Ngomhlaka-1 Januwari 2027, izisebenzi zaseSpain zizophinde zithole ukwehliswa okuncane emiholweni yazo, yize umholo wazo uzobe ungashintshi. Lokhu kungenxa yokwenyuka okusha kwe-Intergenerational Equity Mechanism (MEI), ekhuphuka kusukela ku-0,9% kuya ku-1% wesisekelo seminikelo yezimo eziphuthumayo ezivamile. Lolu shintsho, olushicilelwe kwi-Official State Gazette (BOE), lwaluvele lufakiwe ekuguqulweni kwempesheni ka-2023 futhi lusebenza kokubili kubasebenzi nakubaqashi, ngesilinganiso esithile.
Empeleni, i-MEI ingumnikelo owengeziwe ongakhulisi impesheni yesikhathi esizayo. Yonke imali eqoqwe iya kwi-Social Security Reserve Fund , "isikhwama sempesheni" esidumile, ukusekela uhlelo njengoba isizukulwane se-baby boom sithatha umhlalaphansi. Kwabaningi abasebenzi, umthelela wanyanga zonke uzoba mncane, kodwa uzokwanda phakathi nonyaka.
Iyini i-Intergenerational Equity Mechanism futhi kungani ikhona?
I-MEI (Individual Equivalent Contribution) yasungulwa ngo-2023 njengomnikelo owengeziwe wokuqinisa uhlelo lwempesheni yomphakathi. Isici sokuzinza sangaphambilini sasuswa, futhi lo modeli , olawulwa ku-Article 127 bis yoMthetho Ojwayelekile Wezokuphepha Komphakathi, wamukelwa. Umqondo uwukuthi abasebenzi nezinkampani bazonikela kakhulu eminyakeni ezayo ukuze baqoqe izinsiza esikhwameni sokugcina imali.
Lesi yisilinganiso sokusabalalisa phakathi kwezizukulwane: labo abasebenza njengamanje banikela ekuxhaseni izimpesheni zezizukulwane ezindala, ikakhulukazi izingane ezizalwa ngemva kwenkathi yokuzalwa, lapho umhlalaphansi wazo omkhulu uzobeka ingcindezi ohlelweni. Njengoba uMnyango Wokubandakanya ugcizelela, lo mnikelo awudali ilungelo lomuntu ngamunye esikhathini esizayo. Awuthinti isisekelo somthetho futhi awukhulisi inani lempesheni isisebenzi esizoyithola . Kuyisikhwama sokubambisana esivamile.
Ushintsho luka-2027: indlela i-1% esakazwa ngayo
Kusukela ngoJanuwari 1, 2027, inani eliphelele lomnikelo ku-MEI (iNtela Yengeniso Ephansi) lizoba yi-1%. Kulelo phesenti, umqashi uzofaka u-0,83% kanye nesisebenzi u-0,17%. Lokhu kuyingxenye yeshumi yephesenti ephakeme kunango-2026, lapho ukusatshalaliswa kwakungu-0,75% kanye no-0,15%. Ukwenyuka kwesisebenzi kungamaphesenti angu-0,02 kuphela , yize ngokwesisekelo somnikelo esiphezulu kungamelela inani elikhulu.
Isibonelo, isisebenzi esinesisekelo seminikelo yanyanga zonke esingu-€1.500 sizobona iminikelo yaso yanyanga zonke ikhuphuka isuka ku-€2,25 iye ku-€2,55. Lokho kungukukhuphuka kwamasenti angu-30 njalo ngenyanga, okulinganiselwa ku-€3,60 ngonyaka . Inani lizoba phezulu ezisekelweni zeminikelo ephezulu, kodwa lihlala lincane ngokulingana nomholo ophelele.
Isilinganiso sokubambisana: okunye ukudla okukhishwe emiholweni ephezulu
Ngaphezu kwe-MEI (Isiqinisekiso Semali Engenayo Ephansi), umnikelo wobumbano uzokhula ngo-2027. Lo mnikelo uthinta kuphela ingxenye yomholo edlula isisekelo esiphezulu somnikelo we-Social Security, okungukuthi ngo-2026 ingu-€5.101,20 ngenyanga (€61.214,40 ngonyaka). Kulabo abangaphezu kwaleli nani, kuzoba nezinhlu ezintathu zentela ezintsha: kusukela ku-1,38% kuya ku-10% eyengeziwe, u-1,5% phakathi kuka-10% no-50%, kanye no-1,75% ngaphezu kwalowo mkhawulo.
Inhloso iwukuba labo abahola kakhulu banikele kakhulu ohlelweni. Kodwa, njenge-MEI (Isiqinisekiso Sengeniso Encane), lo mnikelo awufakwa ekubalweni kwempesheni. Kungumzamo ofakwa esikhwameni sikahulumeni, ngaphandle kwesinxephezelo somuntu ngamunye . Abantu abazisebenzayo abakhululwa: esimweni sabo, bathatha iphesenti eliphelele le-MEI ngokusekelwe emnikelweni wabo, ngaphandle kosizo lwenkampani.
Uhlelo lokwenyuka kwentengo: kuze kube ngu-2050
I-MEI (i-Employee Income Tax) inendlela evunyelwe ngokomthetho. Ngo-2028 izokhuphuka ifike ku-1,1% kanti ngo-2029 izofika ku-1,2% . Kusukela ngo-2030 izohlala izinzile ku-1,2% kuze kube ngu-2050. Lokhu kusho ukuthi iphesenti elithwalwa yisisebenzi lizokhula kancane kancane unyaka ngamunye, kanti isabelo somqashi naso sizokhula.
Kukhona okuhlukile kulabo abanikela kuphela ngezimo eziphuthumayo zomsebenzi, njengoba bekhishwe kulo mnikelo owengeziwe. Akusebenzi futhi ezimweni ezihlanganiswe ku-Articles 152 no-153 zemithethonqubo ye-General Treasury, njengomhlalaphansi oyingxenye kanye nokuhlanganisa impesheni nomsebenzi. Isisekelo esiphezulu seminikelo sango-2027 asikaziwa futhi sizoncika ekukhushulweni kwempesheni.
Ukuze siqonde umthelela wangempela emholweni, sidinga ukubheka izibonelo ezithile. Isisebenzi esinomholo oyisisekelo ongu-€2.000 sikhokhe u-€3,00 ngenyanga ngo-2026; ngo-2027 sizokhokha u-€3,40, okungukuthi, amasenti angu-40 ngaphezulu. Ngomholo oyisisekelo ongu-€3.000, ukwenyuka kwenyuka kusuka ku-€4,50 kuya ku-€5,10, okumele ukwenyuka ngamasenti angu-60. Ukwehluka kuncane, kodwa uma kuhlanganiswa neminye iminikelo, kunciphisa imali engenayo yabasebenzi yanyanga zonke.
Imali engenayo etholakale kule minikelo isivele idlula ama-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-10.976, ngokusho koMnyango Wezokubandakanya, Ezokuphepha Komphakathi kanye Nokufuduka. Le mali iqinisa isikhwama sokugcina impesheni , esizosetshenziselwa ukumboza izikhathi zokusetshenziswa kwemali okwandisiwe ngenxa yokuguga kwabantu.
Ekugcineni, umthelela uncike kakhulu esisekelweni somnikelo womuntu ngamunye. Iningi labasebenzi abakhokhelwayo ngeke libone ushintsho olukhulu , kodwa ukwanda okusha ngo-2027, kuhlanganiswe nomnikelo wobumbano wamaholo aphezulu, kuzosiza ekuxhaseni uhlelo kancane kancane. Lesi esinye isinyathelo esihlose ukulinganisela ukusatshalaliswa komthwalo phakathi kwezizukulwane nokuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwesikhathi eside kwempesheni yomphakathi.