I-Euribor isifinyezo se-European Interbank Offered Rate. Uma sibheka le ncazelo, singasho ukuthi iyisilinganiso senzalo esisetshenziswa emalinimboleko, esibalwa ukuthi sisetshenziswe yiningi lamabhange aseYurophu, ahlanganisa iphaneli yamabhange.
Nakuba isikhungo ngasinye samabhange sisebenza ngokuzimela, lolu hlobo lwedatha lukhona ukuze kulinganiswe futhi kulinganiswe ukuziphatha kwaso kwezezimali. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kubalwe i-Euribor ngokunembe kakhudlwana, amazinga enzalo aphansi kakhulu naphezulu angu-15% aqoqwe kusampula awafakiwe. Ngakho-ke, nsuku zonke (ngezinsuku zebhizinisi kuphela) ngo-11:00 CET, amazinga enzalo e-Euribor ayanqunywa futhi ashicilelwe.
Uhlelo lwebhange
Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba sixoxe kabanzi nge-Euribor, sidinga ukuqonda iphuzu elibalulekile: Liyini izinga lokunikezwa kwamabhange ? Impendulo ilula kakhulu. I-Euribor isebenza ukukhokhisa intela amazinga enzalo emalimboleko eyenziwe phakathi kwezikhungo zamabhange, ikakhulukazi imalimboleko eyenziwe phakathi kwazo.
Isizathu sokuthi amabhange adinge ukubolekisana imali ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lwe-interbank luhlala lukhona. Ngakho-ke, kumele kube nendlela yokulawula nokubala amazinga enzalo okumele kubuyiselwe ngawo imali mboleko. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ngaphezu kwezinkokhelo zenzalo, iprimiyamu yobungozi kumele futhi imbozwe.
Pho kungani i-Euribor ishintshashintsha ? Isizathu esiyinhloko izinga lokuthembela kwamabhange komunye nomunye. Imininingwane efana nokuxazululwa kwezimali, izitatimende zenzuzo nokulahlekelwa, kanye nezitatimende zokuhamba kwemali inquma ukuthi ibhange lingamethemba kangakanani elinye ukuthi likhokhe imali mboleko ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Ngenxa yalokhu, ibhange ngalinye libeka izinga lenzalo yalo ngokusekelwe kulwazi elinalo. Kodwa-ke, ukuze kunikezwe umbono wokuziphatha okuvamile kwamabhange, kubalwa isilinganiso sezibalo samazinga enzalo amabhange amakhulu angu-50 eYurophu.
Kuze kube manje konke kuzwakala kuthakazelisa kakhulu, kepha mhlawumbe kungafanele kakhulu kubantu abajwayelekile, kepha iqiniso ukuthi kuthinta abantu abajwayelekile namabhange ngokwabo, ake sibone isizathu salokhu.
Ukubaluleka kwe-Euribor
Sesivele siyiqonda i-Euribor njengesilinganiso senzalo ibhange okumele lisikhokhele emalinimboleko evela kwamanye amabhange. Kodwa ibhange elibolekisayo liyitholaphi imali yokukhokha inzalo? Impendulo ivela kubasebenzisi bokugcina baleyo mali—abantu ababoleka ebhange, ikakhulukazi labo abanemali mboleko.
Ngakho-ke, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ibhange liyakwazi ukukhokha izindleko zemali mboleko ethathwe kwelinye ibhange, libala izinga lenzalo yemali mboleko yendlu ngokusekelwe ku-Euribor. Ngale ndlela, libala izinga ngokusebenzisa i-Euribor izinyanga eziyisithupha noma, kwezinye izimo, unyaka owodwa.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi ibhange lizonikeza umsebenzisi wokugcina inzalo yendlu ngesikweletu ngokusekelwe esilinganisweni samanje se-Euribor ; ngakho-ke, uma i-Euribor iphakeme, izinga lenzalo elisetshenziswayo lizoba phezulu. Leli phuzu libaluleke kakhulu kulabo abafaka izicelo zemali mboleko yezinga eliguquguqukayo, ngoba kulezi zimo izinga lenzalo yemali mboleko yabo lizothinteka, kungaba kahle noma kabi, okuzoholela ekutheni bakhokhe inzalo eningi noma encane.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuze inikeze umsebenzisi wokugcina isilinganiso, ibhange livame ukusebenzisa i-spread ephakathi kuka-0 no-1,5%. Lokhu kuspread kunqunywa kakhulu yizici ezimbili; eyokuqala iphrofayili yezezimali yeklayenti. Isizathu sokuthi lokhu kuthonya ukuspread yisizathu esifanayo nesokushintshashintsha kwezinga le-interbank: ukuzethemba kwebhange kuklayenti kunquma kakhulu ukuthi kusetshenziswa i-spread ephezulu noma ephansi.
Isici sesibili esinomthelela esinqumweni sokusakazeka okufanele sisebenze ngumthamo wokuxoxisana womsebenzisi, futhi yize kubonakala kungenakwenzeka, empeleni kunezimpikiswano ezithile esingazisebenzisa ukuze sinciphise ukusabalala okuzosetshenziswa. .
Ngamafuphi, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi uma unemali mboleko yendlu noma ucabanga ngokuyifaka isicelo, noma yikuphi ukulingiswa kwemali mboleko akuthembekile futhi akunembile. Izibalo zenziwa nsuku zonke, ngakho-ke uma izinga le-Euribor likhuphuka, inkokhelo yakho yemali mboleko yendlu izokhuphuka; ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma izinga le-Euribor lehla, inkokhelo yakho nayo izoncipha.
Esinye isizathu sokuthi izinga le-Euribor linikezwe ukunakwa okukhethekile ukuthi lisebenza njengesisekelo sokubala inani lemikhiqizo ethile yezezimali. Isibonelo, leli zinga lisetshenziswa njengesilinganiso cishe kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemikhiqizo esuselwe kokunye, njengezinkontileka zesikhathi esizayo, ukushintshana, kanye nezivumelwano kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinga lenzalo lesikhathi esizayo.
Ngaphandle kokungabaza, i- Euribor iyinkomba ebaluleke kakhulu kuwo wonke umuntu , kusukela kohulumeni nezikhungo zezimali kuya kubantu abavamile. Ngakho-ke ukubaluleka kwethu, njengabasebenzisi bokugcina, ukuqonda imvelaphi yayo nokuthi ithinta kanjani impilo yethu yansuku zonke. Kodwa ingabe kukhona imingcele?
Umkhawulo oyinhloko walesi silinganiso sezimali ukuthi sisebenza kuphela emabhange angaphakathi kwe-European Union. Ngakho-ke, uma sifuna ukusibala ngesinye isifunda, kumele sisebenzise isilinganiso esisetshenziswa kuleso sifunda. Isibonelo, ukuze sisibale e-United Kingdom, singasebenzisa i-LIBOR , esebenza umsebenzi ofanayo nowe-Euribor, kodwa ngaphakathi kwemakethe yaseLondon.
Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi ukuze kuqhathaniswe impilo yezezimali yesifunda esisodwa nesinye, kungenzeka ukuqhathanisa okunikezwayo kwabo phakathi kwamabhange; ngokuvamile okunye kokuqhathanisa noma izinkomba ezivame kakhulu yilezo ze-Euribor ne-LIBOR.
Ukuphathwa kwe-Euribor
Nakuba lonke uhlelo lwenzelwe ukuzuzisa izikhungo kanye nabasebenzisi bokugcina, kube nezimo lapho izintshisekelo zomuntu siqu zabantu abathile ziye zaphazamisa khona, okwaholela ekusetshenzisweni kabi kwezindinganiso ze-Euribor. Ukuqonda lo mlando kuzosisiza siqonde kangcono ubuthakathaka balolu hlelo nokuthi izinkinga zesikhathi esidlule ziye zaxazululwa kanjani.
Kusukela ngo-1999, lapho i-Euribor iqala ukusebenza, kuze kube ngu-2012 konke kwakubonisa ukuthi i-Euribor yayifanelekile; nokho, ngomhlaka-22 kuNhlolanja, abameli ababili abadumile basola ukuntuleka kokucaca emananini emalimboleko yezindlu, begcizelela kakhulu i-Euribor. Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu kusolwa ukuthi akekho owayeqapha ukwakheka kwayo, ngakho-ke i-Euribor yahlala isengozini yokuguqulwa okungenzeka.
Futhi empeleni ngo-2011 bekuvulwe uphenyo mayelana nokukhohlisa okungenzeka kwenzeke; Icala le-Euribor alihlukanisiwe, kepha izikhungo zebhange nazo zahlawuliswa kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba, njengeCanada, lapho iHSBC, iJPMorgan, iRoyal Bank, phakathi kwabanye, yahlawuliswa.
Uphenyo luphethe ngezinhlawulo ezikhokhiswe amabhange amaningana, ezifinyelela ku-€1.71 billion. Amabhange ayisithupha ajeziswa. Lesi simo ngokungangabazeki siyadabukisa, njengoba umphumela obaluleke kakhulu ukuthi izimali zabasebenzisi zithinteke ngqo yizintshisekelo zalabo abathintekayo.
Umlando omncane wokuthi i-Euribor yenze kanjani usinikeza inkomba yalokho okungaba kuhle; Futhi ngukuthi eminyakeni yayo yokuqala okwabonwa ukuthi isimilo sayo sehla, nokho kwaba kuze kube ngo-2008 lapho ukwenyuka kwezinga lenzalo kwabonwa khona ngendlela enamandla; size sifinyelele inani lika-4,42%, nokuningi kakhulu uma sikuqhathanisa nezinga eliphansi lomlando walo, elatholwa ngo-2015, lapho inani lalingu-0,165% ngenyanga kaMeyi walowo nyaka. Ngaphandle kokungabaza, kuyathakazelisa ukubona indlela yokuziphatha kwangesikhathi esedlule futhi sihlaziye izimo ezibandakanye i-Euribor nokuziphatha kwayo, ukuze kuthi lapho sifuna, sikwazi ukubona futhi siqonde ukuthi kungani isilinganiso senzalo sikhombisa ukuziphatha okuthile.