezimakethe, zombili izinhlangothi ze-Atlantic. Zinikeza ithuba lokuba nezinketho eziningana ongakhetha kuzo ngezindlela ezahlukene ngaphakathi kwezimakethe zamasheya. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunengozi yokuqhuma kwebhamuza lesikweletu sikahulumeni , okungathinta kakhulu izimali zokutshalwa kwezimali ezingenayo imali enqunyiwe.
Ungazivikela kanjani emalini
Kodwa-ke, unezindlela eziningana zokutshala imali ongazisebenzisa ukuvikela imali yakho ekungazinzini okungenzeka ezimakethe zezimali. Enye yalezi zinhlelo ihilela ukuhlanganisa amasheya nezinye izimpahla zezimali, njengalezo ezitholakala ezimpahleni , ezezimali, noma ngisho nokutshalwa kwezimali okunye. Le ndlela ingakusiza ukuthi ulawule ukulahlekelwa ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu kubatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Kulokhu, kunezikhwama zokutshala imali ezinikeza le nzuzo ethile.
Elinye isu ongalisebenzisa kusukela manje kuqhubeke ukuphathwa okusebenzayo . Kusho ukuthini lokhu empeleni? Kalula nje, kusho ukulungisa iphothifoliyo yakho yesikhwama sokutshala imali kuzo zonke izimo ezingaba khona, ngisho nezimbi kakhulu ngezintshisekelo zakho njengomtshali-zimali othengisayo. Uzolungisa iphothifoliyo yakho njalo ukuze wandise imbuyiselo ekongeni kwakho. Uzothola ukuthi ukusebenza kuyathuthuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uma ulandela leli su lokuphatha izimali zakho zokutshala imali. Imikhiqizo eminingi yezezimali inikeza lesi sici esiyingqayizivele, ngaphandle kokuthinta izimali ezikhokhiswa yilezi zimali.
Ubungozi bezimali
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, asikwazi ukukhohlwa ezinye zezingqinamba zokukhetha le modeli yokutshalwa kwezimali. Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi izimakethe zamasheya zomhlaba wonke ziwohloke , lapho ukwehla kwentengo kudlula u-20% noma u-30%. Lokhu kungasho ukulahlekelwa yimali eningi esikhathini esifushane kakhulu. Enye ingozi yokusebenzisa lolu hlelo ukukhetha izimpahla zezimali ukuthi kungenzeka ukulungiswa kwentengo okukhulu, noma kunalokho, ukwehla okukhulu kwentengo, ezinyangeni ezizayo.
Kuze kube seqophelweni lokuthi besibona amanani ephansi kakhulu kunalawo acashunwayo njengamanje. Njengoba izimakethe zezimali zibhekene nokwehla okuphakathi kuka-10% no-20% , okungaba cishe iphesenti lemali esingalahlekelwa yiyo ekuthengisweni kwemakethe yamasheya ngezimali zokutshalwa kwezimali zalolu hlobo. Enye ingozi esibhekene nayo ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi izinkomba zomhlaba wonke zifinyelele ophahleni okuzoba nzima ukulidlula eminyakeni ezayo.
Imakethe yamasheya inenzuzo enkulu
Kunoma ikuphi, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukutshalwa kwezimali emakethe yamasheya ngokuvamile kunenzuzo enkulu esikhathini esiphakathi nesikhathi eside , kuvame ukusebenza kangcono kunemikhiqizo engenayo eqondile noma leyo enikezwa amabhange ngokwawo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ngesikhathi lapho amazinga enzalo ehla khona.
Lesi yisici esibaluleke kakhulu ngokungangabazeki esikusiza ukuba uthuthuke ezimakethe zezimali. Ngoba kusho ukuthi kunemali eningi yokwenza inzuzo emakethe yamasheya futhi lokhu kusiza ukusebenza kulezi zimpahla zezimali. Yize lokhu kungumkhuba ongaphela engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka ozayo. Futhi ngalokho-ke, kuzobonwa enanini lentengo.
Ibuyisa nezabelo
Enye inzuzo ephawulekayo yezimali zokutshalwa kwezimali ezisekelwe kumasheya ukuthi eziningi zazo zikhiqiza izinzuzo kubanikazi bazo . Lezi zibonelelo zivame ukukhiqiza cishe u-4%, okusengaphansi kwalezo ezikhiqizwa ngokuthenga nokuthengisa amasheya ngqo ku-stock exchange. Noma kunjalo, kuyisu eliphumelelayo kakhulu lokufeza imali engenayo ephindaphindayo nengaguquki unyaka nonyaka, kungakhathaliseki ukusebenza kwemakethe yamasheya, futhi le mali engenayo ingena ngqo kuma-akhawunti abahlanganyeli besikhwama.
Enye inzuzo yale mithombo yemali engenayo eqinisekisiwe neqinisekisiwe ukuthi isiza ukugcina imali yabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Ngempela, lolu hlobo lwezimali zokutshalwa kwezimali zenzelwe ngqo izikhathi zokutshalwa kwezimali zesikhathi esiphakathi neside, okuvumela abatshalizimali ukuthi bakhe iphothifoliyo yokonga ezinzile. Ziphinde zinikeze lula ukudlulisela izimali kwezinye izimali zokutshalwa kwezimali ezinezimpawu ezifanayo, ngokulindela ukuthi zizosebenza kangcono kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke. Konke lokhu kwenziwa ngaphandle kwezimali ezikhokhwayo, izimali ezengeziwe, izinhlawulo, noma ezinye izindleko zokuphatha nokulungisa.
Okubi ngokuqasha
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubuthakathaka obukhulu balezi zinhlobo zemikhiqizo eyenzelwe ukonga komuntu siqu ukuguquguquka kwentengo kwazo okukhulu. Ngempela, ngemva kwezinyanga ezinhle kakhulu, zingabhekana nezikhathi zokulahlekelwa okukhulu okungaphazamisa iphothifoliyo yesikhwama sokutshala imali. Kunoma yikuphi, kubalulekile ukuqapha ngokucophelela le mikhiqizo ukuze kugwenywe noma yiziphi izimanga ezingathandeki ezinsukwini ezizayo. Kodwa-ke, izingozi ngokuvamile ziphakeme kunezezikhwama zokutshala imali ezingenayo imali enqunyelwe.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, asikwazi ukukhohlwa ukuthi lokhu akuyona umkhiqizo okufanele ugcinwe izinyanga ezimbalwa nje. Lokhu kufana nokuthenga nokuthengisa amasheya e-stock exchange noma ukutshala imali kweminye imikhiqizo yezezimali, njengezimali ezihwebelana ngokushintshisana (ama-ETF), amawaranti, noma ama-derivatives kwezinye izimpahla zezimali , lapho ukuthengiselana kungaxazululwa khona ngezinsuku ezimbalwa nje. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kutshalwa kwezimali kuthonywa kakhulu yizimali eziphakeme ezivame ukukhokhiswa yizimali zokutshalwa kwezimali ngokuvamile, ezingafinyelela ku-2,5% wenani lokuthengiselana.
Ngenkathi ekugcineni, lezi zimali ezihlanganyelanayo aziguquguquki njengokutshalwa kwemali okuqondile. Lokho wukuthi, ukwenziwa kwempahla yayo akusheshi futhi kufanele wenze imisebenzi ethile yokubalwa kwemali ukuze wazi isimo sangempela sokutshalwa kwemali ngalo mkhiqizo okhethekile. Yize okuphambene nalokho, inezakhiwo eziningi ezingashintshwa kuphrofayli eyethulwe ngabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Ukuba yinto ekufanele uyihlolisise ngesikhathi samanje ngokwethula okunikezwayo okuhlukahlukene kanye nobuningi kuyo yonke imibono yokubuka. Njengokweqiniso kubantu abafuna ukukhetha lokhu kutshalwa kwezimali okukhethekile ngezimali.