Ngaphandle kokungabaza, esinye sezikhathi ezimbi kakhulu esingabhekana nazo ukungasebenzi, ngoba lapho siphoqeleka ukushiya umsebenzi wethu ngokungazi, kungaba ngenxa yokunciphisa abasebenzi noma ngenxa yokuthi inkampani yawa, sizithola sisesimweni esiyinkimbinkimbi njengoba singasenawo umholo oqinile, futhi lokhu kuba ukukhathazeka kakhulu lapho kunomndeni oncike emholweni wethu.
Kodwa ukuze kusekelwe labo abangasebenzi , uhulumeni waseSpain unikeze uhlelo uchungechunge lwezinzuzo ezingasivumela ukuthi sihlangabezane nezidingo zethu eziyisisekelo ngenkathi sifuna umsebenzi ozinzile. Ngakho-ke, nakuba kunezinketho zokuqala, kungenzeka ukuthi sesiqede izinzuzo zethu zokungasebenzi. Ake sibheke kabanzi ukuthi lokhu kusho ukuthini.
Inzuzo yokungasebenzi
Into yokuqala okufanele uyicabangele ukuthi izinzuzo zokungasebenzi zineziqondiso ezithile. Ezinyangeni eziyisithupha zokuqala, unelungelo lokuthola kufika ku-70% womholo wakho oyisisekelo, kodwa kusukela enyangeni yesikhombisa kuqhubeke, unelungelo lokuthola u-50% kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhathi esiphezulu ongathola ngaso izinzuzo zokungasebenzi silingana nesikhathi osinikele ngaso ekuvikelekeni komphakathi.
Njengoba sibheka leli phuzu lokugcina, ake sicacise ukuthi ngezinsuku ezingu-360 kuya ku-539 zeminikelo, unelungelo lokuthola izinzuzo zokungasebenzi izinsuku ezingu-120; futhi leli lungelo liyakhula njengoba isikhathi sakho somnikelo sikhula, kufika ezinsukwini ezingu-720 zezibonelelo zokungasebenzi uma usunezinsuku ezingu-2160 noma ngaphezulu zeminikelo. Kodwa-ke, uma usuvele uziqedile lezi zinzuzo futhi ungakawutholi umsebenzi , kunezinye izindlela zosizo uhulumeni azinikezayo. Ake sibone ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma izinzuzo zakho zokungasebenzi ziphela.
Imixhaso
Izibonelelo ziyasisiza ezimweni ezimbili: lapho sesiqede izinzuzo zethu zokungasebenzi , noma lapho, ngenxa yesikhathi sethu somnikelo, singakabi nelungelo lokuzithola. Lolu hlobo lwezibonelelo luyisibonelelo sokuqala okufanele siphendukele kuso uma sesisebenzise zonke izinzuzo zethu. Kunezinhlobo ezine zezibonelelo, ngayinye yamaphrofayili ahlukene; ake sibone ukuthi ziyini.
Ngenxa yomnikelo onganele
Okokuqala uxhaso lweminikelo enganele , futhi lokhu kusebenza kuphela uma ungakanikeli isikhathi esincane sonyaka owodwa noma izinsuku ezingu-360. Loxhaso lungafinyelela kuma-euro angu-426, kodwa leli nani lizonqunywa yizici ezahlukahlukene njengesikhathi somnikelo kanye nemithwalo yemfanelo yakho, engafaka phakathi oshade nabo noma izingane ezixhomeke kuwe.
Usizo olujwayelekile
Uhlobo lwesibili loxhaso luwusizo lomndeni kulabo abangasebenzi. Lolu sizo luhlinzeka ngama-€426 ngenyanga futhi luyatholakala kubasebenzi abangenayo imali engenayo kanye nemithwalo yemfanelo yomndeni, uma nje sebeqede izinzuzo zabo zokungasebenzi. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zosizo lomndeni; ake sizihlole kanye nezidingo zazo ezithile.
Inzuzo yokungasebenzi esiyithandayo kakhulu kulesi sihloko yilena eza ngemuva kokuba izinzuzo zakho zokungasebenzi seziphelile. Ukuze uthole lolu sizo lwezezimali, kumele ukuthi usuqedile izinzuzo zakho zokungasebenzi futhi ungasebenzi njengamanje noma ubhalisiwe njengomuntu ofuna umsebenzi. Kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuthi ukuze lokhu kube semthethweni, kumele ukuthi usubhalise okungenani inyanga eyodwa kusukela izinzuzo zakho zokungasebenzi seziphelile . Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele uhambisane nezibopho zokungasebenzi.
Esinye isidingo ukuba nomthwalo wemfanelo othile ngelungu lomndeni eliqondile, elihlanganisa izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engama-26 ubudala, ingane ekhubazekile, noma umlingani oncike emsebenzini ngokwezimali. Ukuze kucaciswe, lokhu kusekelwa ngezimali akukona nje kuphela kulabo abanezingane; imibhangqwana eshadile ngokusemthethweni ingafinyelela lolu xhaso uma omunye umlingani encike komunye ngokwezimali.
Ukuze sikwazi ukuthola lolu xhaso, kuyadingeka futhi ukuthi siqinisekise ukuthi asinayo imali engenayo elingana no-75% womholo omncane, noma ngaphezulu. Ngakho-ke uma sinemali engenayo edlula ama-euro angama-530,78 ngenyanga, lolu sizo alulona olwethu. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le mfuneko ibandakanya ofaka isicelo ngqo; kepha uma leli sheke selenziwe, kuyisidingo ukuthi imali engenayo noma umholo ojwayelekile wawo wonke amalungu omndeni ungeqi kuma-euro angama-530,78 ngenyanga.
Ngokuphathelene nenqubo yokuthola lolu sizo , kumele siluqede zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-15 zebhizinisi, kusukela ekupheleni kwenyanga yokulinda. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula lo mnqamulajuqu, ngoba uma sehluleka ukuwufinyelela, ngeke silahlekelwe yilungelo lokufaka isicelo, kodwa sizoyeka ukuthola izinkokhelo zenani lezinsuku phakathi komnqamulajuqu nosuku lokufaka isicelo.
Nakuba inani elimele loluxhaso lingama-euro angu-426 ngenyanga, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi inani langempela lemali esingayithola lilingana nesikhathi esisisebenzele, ngakho-ke uma umsebenzi wethu wokugcina wawungowesikhashana, sizoba nelungelo lokuthola u-50% wesibonelelo sanyanga zonke.
Elinye iphuzu elibalulekile elizokhulunywa ukuthi singakwazi ukuqoqa lokhu kungasebenzi isikhathi esilingana nezinyanga eziyi-18 njengenkathi ephelele, kepha inqubo yokuqala isebenza izinyanga eziyisithupha; Ngemuva kwalokhu kufanele senze ukuvuselelwa, esingakwenza izikhathi ezi-6 kuphela, sinikeze ingqikithi yezinyanga eziyi-2 ezishiwo.
Umxhaso wabantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-45
Lolu xhaso lwenzelwe ngqo abasebenzi abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-45 ubudala asebeqede izinzuzo zabo zokungasebenzi futhi abangenabo abantu abathembele kubo. Uma lolu xhaso lufanelana kahle nezidingo zakho, nakhu okudingeka ukwenze ukuze ulufinyelele.
Isikhathi sokufaka isicelo saloluxhaso siyizinsuku zebhizinisi eziyi-15 , kusukela ekupheleni kwenyanga yokulinda, okuyinyanga yokuguquka phakathi kokuphelelwa yizibonelelo zokungasebenzi kanye nokuqala kwesikhathi sokufaka isicelo sezinye izibonelelo. Ngakho-ke, uma usuvele ungaphakathi kwalesi sikhathi, inqubo yokufaka isicelo idinga amadokhumenti alandelayo.
Uzodinga ifomu lesicelo elisemthethweni elifaka phakathi ukubuyiselwa kwentela yakho engenayo, imininingwane yasebhange yokudonswa kwemali ngqo, ukuzibophezela emsebenzini webhizinisi, kanye nemvume yokucela ulwazi ku-Spanish Tax Agency (AEAT). Kuzodingeka futhi ukuthi uveze umazisi osemthethweni kanye nale mibhalo.
Uma sesithole amadokhumenti ethu, sidinga ukuya ehhovisi lezemisebenzi le-SEPE, okuyinsizakalo yezemisebenzi yomphakathi kahulumeni. Ukuze sazi ukuthi sidinga ukuya nini, kubalulekile ukuhlela i-aphoyintimenti ukuze basitshele usuku nesikhathi okufanele sihambe ngaso namadokhumenti ethu. Ngaphandle kwalokho, singaqedela inqubo ngewebhusayithi ye-SEPE.
Umxhaso wabantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-55
Izimfuneko zokufaka isicelo salolu sizo , njengoba igama lisho, ukuthi uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-55 ubudala; kubalulekile futhi ukuthi ube ubhalisiwe njengomuntu ofuna umsebenzi inyanga eyodwa ngemuva kokuqeda izinzuzo zokungasebenzi. Kumelwe futhi sikhumbule ukuthi ukuzibophezela kokufuna umsebenzi ngenkuthalo kumele kusayiniwe.
Esinye isidingo ukuthi imali engenayo yakho akumele idlule u-75% womholo omncane. Imali engenayo ejwayelekile yomndeni wakho akumele idlule u-€530,78 ngenyanga. Kumelwe futhi ukuthi unikele kumshuwalense wokungasebenzi okungenani iminyaka eyisithupha ngesikhathi sakho sokusebenza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumele ukuthi unikele kumshuwalense womphakathi iminyaka engu-15, kanti emibili yaleyo minyaka iphakathi kweminyaka engu-15 yokugcina yempilo yakho yokusebenza.
Isikhathi esingasithola ngaso lesi sibonelelo sizoba kuze kube yilapho sifinyelela eminyakeni yokuthola impesheni. Kodwa-ke, kumele sithumele isimemezelo semali engenayo minyaka yonke ukuze sibonise ukuthi asidlulanga imingcele evunyelwe. Ngale ndlela, singaqhubeka nokuthola uxhaso lwethu esikhathini esidingekayo.
Njengoba kunjalo ngezibonelelo ezishiwo ngenhla, isikhathi sokugcina sokufaka isicelo salolu sizoba yizinsuku ezingu-15 ngemva kokuphela kwesikhathi sokulinda. Amadokhumenti adingekayo afaka ifomu lesicelo eligcwalisiwe, idokhumenti yokuzazisa yomuntu siqu, kanye nesitifiketi esivela kwi-National Social Security Institute esiqinisekisa ukuthi umfakisicelo uhlangabezane nesikhathi esincane somnikelo esidingekayo ukuze afanelekele impesheni yomhlalaphansi.
Ukuze uqedele iminikelo yakho yomhlalaphansi nge-Public Employment Service (SEPE), kubalulekile ukusayina isivumelwano esikhethekile noMgcinimafa Jikelele we-Social Security. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi uzothola zonke izinzuzo onelungelo lokuzithola nokuthi, uma usuthathe umhlalaphansi, uzokwenza lokho ngendlela engcono kakhulu.
Zonke lezi zinsiza ngokungangabazeki zizosivumela ukuba senze izikhathi zokuntuleka zingabi zizinhle, ikakhulukazi uma sinezibopho zomndeni noma sibadala. Yize kuhlale kunconywa ukuthi uhlale uzama ukuthola umsebenzi.