Kulezi zinsuku sibona omunye wemikhiqizo yezezimali ekhula ngokushesha kakhulu: izimali zokutshala imali ezinenani. Kodwa ingabe siyaqonda ngempela ukuthi kusho ukuthini lokhu kuthambekela okusha kokutshalwa kwezimali? Igama elithi "inani" selizinzile ngempela emkhakheni wezezimali, futhi mhlawumbe lizohlala likhona. Kunoma ikuphi, kufanelekile ukuqonda ukuthi liyini nokuthi ungalisebenzisa kanjani leli thuba . Phakathi kwezinye izizathu, lingakusiza ukuthi uthuthukise ukutshalwa kwezimali kwakho esikhathini esizayo.
Uma ulandela njalo imithombo yezindaba ekhethekile, uzobe uqaphele ukuthi igama elithi "inani" seliyingxenye yesilulumagama semikhiqizo yezezimali, futhi ikakhulukazi, izimali zokutshalwa kwezimali, ezinyangeni zamuva nje. Kuvele amamodeli amaningi aqukethe lesi sici, esiwela ngaphansi kwesambulela sokutshala imali ngenani. Inani elikhulu labatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi liyaqhubeka nokunaka lokho okumelelwa yilezi zimali namuhla.
Izimali zokutshalwa kwezimali zenani zihlelwe ngaphansi kwezimiso zokutshalwa kwezimali ezichazwe kahle kakhulu okudingeka uziqonde njengamanje. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, zimelela ithuba elisha lokukhulisa imali yakho yokonga. Lokhu kudlula ezinye izinto zobuchwepheshe futhi kungadlulela nakweziyisisekelo. Ungakhetha lezi zindlela zokutshalwa kwezimali kunezinye izimali zezinhlobo ezahlukene: amasheya, imali engenayo engaguquki, izimali zemakethe yemali, izimali ezixubile, noma okunye ukwakheka. Lokhu kungenye yezinto ezintsha zakamuva ezinikezwa yizimakethe zokutshalwa kwezimali.
Izimali zenani lokutshala imali: ziyini?
Le mikhiqizo yezezimali ekhethekile empeleni iyindlela yokutshala imali ebonakala ngabaphathi abatshala imali ezinkampanini ezihlangabezana nesidingo esiyisisekelo: izimiso zokutshala imali ngenani. Ngamanye amazwi, lokho okwaziwa ngokuthi ukutshala imali ngenani. Kusho ukuthini ngempela lokhu? Uma ubheka kuqala, kusho ukutshala imali ezinkampanini ezingakhiqiza imbuyiselo ephezulu esikhathini esifushane, esiphakathi, noma eside, ngomehluko omkhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zokutshala imali.
Kunoma ikuphi, lezi zinkampani kufanele zihlangabezane nochungechunge lwezidingo ezizothathwa njengevelu, futhi lapho ezinye ezifanele kakhulu yilezo esiziveza ngezansi:
- Umbandela wokuqala okufanele bawunikeze ngukuthi bayizinkampani ngezinzuzo zokuncintisana nokuthi kuyincazelo ebabonisa ngaphezu kokunye ukucatshangelwa kwezobuchwepheshe.
- Uma kunokuthile okuhlukanisa lesi sigaba sezinkampani, kungenxa yokuthi zibhalwe ngezansi kwenani lazo langempela futhi ngenxa yalesi simo ezimakethe kungashiwo ukuthi zishibhile. Ngamanye amagama, zinamandla okubuyekeza aphezulu kunamanye. Ngale ndlela, uzohlala usesimweni sokukhiqiza inzuzo ephezulu kunaleyo esungulwe kwezinye izibambiso ezimakethe zezimali.
Ngamaqembu ochwepheshe kakhulu
Omunye umqondo ohlobene kakhulu nokutshalwa kwezimali okubalulekile yisidingo sethimba labaphathi elihle kakhulu. Njengoba kungenzeka ukuthi uke waphawula, esinye sezici ezibalulekile zokutshala imali emakethe yamasheya ukuthi inkampani iphathwa kahle kakhulu ngabaholi bayo. Ngale ndlela, kuvamile kakhulu ukuthi izinkampani ezinabasebenzi abangochwepheshe abaphezulu zenze kahle kakhulu ezimakethe zamasheya. Lesi sici singaba yisihlungi esinamandla nesisebenzayo sokutshalwa kwezimali kwakho kwesikhathi esizayo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi akuzona zonke izinkampani ezithengiswa esidlangalaleni ezifanayo kule ndawo ethile.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, awukwazi ukukhohlwa ukuthi ukutshala imali ngenani kungaba ngumsizi wangempela ekuhlaziyeni ukwakheka kwephothifoliyo yakho yokutshala imali elandelayo. Cishe uzolahla inani leminikelo yemakethe yesitoko engahlangabezani nalokhu okulindelwe nganoma iyiphi indlela. Njengoba nje kutshalwa imali kulezi zinhlobo zemali, uzokwaziswa ochwepheshe bezimali abazinikele ekufezeni lo mgomo ofunwa kakhulu yibo bonke abameli bezezimali. Khumbula ukuthi ukuthola inani kungenye yezinhloso ezibaluleke kakhulu kunoma yimuphi umlamuleli wezezimali.
Imfashini yezimali zenani
Lokhu kuwumkhuba okhulayo, futhi abatshalizimali abaningi abancane nabaphakathi sebevele bafuna lezi zinhlobo ezihlukile zezimali zokutshalwa kwezimali. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izigxeko ziye zavela emibuthanweni ethile yabaphathi, okwenza wonke umuntu acabangele ukuthi kufanele azibhalisele noma cha. Isibonelo, ukugxekwa kuvela eqinisweni lokuthi ukulinganisa kwabo kanye nokugcizelela ekutshalweni kwezimali ezinkampanini ezincane ezisohlwini kungaholela ezinkingeni zokuntuleka kwemali . Lena enye yezinkinga zokuqala ongase uhlangane nazo. Kuyinto okufanele uyicabangele lapho unquma ukuthi kufanele utshale imali kulezi zimali ezihlukile nezingavamile.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, esinye isici okufanele sicatshangelwe kusukela manje ukuthi abatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi abanakho okunye ngaphandle kokuqonda ukuthi ukutshala imali ngenani kunesikhathi esinconywayo sokubamba isikhathi eside. Okusho ukuthi, phakathi kweminyaka emihlanu neyishumi , futhi kunoma yikuphi isikhathi eside kunezinye izimali zokutshala imali zendabuko noma ezivamile. Ngalo mqondo, kungasebenza njengesithasiselo esisebenza kahle kakhulu sokufeza ukuphathwa kwephothifoliyo okulinganiselayo ngamathuba amahle okuthola imbuyiselo ephezulu eminyakeni edlule. Nokho, akufaneleki ukuthengiselana okusheshayo noma izikhathi zokutshala imali ezimfushane.
Izici ezihlaziyiweyo
Ukuze kunqunywe leli nani, kubalulekile ukucacisa uchungechunge lwezici eziwela ngaphansi kokulawulwa ngabahlaziyi bezezimali. Lokhu kufaka phakathi, isibonelo, izindlela ezisetshenziswa ngumphathi ngamunye ukuchaza nokusebenzisa umqondo wenani. Kulokhu, kubalulekile ukuhlaziya ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi amathuba akhona yini emakethe, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zokungazinzi okuphezulu noma ukuguquguquka kwezimakethe zamasheya. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi, phakathi kwezinye izizathu, la mathuba angamelela amathuba ebhizinisi angempela ngesikhathi esithile, anikeze ukwazisa okuhlala njalo nokwanelisayo kunezinye izinketho zemakethe yamasheya.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimali zokutshala imali zenani zinenzuzo enkulu uma ziyizimali zokutshala imali zesikhathi eside futhi ziyizimali zenani lezabelo. Uhlobo lwazo lungahlukahluka kakhulu, kusukela kulezo ezitshalwe ezitokisini ezinkulu ze-IBEX 35 kuya kulezo ezigxile ezinkampanini ezincane neziphakathi, ikakhulukazi eMakethe Eqhubekayo yaseSpain. Zingatshalwa nakwezinye izinkomba zemakethe yamasheya ezivela emhlabeni wonke ukuze zihlukanise iphothifoliyo yokutshala imali ngendlela elula kodwa elinganiselayo.
Zifunani izimali zenani?
Lona umbuzo ovame ukubuzwa ngabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi, futhi udinga ukucaciswa ukuze bakwazi ukuthuthukisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kwabo ngokufanele esikhathini esizayo. Isihluthulelo ukuthola amabhizinisi okulula ukuwaqonda, anamathemba amahle, ikakhulukazi lawo anezikweletu eziphansi , futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu kubatshalizimali, lawo anentengo yokuthenga encintisanayo kakhulu. Lokhu kubavumela ukuthi bathole imbuyiselo ngesikhathi esifanele futhi bathole izinzuzo ezicacile zenhlokodolobha esitatimendeni sabo senzuzo nokulahlekelwa.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, eziningi zalezi zimali zokutshalwa kwezimali ezintsha zibonise ikhono lazo lokukhiqiza imbuyiselo enhle yesikhathi eside emakethe yamasheya. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezikhwameni ezixhumene nemakethe yamasheya, ikakhulukazi imakethe yamasheya yaseSpain. Zinikeza amamajini aphezulu okuphakathi kuneminye imikhiqizo yokutshalwa kwezimali yalolu hlobo, into okufanele ibhekwe ngaphezu kwezinye izinto zobuchwepheshe.
Amamodeli anenzuzo ethe xaxa
Enye yezimali zokutshala imali ezisebenza kangcono njengamanje kunezinye yilezo ezitshala imali emasheya aseSpain nasePortugal. Ifaka amasheya anamandla amakhulu okukhula ezinyangeni ezizayo, njengezinkampani ezifana neNaturgy (Gas Natural), Repsol, kanye neSiemens Gamesa. Lena enye yezinketho ezitholakala kubatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi abafuna ukusizakala ngezici ezihlukile zezimali zokutshala imali enenani.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubuye kubhekwe iqiniso lokuthi lo mkhiqizo wezezimali wenziwa njengendlela yotshalo-mali enikeza imiphumela emihle yesikhathi eside. Futhi ngalo mqondo, kufanele uwaqonde, kepha ukhombise ukuthi kungukutshalwa kwezimali okunobungozi obukhulu ngakho-ke kufanele ubahlole kusukela ngesikhathi abaqashwa ngaso. Kulo mongo ojwayelekile, zisuselwa ekutholakaleni kwezimpahla ngentengo engaphansi kwenani lazo langaphakathi. Akumangalisi ukuthi lokhu kungenye yezimbazo eziyinhloko lapho kusebenza khona futhi ngenxa yalokho kufanele uthathe izindlela zokwenza ukonga kube nenzuzo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi nasesimweni. Lokhu kubonakala kancane ngezimali zokutshala imali ezaziwa njengevelu.