Izinkampani ezigxile kulezi zinto zokusetshenziswa zihlukaniswa ngokwemigomo emibili okufanele icatshangelwe lapho kutholwa le mikhiqizo yezezimali. Okokuqala, ngokusekelwe kubukhulu bayo. Ngokwemvelo, izinkampani ezincane zithwala ingozi enkulu kakhulu . Kwenziwa umehluko owengeziwe phakathi kwabakhiqizi nabaqhubi. Abaqhubi bathatha ingozi yokuhlola nokukhipha, kuyilapho abakhiqizi begxila ekucutshungulweni nasekusatshalalisweni. Lolu lwazi lubalulekile lapho kwenziwa le nketho yokutshala imali ngokusemthethweni.
Kubalulekile futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi imakethe eyinhloko yokuhweba ngegolide, isiliva, nezinye izinsimbi ezingezona eziyigugu (njenge-aluminium, ithusi, i-lead, i-nickel, i-zinc, ne-tin) yi-COMEX. Kodwa-ke, i-platinum ihlukile, njengoba izimakethe zayo eziyinhloko ziyi-TOCOM, lapho ukuthengiselana kwenziwa khona nge-yen yaseJapan, kanye ne-NYMEX. Lezi yizimakethe zezimali okufanele uzivakashele uma ufisa ukutshala imali yakho elondoloziwe kunoma yiziphi izimpahla ezishiwo ngenhla noma ezinye ezinezimpawu ezifanayo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imakethe yegolide ithonywa kakhulu ukugeleza okukhiqizwa ezimakethe zesikhathi esizayo. Ngenkathi ubudlelwano bukawoyela ongahluziwe bungu-50%, uma kukhulunywa ngegolide, intengo ingachazwa ngo-70% kuya ku-90%. Kunoma ikuphi, awukwazi ukukhohlwa ukuthi abanye babahlinzeki bemikhiqizo emakethe yezezimali yiMerrill Lynch, Ruffer, kanye ne-SG, phakathi kwezinkampani ezifanele kakhulu. Lezi yizinkampani ezithengisa imikhiqizo yalolu hlobo futhi zinikeza izixazululo ezahlukene kubatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi.
Izimpahla: ukuguquguquka okuphezulu
Phakathi kwezici ezibaluleke kakhulu zalolu hlobo lokutshalwa kwezimali, olwaziwa ngokuthi enye indlela, ukusetshenziswa kwalo kwezinye izimali ngaphandle kwe-euro . Ngempela, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukwehla kwedola laseMelika, uma kubhekwa ubudlelwano obubi bomlando phakathi kwalo nezinye zezimpahla ezibaluleke kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuguquguquka kwezimali ezisekelwe kulezi zimpahla zezimali kucishe kube ngu-20%. Ngakho-ke, ingozi kulezi zivumelwano ihlala iphakeme kakhulu, kuze kube yilapho kungenzeka ukushintshashintsha okukhulu kwiphothifoliyo yakho yokutshalwa kwezimali ehlukile.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi umehluko phakathi kwamanani ayo aphezulu naphansi kakhulu ubaluleke kakhulu futhi, kunoma yikuphi, uphakeme kunezinye izimali ezivamile, njengokuthenga nokuthengisa amasheya emakethe yamasheya. Lokhu kwenza kube umkhiqizo ofanele kakhulu wokuhweba noma imisebenzi yokuqagela ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu lokuguquguquka kwentengo. Ungenza imali eningi, kodwa ngesizathu esifanayo, ungalahlekelwa yimali eningi endleleni.
Ungawaqasha kanjani?
Esinye isici esiyingozi yithonya elikhulu ama-ETF kanye nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezinalo entengo yalezi zinto kanye nokungena nokuphuma kwale mpahla yezezimali. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi izimali ezihwebelana ngokushintshana (ama-ETF) ziyinhlanganisela yezimali zokutshalwa kwezimali zendabuko kanye nokuthenga nokuthengisa amasheya ezimakethe zamasheya. Inzuzo yazo isekunikezeni izimali ezincintisanayo , okukuvumela ukuthi wandise imbuyiselo kwezinye zalezi zinto futhi mhlawumbe wonge imali enkulu ezindleleni zokuphatha nokugcina.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimali ezithengiswa ngezimali (ama-ETF) zinikeza izinhlobo eziningi zamamodeli anikeza lesi sici. Zisekelwe ezintweni ezahlukene: igolide, ikhofi, ukolweni, ubhontshisi, kanye ne-cocoa, phakathi kwezinye. Ngephothifoliyo yokutshalwa kwezimali echazwe kahle, kusukela ekudalweni kwayo kuya ekuxazululweni kokuthengiselana, ungaqondisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kwakho kuzo zonke izikhathi: isikhathi esifushane, esiphakathi, kanye nesikhathi eside. Lokhu kulungiselelwe iphrofayili yakho yomtshalizimali njengomtshalizimali omncane noma ophakathi nendawo: onolaka, ophakathi nendawo, noma ogcina imithetho/ovikelayo.
Ukuqashwa okuqondile
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona futhi ithuba lokwanda kokukhiqizwa kwezimayini , okukuvumela ukuthi uthenge izinto zokusetshenziswa ngqo ezimakethe lapho le mikhiqizo yezezimali ithengwa futhi ithengiswa khona. Lokhu akubangelwa yizimayini ezintsha, kodwa kungenxa yokwanda kokukhiqizwa okuvela kwezikhona. Le ngozi incishiswa yizabelo eziphezulu ezisatshalaliswa yizinkampani eziphethe ukumaketha kwazo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi inqubomgomo yabo yokutshala imali kabusha ibilokhu incane, okuyinto ehlala izuzisa abatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi.
Kulokhu, kuyathakazelisa kakhulu ukuqaphela ukuthi izinkampani eziningi ezithengiswa esidlangalaleni zihlobene kakhulu nokukhiqizwa kwalezi zinto zokusetshenziswa, kokubili ezimakethe zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi uhlukanise kangcono ukutshalwa kwezimali kwakho kusukela manje kuqhubeke, ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni inzuzo yokuthengiselana kwakho kwezezimali, okuyikho kanye okufunayo. Ngale ndlela, ungatshala imali yakho, isibonelo, kukolweni noma ku-cocoa, izimpahla ezibonise imbuyiselo ephezulu ezinyangeni zamuva.
Izinto zokusetshenziswa ezimali
Enye indlela yokudlulisela izimali zakho ngokusebenzisa izimali zokutshalwa kwezimali zalolu hlobo . Enye yezinzuzo zazo eziyinhloko ukuthi zingahlanganiswa nezinye izimpahla zezimali, kungaba ngenzuzo engaguquki, amasheya, noma ngisho nezinye izinhlobo ezinjengalena. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi uhlukanise ukutshalwa kwezimali zakho ngendlela efanelekile nezinzile, wakhe iphothifoliyo yokonga ekhangayo kakhulu yesikhathi esiphakathi neside. Lokhu kusebenza njengesu lokutshalwa kwezimali ukuze kwandiswe imbuyiselo yokonga kwakho kulezi zikhathi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimali zokutshalwa kwezimali ezisekelwe kulezi zimpahla zezimali eziyingqayizivele zinikeza enye indlela yokutshala imali evamile, ikakhulukazi lapho kuvela ukungazinzi okukhulu ezimakethe zamasheya ngesizathu esithile noma esinye. Zinikeza ikhambi lokuntuleka kwezinketho zokutshala imali ngaphandle kokuthenga nokuthengisa amasheya emakethe yamasheya, njengoba kwenzeka njengamanje ngokushintsha kwesimo semakethe yamasheya kusukela ekukhuleni kuya ekukhuleni. Lokhu kungakuqeda amandla emizamweni yakho yokukhulisa imali yakho.
Izici zalezi zimakethe
Akungabazeki ukuthi ukuzuza ezindleleni zamathuba zokubamba amaphrimiyamu kuma-balance sheet ngenxa yezinga lenzalo eliphakeme kungenye yezinzuzo ezinikezwa ukutshalwa kwezimali kwezimpahla. Lokhu kudlula ezinye izinto zobuchwepheshe futhi mhlawumbe ngisho neziyisisekelo. Ngoba ukutshalwa kwezimali kwezimpahla bekulokhu kuyinsiza etholakala kalula kubatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi, ikakhulukazi eminyakeni lapho ukuzinza kwentengo kwakuyisici esibalulekile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, awukwazi ukukhohlwa ukuthi lolu hlobo lokutshalwa kwezimali lwalungeyona into yokuqagela nhlobo, yize isakhiwo salo sishintshile mayelana nendlela olusebenza ngayo. Kangangokuba ukutshala imali kule mikhiqizo ekhethekile akusafani. Akumangazi ukuthi izingozi ziya zikhula kakhulu, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwazo okuphezulu, okungafinyelela ku-30% noma ku-40% ekwakhekeni kwentengo. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima nakakhulu ukulungisa amanani, kokubili lapho uthenga futhi uthengisa.
Isimo samanje sezimakethe
Njengamanje, ezinye izimpahla zinenzuzo enkulu, zinikeza imbuyiselo edlula eyezimakethe zamasheya. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngezinsimbi eziyigugu, eziye zaletha imbuyiselo ekongeni cishe ngo-50% ngonyaka odlule . Igolide, ikakhulukazi, lisebenza njengempahla ephephile ngesikhathi sokuzinza ezimakethe zamasheya, liheha ingxenye enkulu yabatshalizimali abafuna ukuthula kwengqondo lapho bakha amaphothifoliyo abo okutshala imali.
Okokugcina, kufanele futhi kugcizelelwe ukuthi lesi sigaba sokutshalwa kwezimali kufanele sisebenze njengomphelelisi wokukhulu. Akukaze kube njengokuhamba phambili njengoba lelisu lokutshala imali lingaveza imiphumela engadingeki esitatimendeni sakho semali engenayo. Ngaphandle kolunye uchungechunge lwezinto eziningi zobuchwepheshe. Kunoma ikuphi, kufanele uhlaziye lezi ziphakamiso zokutshala imali ngoba kuningi okusengozini kulolu hlobo lomsebenzi ezintweni zokusetshenziswa. Ngoba ngakolunye uhlangothi, iningi lale misebenzi yenziwa kwezinye izimali ngaphandle kwe-euro: idola laseMelika, i-franc yaseSwitzerland noma i-yen yaseJapan. Ngezindleko zemali okushintshaniswa nemali kumkhiqizo ngamunye okhethiwe wezezimali: amakhomishini, imali ekhokhwayo, njll.